In this study, it was aimed to investigate the relationship among of 7th and 8th grade middle school students’ attitudes towards statistics and variables of gender, grade level and mathematics achievements. The universe of the study consisted of 7th and 8th grade students who are studying at middle school in Trabzon. The sample of the study included 372 (207 female and 165 male) 7th and 8th grade students who are studying at four different middle schools in Trabzon. Statistical Attitude Scale which was developed by Yılmaz (2006a) was used in order to gather the data. Besides, the personal information form was used to determine the gender, grade level and mathematics achievement of the sample as another data collective tool. During analysis, with the descriptive statistics, t-test and ANOVA was used in order to reveal whether the difference among the means were significant. At the end of the study it was concluded that the variables of gender, grade level and mathematics achievement affect the attitudes towards statistics. [Bu çalışmada ortaokul 7. ve 8. sınıf öğrencilerinin istatistiğe karşı tutumları ile cinsiyet, sınıf seviyesi ve matematik başarıları değişenleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmanın evrenini Trabzon ilinde ortaokul 7. ve 8. sınıfta öğrenim görmekte olan öğrencileri oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmanın örneklemini ise 2012-2013 eğitim öğretim yılı II. döneminde Trabzon ilinde dört ortaokulun 7. ve 8. sınıfta öğrenim gören 207 kız ve 165 erkek olmak üzere toplam 372 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Verilerin toplanması için Yılmaz (2006a) tarafından geliştirilen İstatistik Tutum Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Ayrıca örneklemin cinsiyet, sınıf seviyesi ve matematik başarılarının belirlenmesi için kişisel bilgi formu oluşturulmuştur. Analiz aşamasında betimsel istatistikler ile birlikte ortalamalar arasındaki farkın istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olup olmadığına bakmak için bağımsız t-testi ve ANOVA kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonunda cinsiyetin, sınıf seviyesinin ve matematik başarısının istatistiğe karşı tutumu etkilediği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.]

In this study it was aimed to examine the social - physical anxiety situations of the students who have been studying in Physical Education and Sport Department of Sakarya University. This study is a descriptive assessment study. A total number of 120 volunteer students who study at Sakarya University participated in the study. Of those 120 students, 60 of them represent the Training Department and 60 of them represent the Teaching Department. As the material of collecting data, a personal demographic form and to determine their physique anxiety levels , the social physique anxiety scale developed by Leary and Rejeski (1989) and adapted to Turkish by Balli and Ascı (2006) was applied. The collected data was analyzed using the SPSS “1 5.0” statistical analysis software, mean values, standard deviation and the T - Test was used for observing the difference between two groups. In statistical comparisons the meaningful level is p<.05. As a result, while there is no significant difference fo und in comparison of the social physique anxiety scores according to the department variable, there is a significant(0,49) difference with regards to gender variable.

Abstract This article studies the life and woks of Kemaleddin Bekrî, who affiliated himself to Khalvati-Shabani Sheikh Abdullatîf b. Hüsameddîn el-Halebî, and who was growed up under Abd al-Ghani al-Nabulsi’s control. His work “Hadiyyat al-Ahbab fi ma li’l-Khalveti min al-Şuruti va’l-Adab”, which explains the conditions and rules of “khalvet” was also studied. The work consists of preface, eight parts and an epilogue and all parts examined in detail. Özet Bu makalede, Abdülganî Nablusî’nin (ö.1143/1730) gözetiminde yetişen, halvetî-Şabânî şeyhi Abdullatîf b. Hüsameddîn el-Halebî’ye intisap eden Mustafa Kemaleddin Bekrî’nin hayatı ve eserleri incelenmiştir. Bu çerçevede onun tasavvufi bir kavram olan halvetin âdab ve şartlarını izah eden “Hediyyetü’l ahbâb fî mâ li’l-halveti mine’ş-şurûti ve’l-âdâb” adlı risalesinin incelenmesi ve değerlendirmesi üzerinde durulmuştur. Söz konusu eser, mukaddime sekiz bölüm ve bir hatimeden oluşmaktadır. Le Shaykh Khalwatî-Sha‘bânî Mustafâ Kamâl al-Dîn Bakrî et son Traité qui s’intitule Hadiyya al-ahbâb Résumé Dans cet article, on va étudier d’abord la vie et les œuvres du Shaykh Khalwatî-Sha‘bânî Mustafâ Kamâl al-Dîn Bakrî qui a été éduqué par le célèbre soufi ‘Abd al-Ghanî Nablûsî (m. 1143/1730) et a été initié par ‘Abd al-Latîf b. Husâm al-Dîn al-Halabî. Puis, plus particulièrement, on va analyser son traité qui s’intitule ‘Hadiyya al-ahbâb fî mâ li’l-khalwatî min al-shurût wa’l-âdâb’. Ce traité – qui a été composé de dix-huit chapitres et d’une conclusion – étudie les convenances et les conditions de la retraite spirituelle, khalwa, une des notions soufies importantes.

Bu çalışmanın amacı, AB’de nüfusun yaşlanması ve sağlık harcamalarına etkisinin incelenmesidir. Bu anlamda Eurostat çevrimiçi verilerinden yararlanılarak AB nüfusunun geçmişten bugüne izlediği seyir ile projeksiyon sonuçlarına göre 2010-2060 aralığındaki tahmin edilen gelişimi incelenecektir. Ardından Avrupa Komisyonu ve Ekonomik Politika Komitesi (2009) projeksiyon sonuçları değerlendirilerek nüfusun yaşlanması ile sağlık harcamalarının artışı arasındaki ilişki irdelenecektir. Bu bakımdan çalışma, anılan kaynaklardan elde edilen verilerin betimsel analizi ve yorumundan oluşmaktadır. AB ülkeleri kardiyovasküler ölümlerde azalmanın yaşandığı ancak kronik hastalıklarda ve yaşlanma hızında artışın meydana geldiği, doğurganlık hızının düşük seyrettiği ve kimi ülkelerde sıfır nüfus artışının yaşandığı yaşlanma evresinde bulunmaktadır. AB ülkeleri için genel olarak nüfusun yaşlanmasına paralel sağlık harcamaları artışı beklenmekte, özellikle yaşlanmanın nispeten daha hızlı gerçekleştiği ve kişi başı milli gelir artış hızının daha yüksek olduğu AB-12 ülkelerinde sağlık harcamaları artışlarının da yüksek olacağı öngörülmektedir.

Museums are important public institutes that inform the society of historical and contemporary cultural artifacts through their collections, be influence on development and education in the cultural sense of persons. New management policies play an important role in multifunction of museums. Alongside transferring spesific historical knowledge to viewers and being one of the means of art education, these places as effective mass media organs which are easily accessible, are getting ready to reach a lot more viewers. Museums are developing various strategies that will attract the viewer and reviewing all of the systems inside to outside with an innovative aspect. One of these systems in collection buildings which are quite important for contemporary plot of museology. According to today’s understanding of museology, managing a collection is as necessary as creating a collection and requires being assiduous. Parameters like criteria of collecting artwork, making inventory, protection and maintaining artworks, the way of exhibition and conceptional dimension which is expected to be built between collection and viewer, emphasize the necessity of management policies. There are decisive factors of making a collection management policy. To prevent making irreversibly wrong policies and failure, being able to get the results intented with regards to museology principles, these factors should be taken into consideration. In this research, clarification of importance of making collection management policies in terms of museology and identifying of regulatory factors are being aimed. In this research, analysis of documents has been applied as the data collecting technique, written sources related to the issue have been used. Descriptive analysis technique has been used as data analysis technique. Quotations have been made, data have been summarized and interpretations have been made according to themes and themes have been connected.

Atomoxetine, a selective norepinephrine (NE) inhibitor, is introduced as a safe non-stimulant alternative treatment of children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), especially co-morbid ADHD and anxiety disorder and/or Tourette syndrome. Generally known side effects were including weight loss, decrease appetite, nausea and somnolence, exacerbation of tics. In this paper, we want to present an adolescent case with ADHD-inattention type who developed separation anxiety during Atomoxetine treatment. It will be discussed in light of current knowledge about possible neurotransmitter systems associated with side effects of Atomoxetine. Consequently, atomoxetine treatment may trigger anxiety or obsessional thoughts although without any premorbid psychopathology. However, it is unclear whether effects of genetic, gender or adolescence period are associated with this. [Cukurova Med J 2013; 38(3.000): 503-505]

Horses have provided speed and mobility for Turkish people in steppes. Through war capability and skil ls of riding horse they were successful against resident communities in different geographies throughout history and when circumstances became difficult they migrated to convenient land riding horses. They benefited from horse's milk and meat as well as it s power and speed. In feast and festivals they compete with each other using horses, even if they played on horseback. This indicates that horses were how important for Turks in the political, civil, economic, social and cultural fields. Horse was located in the center of the lives of Turks throughout history. Such that, robbing a horse conneted was capital offence as well as rebellion, treason, murder, adultery according to the criminal law of the former Turks. Horse still has not lost its importance in t he present Turkish regions, especially Central Asian geography. Horse is so important for Turkmens that horse figure has taken place in the state coat of arms of Turkmenistan and the last sunday in April is celebrated as a feast in Turkmenistan. Ahal - Teke which is most exclusive horse breed of the word is brought up in Turkmenistan. Horse has also an important place in the vocabulary. In this work, it would be determine horse’s important in social and cultural life of Turkmens as following both language and non - language indicators.

The French Revolution roused many debates on human rights, including women's rights, which was known and criticized strongly by conservatives in late 18th century Europe, particularly France, and America. A keen observation on French Revolution resulted in “A Vindication of the Rights of Woman” which was published by Wollstonecraft in 1792, and which was the first great feminist treatise. Depending upon Wollstonecraft’s ideas the suffragettes movement, which sought to persuade women to endeavour to acquire strength, both of mind and body, and to get the right to vote, to be equal with men and to have equal opportunity of education with men, began in the very beginning of 19th century and spread all other countries in the 20th century. This movement changed the roles of men and women both inside the house and inside the society and formed the strong modern woman concept and the modern clothing of women. Women worked very hard to earn the right to vote, they also worked for broad-based economic and political equality and for social reforms. This research is carred out to explain thoroughly the circumstances procuring the suffrage movement within the context of textile industry and era dynamics.

Aim: There is lack of studies on the relationship between parathyroid hormone and vitamin D levels for defining deficiency and insufficiency of vitamin D in adults living in Turkey. Therefore, we searched for threshold value of 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration below which parathyroid hormone levels would significantly increase. Methods: Between the dates of 01.03.2015 and 01.06.2015, the results of patients older than 18 years were scanned from the laboratory information system. Eight hundred three patients, whose simultaneously analyzed serum levels of calcium, inorganic phosphate, creatinine and intact parathyroid hormone were within the reference ranges and 25-hydroxyvitamin D was <50 ng/mL, were included in the study. Results: There was a significant difference in intact parathyroid hormone levels between subjects with 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels of 15-10 and those with 10-5 ng/mL (p=0.05). A significant increase in intact parathyroid hormone levels (p=0.01) was found to start with a 25-hydroxyvitamin D level below 22 ng/mL within the range of 30 to 10 ng/mL. Consequently, we determined the first 25-hydroxyvitamin D threshold in which intact parathyroid hormone levels significantly increase to be 22 ng/mL and the second threshold as 10 ng/mL. Conclusion: Evaluation of parathyroid hormone which has a major role in the regulation of vitamin D should be done to define and diagnose vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency correctly.

The aim of this study is to determine the use of social media for professional development purposes by the teachers. Fourty teachers working at various grades and schools in the city center of one of the cities located in the North-west part of Turkey in the spring semester of 2014-2015 academic year formed the study group. For the selection of teachers, purposeful random sampling technique was used. The qualitative data were collected through a questionnaire developed by the researchers in the spring semester of 2014-2015 academic year. For the analysis of the qualitative data, descriptive analysis was used. The findings of the study revealed that teachers generally use the social media tools for professional purposes in their daily classroom activities and their professional development. In the meantime, it is observed that social media tools are effective when they are used for their professional development and for sharing purposes. Besides, teachers emphasized that social media has an important place in terms of their personal and professional development as well as they state that attention should be paid to dangers and misuse of social media.   Özet Bu araştırmanın amacı öğretmenlerin sosyal medyayı mesleki gelişim amaçlı nasıl kullandıklarının belirlenmesidir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu Batı Karadeniz Bölgesinde bulunan bir ilin merkezinde çeşitli okul kademelerinde 2014-1015 öğretim yılında görev yapan öğretmenlerden seçilen kırk öğretmen oluşturmuştur. Öğretmenlerin seçiminde amaçlı rastgele örneklem tekniği kullanılmıştır. Araştırma ile ilgili nitel veriler 2014-2015 öğretim yılı bahar döneminde araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilen bir anket ile toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizi için, betimsel analiz tekniği kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, öğretmenlerin sosyal medya araçlarını genel olarak kullandıkları, mesleki gelişim ve paylaşım amaçlı kullanmada ise çoğunlukla etkin oldukları görülmüştür. Bunun yanında öğretmenler, bireysel ve mesleki gelişim konusunda sosyal medyanın önemli bir yeri olduğunu vurgulamakla birlikte bilgi kirliliği gibi tehlikelere karşı da dikkatli olunması gerektiğini belirtmektedirler.

In this study, the applicability in compliance to its goals, of the proficiency based modular curriculums that has been put into practice throughout all vocational high schools according to the Strengthening Vocational and Technical Education Project, has beenevaluated regarding the execution in hospitality and tourism vocational high schools. The research was conducted using surveys applied to teachers. The population of the surveys on the teachers consists of tourism vocational course teachers in hospitality and tourism vocational high schools.Results reveal that there exists problems with modular curriculums and their applications. Teachers think that definitions, content and aims in the prepared curriculum was adequate to provide the required proficiency levels. In conclusion, some suggestions as to rid themodular education system of its current defects were presented.

Water is not only a renewable source but also a limited substance. Population growth and development in industry bring about competition among the sectors of water use. Agriculture has the largest rate of water use among the sectors. Most of irrigation schemes cannot be operated efficiently due to management, operation and maintenance problems. Since the farmers irrigate crops based on physical observations of plants, applied irrigation water and irrigation interval are not based on any technical criteria. Also, since water fees cannot be calculated based on amount of water used, it leads excessive water use. A certain land area becomes unavailable for agricultural purposes due to soil salinity and excessive water use. For these reasons, the issues of efficient water use and irrigation performance evaluation are the most critical issues in water use evaluation studies.In this study, water use performance indicators in Kızılırmak Basin Irrigation Schemes for the years were 2003-2005 were determined; the results were discussed and evaluated. The water use efficiency indicators including output per unit command area, output per unit irrigated area, output per unit irrigation supply and output per unit water consumed, relative water supply and irrigation ratio were determined as 66-5550 $/ha, 1095-7620 $/ha, 0.03-1.17 $/m3, 0.28-2.18 $/m3, 0.8-9.7, %1-98, respectively.

Artan gemi büyüklüğü ve gemi trafiğinin, limanlardaki manevra emniyeti açısından römorkör kuvvetlerine etkisini belirterek römorkör kuvvetlerinin, kullanılacak römorkör sayılarının ve emniyetli manevraların tespiti çalışmanın temel amacıdır. Römorkör kuvvetinin tespitine yönelik literatürdeki formüllerle uluslararası standartlar tespit edilmiş ve seçilmiş gemiler üzerinde belirlenmiş çevre koşullarının oluşturacağı dirençler hesap yöntemiyle bulunmuştur. İkinci aşamada ise bulunan değerler gemi manevra simülasyon yazılımında belirtilen çevresel koşullar altında test edilerek değerler karşılaştırılmıştır. Son olarak gerekli römorkör kuvvetinin en az kaç adet römorkör ile karşılanabileceği üzerinde durulmuştur. Seçilmiş olan gemi tiplerinin çalışacağı varsayılan bölgelerdeki en yüksek çevre koşullarının gemi üzerinde oluşturacağı direnç kuvvetleri ile manevralarda kullanılması gereken römorkör kuvvetleri sırasıyla %99, %83 ve %99 oranında benzerlik göstermiştir. Bunun yanı sıra kullanılması gereken en az römorkör adedi olarak literatürde belirtilen standartlara uygun olarak her biri en az 50 tonluk çekme gücüne sahip 4 adet römorkör kullanılmasının gerektiği görülmüştür. Simülasyon desteği ile gelmesi beklenen gemiler gelmeden planlanma, manevra alanlarını ve sınırlarını belirleme ve en önemlisi en yüksek çevresel koşullar altında gemiler için gerekli römorkör kuvvetinin tespiti yapılabilmektedir. Bundan daha da önemlisi gerekli römorkör kuvvetinin kaç adet römorkör ile sağlanabileceğinin tespiti için de simülasyon sistemleri son derece önemli karar destek yazılımı olarak görülmüştür.

<p>Polybius (M.Ö. 200-118) was born in the city of Megalopolis in Hellas. He belongs to a noble and distinguished family. By the influence of his family he took important tasks in Achaean League in a short time. After Perseus’ defeat at Pydna (168 BC), Polybius was one of the 1,000 Achaean nobles who were transported to Rome as hostages in 167 BC, and was detained there for 17 years. In Rome Polybius had become acquainted with Aemilius Paulus and his two sons and he was allowed to remain in Rome in the house of Aemilius, to act as tutor to the two boys. Thus the friendship began between Polybius and the younger son, who became by adoption Publius Scipio Aemilianus. Polybius differs from contemporary historians in many respects of his period. Polybius is considered as the latest and greatest historian of the Hellenistic period. And he is one of the leading historians of the Roman Republic period. These two features shows us that the History of Polybius connects Hellenistic period to the Roman period. Polybius on the one hand while witnessing the collapse of the Hellenistic Period, the other hand testifies to the rise of the Roman era. Polybius' main aim was to record the rise of Rome to supremacy over the Mediterranean states from the beginning of the Second Punic War to the end of the Third Macedonian War. He wrote the history of Rome with Hellenistic perspective. His universal historiographical method reflects the characteristics of the Hellenistic period. The Hellenistic kingdoms in the claim of universality has now replaced by Rome. In other words, Polybius places Rome and its institutions on the basis of universal history. Rome governing the whole world is universal and irresistible power.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Özet</strong></p><p>Polybius (M.Ö.200-118) Hellas’daki Megalopolis kentinin soylu ve seçkin ailelerinden birine mensup olarak dünyaya gelmiştir. Ailesinin nüfuzu sayesinde kısa sürede Akhaia Birliğinde önemli görevlere gelmiştir. Roma’nın 168’deki Pydna zaferinden sonra Polybius’un içinde bulunduğu bir grup seçkin Akhaia Birliği vatandaşı haklarında dava açılmak üzere Roma’ya götürülmüştür. Polybius Roma’da bulunduğu süre içerisinde Roma’nın seçkin ailelerinden birine mensup olan Scipio Aemilianus’un dikkatini çekmiş ve tutsak olarak bulunduğu 17 yıllık dönemde de Genç Scipio’nun dostluğunu ve lütfunu kazanmıştır. Polybius birçok açıdan döneminin tarih yazarlarından ayrılır. Hem Hellenistik çağın son ve en büyük tarihçisi olarak kabul edilir hem de Roma Cumhuriyet döneminin önde gelen tarih yazarları arasındadır. Bu iki özelliğini birleştirdiğimizde Polybius’un Hellenistik dönemi Roma dönemine bağlayan bir mihenk taşı özelliği olduğunu görürüz. Onun eserini yazmaktaki asıl amacı Roma’nın Akdeniz dünyasındaki devletleri egemenlik altına alma sürecini kayıt altına almaktı. Ona göre bu süreç II. Kartaca Savaşıyla başlar, III. Kartaca Savaşının sona ermesine kadar devam eder. Hellenistik bakış açısıyla Roma tarihini yazmıştır. Polybius’un Hellenistik dönemden izler taşıyan evrensel bir tarih anlayışı vardır. Hellenistik çağın evrensellik iddiasındaki krallıkların yerini şimdi Roma almıştır. Başka bir deyişle Polybius evrensel tarihinin temeline Roma’yı ve onun kurumlarını yerleştirir. Roma tüm dünyayı yöneten evrensel ve karşı konulamaz bir güçtür. Polybius kendi yurttaşlarını da Roma’ya karşı gelmemeleri konusunda sık sık ikaz eder.</p>

Aim: Antibiotic prophylaxis is a practice for the prevention of surgical site infections. Its overall standards are determined, while different applications are performed in practice. Although there are hospital-based studies in literature conducted on this subject, oral antibiotics prescribed to patients, who have undergone surgery upon discharge, are not evaluated in this study, since there are no sufficient records yet. With the health transformation program in our country, electronic prescription (e-prescription) use has started and patient discharge prescriptions have become accessible with this application. Our purpose was to draw attention to a previously unrecognized problem by examining discharge prescriptions, in addition to hospital applications for surgical antibiotic prophylaxis. Material and Method: Patient files belonging to the months September, October, November of the year 2014 were examined retrospectively, and clean and clean-contaminated operations (laparoscopic cholecystectomy, cholecystectomy, umbilical herniorrhaphy, inguinal herniorrhaphy, thyroidectomy) were taken into the scope of the study. Cases were examined with regard to surgical antibiotic prophylactic administrations and discharge prescriptions on e-prescription system. Results: For the 400 patients who were examined in scope of the study, average postoperative hospitalization period was found to be 1,5±0,9 days, and average administered intravenous prophylactic dose was 3,2±1,9. It was determined that intravenous prophylaxis was discontinued in the first 24 hours for 223(%54) cases, and that it surpassed 24 hours for 177(%46) cases. Average intravenous prophylaxis period was found to be 37,71 hours. It was detected that prophylaxis was continued in 354(%88,5) cases with oral antibiotics, and that oral antibiotics were not prescribed in 46(%11,5) cases. Discussion: For surgical antibiotic prophylaxis, it was determined that selection of antibiotics were performed pursuant to the guidelines, however prophylaxis period was not in accordance with the guidelines, and prophylaxis was continued with oral antibiotics for the majority of cases.

Appendix

This study, that is on the history of punctuation marks; is prepared basing on some researchs which about history of punctuation in the West, and about Turkish punctuation customs and also its first usages in Turkish. Besides, it investigates adventure of punctuation marks in Turkish by scanning style manuals and Works that were studied in Ottoman Turkish and after. This work, focused on that when/why the punctuation marks were created, and where were located in the texts, and also studied aims of usages in the past.<br> <br> Bu çalışma noktalama işaretlerinin tarihini ele almaktadır. Batıda noktalama işaretlerinin tarihi üzerine yapılmış olan araştırmalar ile Türkçede noktalamayı ele alan çalışmalardan yararlanılarak hazırlanmıştır. Ayrıca, Osmanlı dönemi ve sonrasındaki çalışmalar ve imla kılavuzları taranarak noktalamanın Türkçedeki seyri de incelenmiştir. Çalışmada, noktalama işaretlerinin doğuşu ve ilk zamanlardaki kullanılış amaçlarına da yer verilmiştir.

Lung cancer is the most common reason of cancer mortality all over the world. Although smoking is the most important factor in lung cancer etiology, additionally, environmental, genetic and occupational factors also contribute to this disease. Despite the fact that there have been progress in lung cancer area in terms of treatments, it has still poor prognosis. Lung cancer is generally classified into two major histological types; small cell lung cancer and non-small cell lung cancer. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for approximately 85% of all cases of lung cancer. Epithelial growth factor receptor mutations are among the most common mutations in NSCLC. These mutations are more prevalent in lung cancer patients who are non-smokers, female, and of Asian ethnicity and tumors which have these mutations response better to tyrosine kinase inhibitors in NSCLC. In this review, the prognostic and predictive role of EGFR will be evaluated in NSCLC.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: TR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Militaristic boot camps became very popular in the U.S. in the early 1990’s as an alternative to traditional prisons and probation. Less recidivism and less cost were the shibboleths of correctional boot camps. The boot camps are believed to reduce the number of repeat offenders and to lower operational costs. The rehabilitation programs and aftercare activities are thought to bring ongoing changes in inmates’ behaviors. Therefore, boot camps are strongly supported by politicians and the public. Tax dollars are spent to operate the boot camps. However, despite the fact that only two decades have passed since the existence of juvenile boot camps, numerous studies have declared that juvenile boot camp prisons are ineffective in reducing future offenses of inmates, operational costs, and in continually changing the </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: TR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US">behaviors of young offenders. </span>

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Amniotic band syndrome is a rare congenital disorder that is caused by intrauterine entrapment of fetal parts in fibrous amniotic bands. Patients may have varying clinical features ranging from minor digital amputations to fatal congenital anomalies. Prenatal ultrasound scan regarding the specific findings of ABS during the early second trimester may provide the detection of the severity of the disease. Because Limb Body Wall Complex is a lethal condition, earlier diagnosis may also provide to counsel the parents and terminate the pregnancy in an earlier period. We herein present a case of Limb Body Wall Complex, diagnosed and terminated at 14 weeks of gestation and discuss the ultrasonographic findings.

Syringocystadenoma papilliferum (SCAP) is a benign skin tumor. It usually presents as a soft tissue mass or a papule on the scalp and face. Other uncommon reported locations of SCAP are abdominal wall, vulva, scrotum, eyelid, outer ear canal, nipple, axilla and back. The histogenesis of SCAP is still enigmatical. A 30-year-old woman was admitted to the emergency room of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology with a soft tissue mass on the right side of vulva, which was approximately 3 cm in diameter. The mass was removed by excision and histopathological diagnosis of the specimen was syringocystadenoma papilliferum. Consent of the patient can not be taken for macroscopic picture. A recurrence was observed after 6 months following excision of the mass; re-excision of the mass was performed and histopathological evaluation identified the same diagnosis. Here we present a case of syringocystadenoma papilliferum located in a relatively unusual site, in which total excision and re-excision of the mass is sufficient for cure. It is essential to make an appropriate differential diagnosis to exclude malign cases in patients who present with an asymptomatic solitary lesion.

Traumatic carotid artery dissection may appear after blunt head or neck trauma. Patients were either asymptomatic or clinically symptoms may include loss of consciousness, hemiparesis, aphasia and Horner syndrome, these typically occurring after an interval of hours to days. Patients were either asymptomatic or clinically symptoms may include headache, transient ischemic attack, stroke, Horner Syndrome and loss of consciousness, these typically occurring after an interval of hours to days. Prognosis is good if an early diagnosis and treatment were established. As cerebral ischemia and neurological deficits may develop in subsequent periods, it is essential that the carotid artery dissection should be kept in mind for possible cases in order to evaluate and diagnose it properly. In this article, we present a case of internal carotid artery dissection including diagnostic neuroimaging, which occurred after 6 hours of blunt trauma and subsequent cerebral infarction following a car accident. Clinical features, neuroradiological diagnostic methods and treatments options are discussed with the relevant literature.

<span>Design of experiments (DOE) is a systematic approach to applying statistical methods to the experimental process. The main purpose of this study is to provide useful insights into mixture design as a special type of DOE and to present a review of current mixture design applications in the food industry. The theoretical principles of mixture design and its application in the food industry, based on an extensive review of the literature, are described. Mixture design types, such as simplex-lattice, simplex-centroid, D-optimal and crossed mixture, are compared in terms of their characteristics and advantages. Multi-response optimization and the application of some heuristics and softwares are discussed. This review focuses on an overview of the more specialized and novel food applications in the recent literature.</span>

In this study, it is aimed to define the suffix +sA- which makes verb from noun and means “want, desire” and to contribute for identifying the properties of that suffix. For this purpose, firstly the views of Turkologists and Altayist about suffix +sA which makes verb from nouns to discuss views on the subject has been given. By using examples of historical texts and historical sources of information to make verb from nouns suffix names the structure and origin of +sA- was determined and it was concluded that this suffix +sA- which is meaning in considering a thing on their own and considering it between their own wishes is a suffix which makes verb from nouns. The historical development of this suffix by using examples of Kokturk Turkish, Old Uigur Turkish, Karahan Turkish, Khwarezm Turkish, Kipchak Turkish, Old Anatolian Turkish and Chagatai Turkish uses was determined and it was stated that suffix is a living suffix. Besides, the uses of +sA- was determined and some examples about it were given. Again the identified extended 12 types of +sA- suffix which makes verb from nouns were illustrated. After giving information about the structure, the origin and historical development of suffix conditional mood -sA-, the relationship with +sA- which make verb from noun and +sA- suffix were examined. And it is identified that these two suffixes different as origin and structure and they are confused to each other in historical period. After giving information about the structure, origin and historical development of +sI- suffix which makes verb from noun the relation with +sA- was determined and it was identified that these two suffixes are different in terms of function and meaning.<br> Bu çalışmada, “arzu etmek, istemek” anlamındaki +sA- isimden fiil yapma ekini tanıtmak ve bu ekin özelliklerinin belirlemesine katkıda bulunmak amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla öncelikle Altayist ve Türkologların +sA- isimden fiil yapma eki hakkındaki görüşleri verilerek konunun tartışılması sağlanmıştır. Tarihî kaynaklardaki bilgilerden ve tarihî metinlerdeki örneklerden hareketle +sA- isimden fiil yapma ekinin yapısı ve kökeni incelenmiş ve bu ekin “bir şeyi kendi istekleri, kendi dilekleri arasında saymak” anlamındaki sa- fiilinin ekleşmesinden oluşan bir isimden fiil yapma eki olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Bu ekin Köktürk Türkçesi, Eski Uygur Türkçesi, Karahanlı Türkçesi, Harezm Türkçesi, Kıpçak Türkçesi, Eski Anadolu Türkçesi ve Çağatay Türkçesindeki kullanımları örneklendirilerek tarihî gelişimi incelenmiş, +sA- isimden fiil yapma ekinin Türkçenin tarihî dönemlerinde kullanılan canlı bir ek olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca +sA- ekinin Çağdaş Türk Dillerindeki kullanımı incelenmiş ve örneklendirilmiştir. +sA- isimden fiil yapma ekinin tespit edilen on iki genişletilmiş şeklinin şekil, anlam ve işlevleri incelenerek örneklendirilmiştir. –sA- şart kipi ekinin yapısı, kökeni ve tarihî gelişimi ile ilgili bilgi verildikten sonra +sA- isimden fiil yapma eki ile ilişkisi incelenmiş, bu iki ekin yapı ve köken olarak farklı ekler olduğu, tarihî süreç içinde birbirine karıştırıldığı tespit edilmiştir. +sI- isimden fiil yapma ekinin yapısı, kökeni ve tarihî gelişimi ile ilgili bilgi verildikten sonra +sA- isimden fiil yapma eki ile ilişkisi incelenmiş, bu iki ekin köken, işlev ve anlam bakımından farklı ekler olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

<div><p align="center"><strong><em>THE VIEW POINT OF INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL REPORTING STANDARDS REPORTING AND TRACKING OF RISK</em></strong></p><p><strong><em>Abstract: In Turkey accounting applications, when the cheque endorsed, the accountants’ records this transaction like the receivables is collected, the credit is paid. This method due to a problem about reporting misstatement of financial activities. As a result, information asymmetry was created, because the risks derived from the can not include financial reports.</em></strong></p><p><strong><em>The economic reality in the endorsement transaction is the cheque endorsing means a warranty promise for the receivables and credits. In the context of IAS/IFRS/TMS/TFRS, to reporting the risks derived from the endorsement transaction, it is recommended that these accounts (Giving Guaranty, Providing Guaranty) are useful fort his reasons. </em></strong></p><p><strong><em>Keywords: UFRS, TFRS, Risk, Endorsement, Accounting, Financial Reporting.</em></strong></p><p align="center"><strong><em>RİSKİN İZLENMESİ VE RAPORLANMASI AÇISINDAN CİRO MUHASEBESİNE ULUSLARARASI FİNANSAL RAPORLAMA STANDARTLARI PENCERESİNDEN BAKIŞ</em></strong></p><p><strong><em>Özet: Ticari hayatta çek ciro edildiğinde borcun ödenmiş olması ve çek alındığında alacağın tahsil edildiği kabulünden hareket eden muhasebe kayıtları yapılmaktadır. Bu kayıtlarda şirketlerin ciro işleminden doğan ciranta yükümlülükleri ihmal edilmektedir. Bu durum ise ciro işleminden doğan risklerin finansal tablolarda raporlanamaması sonucunu doğurmakta ve finansal tablo kullanıcılarına yanlış/eksik raporlama yapılarak bilgi asitmerisi yaratılmaktadır.</em></strong></p><p><strong><em>IAS/IFRS/TMS/TFRS bağlamında raporlama yapabilmek için ciro işlemlerindeki esas ekonomik gerçeğin alacak veya borç için teminat alma veya verme olduğundan hareket edilerek “Verilen Teminatlar Hesabı” ve “Alınan Teminatlar Hesabı” kullanılması önerilmektedir. </em></strong></p></div>

Objective: In asymptomatic and incidentally detected low ejection fraction patients, performing a coronary angiog­raphy (CAG) is not recommended routinely. But the prog­nosis for patients with ischemic etiology remains worse and performing CAG for the elucidation of the etiology may be beneficial. In our study, in asymptomatic and low EF patients who underwent CAG, coronary artery disease frequency was investigated. Methods: Totally 100 coronary angiography were per­formed at our institution for the elucidation of the etiology. The patients do not have angina or heart failure symp­toms. Results: The median age was 61 years with 75% male ratio. Mean ejection fraction was 33.8%. Ischemic etiol­ogy was 26% after coronary angiography. The prevalence of CABG was 8 and stenting was 11 patients, CABG and stenting group was defined as invasive therapy group with 19 patients. The prevalence of normally coronary artery was 17. The prevalence of medical therapy deci­sion was 64 patients. The medical therapy patients were divided into two groups. 7 patients were in ischemic group and 57 patients were in non-ischemic group. Conclusion: In our study, in patients without chest pain or symptoms of heart failure with low ejection fraction, in­cidence of coronary artery disease were evaluated.

In this study, mortality and injury ratios are calculated by using date of interurban road traffic accidents (RTAs) in Turkey occuring in 1997-2006 years. According to the ratios, clustering analysis was done by using both traditional k-measns and fuzzy c-means techniques. Provinces are divided five cluster by clustering analysis are done according to two tecniques . It was definied that provinces has the most highest fatality and injury ratios. Obtained results were compared. It was observed that fuzzy c-means technique gives accurate and consistend results at least k-means technique.

Data of 935 first lactations, 607 second lactations and 432 third lactations obtained by 1476 Jersey cows that are managed in small scale family farms, under conditions of low input production system, were analyzed in order to study effects of factors: calving age and season on variance of 305-day milk yield and their effect adjustment. ML (Maximum Likelihood) Method was used to obtain unbiased prediction for adjustment factors, as it is able to take into account and estimate not only differences “between cows” but also “within cow”. Analysis of variance carried out according to mixed linear regression model indicates that all factors included in this model show statistically significant effects (P<0,001) on the variance of 305 day milk yield. Mixed linear model with “age of calving x month of calving” increased significance (P<0.05) of this model in explanation of total phenotypic variance of milk yield for first three lactations only by 0,72 %. This situation doesn‟t justify the use of joint multiplicative factors for calving age and month.

XVII. century corresponds to a period called“Middle Classic Period” by literature historians, a periodwhere the Classic Turkish poetry was at the peak of itsmaturity. This period is also interesting, because it is aperiod that contains different styles/tastes feeding fromthe same source in Turkish poetry. It is a well known factthat until the XVII. century, there wasn’t a seriousseparation between the words and meaning in ClassicTurkish poetry, and some poets were considered betterthan the others by personal preferences, but this hasnever became a generally accepted idea. However,especially at the end of the XVI. century and beginning ofthe XVII. century, with the effect of Sebk-i Hindi, firstseen in Iran, India and then Divan poetry and based onhidden, concealed and complex meaning, some importantchanges were seen in the meaning domain of Turkishpoetry. In the same century, a new formation calledHikemi Tarz, known as Nabi school and prioritizesthoughts and wisdom in poetry, has shown its effect inliterature history. This new style was also based on themeaning like Sebk-i Hindi, but was interested in theconcrete side of the meaning; in other words thoughts.The poets influenced by this new style have opened a newwindow in classic poetry and tried to enrich the meaningdimension of poetry by thought axis. In this paper, the changes and developments inthe meaning domain of Turkish poetry caused by Classicstyle, Sebk-i Hindi, Hikemi Tarz and Localization poetry,seem on classic Turkish poetry in the XVII. and XVIII.centuries, will tried to be examined in sample versestaken from the poems of the poets representing thoseperiods.

In this study we aimed to introduce two cases presented to our clinic with a complaint of foreign bodies in eyes, followed in our clinic and diagnosed with Ocular Munchausen syndrome. In the first case; a 10 year old male patient had complained out of soil from each eye. In the patient%u2019s biomicroscopic examination; reminiscent of the wet soil material was observed in the conjunctival fornix and caruncle in both eyes. Patient%u2019s both eye anterior segment and fundus examination, orbital and lacrimal gland ultrasound were normal. Sample from the eyes of the patient was reported to be soil material content with quite high organic matter. Patient was consulted with Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Clinic and diagnosed with Ocular Munchausen Syndrome. In the other case; 24 year old male patient presented to our clinic with the diagnosis of %u2018foreign body in the right eye%u2019. 3 pieces of glass were removed from the upper fornix in the patient%u2019s right eye examination. Patient%u2019s anterior segment, fundus examination and B-scan USG were normal. Patient was admitted again with similar complaints after 1 week and 2 pieces of glass were removed from the upper fornix in the patient%u2019s right eye examination. Patient was consulted to psychiatry clinic and diagnosed with Ocular Munchausen Syndrome.

Malignant mixed mullerian tumor is a rare neoplasm and derives from mullerian mesoderm that differentiates in epithelial and stromal elements. In this case report, pathological and immunohistochemical profile and diagnostic difficulties in malignant mixed mullerian tumor of the uterus were discussed. The case is a 53-year- old patient who complained of pelvic pain and postmenopausal genital bleeding. Computerized tomography was revealed an intrauterine mass measuring 8x5 cm. After the evaluation of the curettage material that was diagnosed as high grade stromal sarcoma; total abdominal hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and omentectomy were performed. Histopathologically, the tumor contained squamous cell carcinoma admixed with high grade stromal sarcoma. Additionaly, areas of adenomyosis in the neighbouring of the tumor were noted. Immunohistochemically, malignant stromal cells exhibited diffuse vimentin, smooth muscle actin, myoglobin and focal CD10 and S100 protein positivity. Malignant epithelial cells revealed diffuse positive reaction for epithelial membrane antigen, pancytokeratin (AE1/AE3), vimentin and focal reaction for HCG. A diagnosis of uterin malignant mixed mullerian tumor (carcinosarcoma) with unilateral ovarian and cervix invasion was made. The patient died one week after the pathologic diagnosis because of renal failure. This case is an interesting example of the focal HCG positivity in the malignant epithelial component of the tumor that may represent focal choriocarcinomatous differentiation. Potential relationship between malignant mixed mullerian tumor and adenomyosis was evaluated.

In this study, firstly it was aimed to see whether the tests with different item format create advantage or disadvantage on examinees’ performance, in other words, whether the examinees’ scores are fairly affected by particular test forms with different formatted items. Second purpose is to make use of test equating procedure as a tool for examining the effect of item formats on test performance and by this way identifying whether the two different item formatted test scores could be used interchangeably. This was questioned by searching whether the test scores obtained from different item formats could be used interchangeably. The data of the study was collected from 402 6th grade students from various secondary schools. Single group design, and linear equating procedure from classical equating methodologies were used in the study. At the same time, as a part of the equating process, SEEs (Standart error of equating) for single group were estimated. Confidence bands based on the SEE was used to assess equivalence of different item formatted mathematic test edition. As a result of the study, differences were found between equating function and identity function, differences ranging from –0,041 to 1,159. Because these differences are more than two SEEs for some score range, the two different item formatted mathematic test edition (numeric formatted and word formatted) can not be considered equivalent and interchangeable. Test geliştiricilerin veya testi uygulayan k

Aim: The aim of this study; isoflurane inhalation and midazolam used for sedation of the geriatric ICU patients were compared regarding the effectiveness, cost and delirium parameters. Material and Method: 30 patients who predicted to use mechanical ventilation at least 48 hours were included in this study and divided into 2 equal groups. In group I (n=15) 1-7ml/hour isoflurane, in group M (n=15) 0.1-0.2 mg kg-1h-1 midazolam infusion were administrated. Sedation level was scored with Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale (RASS) between -2%u2013( 1), recorded hourly. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and heart rates (HR) were recorded hourly and labratory parameter were recorded daily. Total sedation time, time to weak up and extubation time were recorded during weaning period. When the patients answered to verbal stimulation, delirium level was recorded twice in a day by confusion assessment scale. The cost were recorded.Results: RASS was significantly lower in group I when compared with group M (p=0.035). Weak up and extubation times were longest in group M. The costs were higher group I than goup M (p=0.0274). Discussion: In isoflurane group, sedation level was better than in midazolam group. Weak up and extubation times were shortest in isoflurane. Sedation by the isoflurane inhalation can be used in geriatric ICU patients.

17 ağustos 1999 depremi sonras1 Adapazarı cad de VP �llkak tozlarındaki bazı ağır metal (Pb, Cu, Zn, Ni, Cr, Cu) derişimleı·inin Alevii Atomik Absorpsiyon Spektrometresi (F AAS) ile tayin edilmesine yönelik olarak yaptlan bu r!\lışmada örnekler İzm i t, Adnan Mender� Çark, Bankdıar, Eski Hendek caddeleri, Atatürk Bulvan, Eski Reji sokak ve ErPnler Gemi sokaktan mayıs 2000 ile ekim 2000 arası 15 gün arayla alındı. Uygun çözündürme işlemlerinden sonra analiz edilen çözeltilerde Ni, Cr, Cd, Zn ve Pb düzeylerinin standartların üzerinde olduğu gözlenirken Cu düzeyinin kabul edilebilir değerde olduğu anlaşıldı. Ağustos ayında Çark caddesi en fazla kirliliğin olduğu bölge olurken en düşük kirlilik ise Eski Hendek caddesinde gözlendi. Süreç olarak Mayıs a yının geneli ve EyJiil ayının ikinci yansı ldrliliğin en düşük olarak gözlendiği aylar oldu

Each nation has its own unique way of thinking and way of life,language, customs and traditions, values and rules of social features.World view of nations and their own particular characteristics wereimportant in the past and they continue today too. And it is importantto analyse concepts language and world view like an one event notseparately.On the basis of the relationship between language and human, inthis article we will try to explain concept tört tülük which meansabundance and wealth. Tört tülük is a phrase which includes horse,cow, camel and sheep-goat in it. Having all of these four kind of animalssymbolize abudance and richness. These animals for Turks areeverything because of their meet, milk, wool; also Turks used power ofthem, especially camel could pull all house (kiyiz-keçe otağı ‘nomad’stent’) with its materials.Using ‘four’ kinds of animals to symbolize abudance and richnessrelates with world view of Turks. In Türkish (Turkey) there are somephrases with ‘four’ like ‘dört başı mamur’, ‘dört dötlük’ which representperfection and completeness.In Divanu Lugati’t-Türk tört tülik did not given as a concept, butwe found many examples with those four animals and products whichthey give. <br>

Objectives: To evaluate the results obtained from malesubjects who underwent pterygium surgery with conjunctivalautograft and to calculate the induced astigmatism.Materials and methods: Pterygium surgery with conjunctivalautograft was performed on 22 eyes of 20 subjectsdiagnosed with primary pterygium. If pterygium caused avision problem or approached the pupil level, and if surgerywas requested from the individuals for cosmetic reasons,the decision to operate was made. Patients who underwentany ocular surgery, have ocular surface disease,eyelid problems or systemic disease were not includedin the study. A complete ophthalmologic examination wasperformed before surgery, at one month following the surgery,and during the final controls. Induced astigmatismwas calculated by using refractive parameters and VectorialAnalysis Program.Results: Twenty-two eyes of 20 subjects were included inthe study. Mean age was 22.50 ± 4.15 (20-39) years. Allsubjects included in the study were male patients. Of the22 eyes, 14 were right and 8 were left eyes. In the evaluationsof visual acuity and intraocular pressure values preandpost- surgery, no statistical significance was detected(p=0.142, p=0.831). During the surgery, relapse was detectedin 4 eyes (18%) and conjunctival granuloma (9%)was detected in 2 eyes. Following the surgery, arithmeticaverage of the induced astigmatisms at 1st month was0.91±1.19 D; against-the-rule astigmatism was detectedin nearly 60% of the eyes. The subjects were followed upfor 93.59±36.47 days after the surgery.Conclusions: In primary pterygium subjects of youngage, surgery with conjunctival autograft was consideredas a preferable method due to its low number of relapseand complications, as well as absence of any adverse effecton visual acuity.Key words: Astigmatism, pterygium, young adult

Environmental destruction taking place since the beginning of human history wasn’t so important until the industrial revolution. But within the process of industrial revolution, as a result of abusing natural resources and high increase of production and consumption cycle caused the disruption of environment and this thread has been one of the most important problems of mankind today. As one of the most important items of EU adaptation process, It is necessary to fulfill the arrangements and changes that EU determined and wanted Turkey to realize about the “environment”. Therefore, all governmental, public and private sector institutions are responsible for the realization of arrangements and items that theoretically determined during this process. In this study, the affects of environmental policies on Turkish business sector, environmental policies of EU and Turkey and environmentally-conscious business are analyzed and some data obtained from businesses that are listed in ISO-500 are included.

Thromboembolic disease is a potentially severe pathology.When its clinical feature implies a massive occlusionof the arterial pulmonary tree and a cardiac failure is ensued,it can be seriously life threatening even for youngpatients. Less frequent features as right or left atriumthrombosis could increase morbidity and mortality of thisdisease.We report a case of massive right pulmonary embolism(PE) with entrapped thrombus in patent foramen ovaleand right heart failure in a 32- year-old man. Transthoracicechocardiography showed a right atrial thrombusattached to the inter-atrial septum. Following the diagnosisof right heart thrombosis with massive PE, infusion oftissue type plasminogen activator (100 mg in two hours)was administered. Echocardiography performed two daysafter thrombolysis showed a significant decrease in theright ventricular size and complete lysis of the thrombusin the right heart. By genetic examination, he proved tohave factor V ’Leiden’ gene and two thrombophilia genes,all of which were positive in the heterozygous state. Hehad also a high serum homocysteine.Key words: pulmonary embolism, hypercoagulable state,thrombolytic therapy, patent foramen ovale

Objectives: In this study, we aimed to investigate the agents which were isolated from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples in our hospital for three years, retrospectively.Materials and methods: The CSF samples, which were sent our laboratory, of the patients those had presumptive diagnosis of meningitis between September 2008 and September 2011 were included into the study. Isolated bacteria were identified with conventional methods, biochemical tests and/or Phonix (BD, US) kits. Antimicrobial susceptibility of the strains were investigated according to Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) recommendations.Results: 11 Streptococcus pneumoniae, 8 Klebsiella pneumoniae, 7 Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 7 Acinetobacter baumannii, 5 Escherichia coli, 4 Enterococcus spp., 2 Enterobacter spp., 25 Coagulase-negative staphylococcus, 1 Morganella morganii, 2 Neisseria meningitidis, 1 Brucella spp., and 1 Candida albicans were isolated (overall n:74; 5.2%) from total 1408 CSF samples. In susceptibility test, 2 S.pneumonia was found as penicillin-resistant, and one E.coli and two K.pneumoniae were found as extended spectrum of beta-lactamase producers. Additionally, carbapenem resistance was detected in three A.baumannii and one P.aeruginosa strains.Conclusion: Determination of agent profile and antimicrobial resistance pattern from different localizations and patients’ groups will help to improve protective and therapeutic health policies.

After cardiovascular diseases, the most common reasons of death in the world is cancer. However, oncologists think that %u201CNobody dies from cancer, the patiences pass away due to the results of metabolic changes stemmed from cancer%u201D. The identification of metabolic changes which is caused by cancer opens new insights to doctors in diagnosing and therapy. For instance, the method of imaging of Positron emission tomography (PET), which is used for the cancer grading, involves the changes of glucose metabolism in cancer cells. Another case related to this subject is that the differential diagnosis between residue metastasis and edema of the suspect area in the image of postoperative control brain magnetic resonance (MR) for a patient who is operated because of brain tumor can be made via MR spectroscope device by analyizing the metabolic activity of that area regarding the level of choline, creatinine, N-Asetyl aspartene and lactate. In this review, the main changes of metabolism of protein, carbonhydrate and lipid, and membrane structure in cancer patience will be mentioned. Furthermore, paraneoplastic syndrome and the tumor lysis syndrome, an urgent oncologic case, which can be seen in the 20 percent of cancer patience, will be undertaken.

Objectives: In recent years, in our country and the world, susceptibility of uropathogenic E.coli strains to commonly used antibiotics in the treatment of urinary tract infections has decreased. That decreased susceptibility has been caused to treatment failure, need to change the empirical treatment, increase in prescription costs, prolongation of hospital stay, increased social costs, increased morbidity and mortality. In this study, determination of susceptibility to different variety of antibiotics and fosfomycin in urinary tract infection isolate E.coli were aimed.Materials and methods: The study included E.coli positive urine samples which had been sent to State Hospital Central Laboratory in Kızıltepe between August 2010 and December 2010. These isolates were obtained from patients who have microscopically 10/mm3 leukocyte in urine. In this study, we tested susceptibility of isolated E.coli to FOT (Fosfomycin), CIP(ciprofloxacin), IP (İmipenem), TZP (Piperasilin-Tazobactam), CAZ (Ceftazidim). According to CLSI criteria, susceptibility testing was performed by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method.Results: E.coli strains isolated from urine samples examined between August 2010 and December 2010, all were susceptible to fosfomisine. The resistance rates of E.coli strains to Ceftazidim, Ciprofloxacin, İmipenem, Piperacillin-Tazobactam were found respectively 33.3%, 49.1%, 36.8%, 45.6% (Table 1).Conclusions: Because of the high susceptibility rates of fosfomycin at community-acquired urinary tract infection, it can be preferred to the non-complicated urinary tract infections as an antimicrobial agent.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of physically restrained patients in intensive care units, who made the decision to apply restraints, the times they were used and the characteristics of the patients, in other words, the potential reasons why physical restraints were being used. Methods: The research population for this descriptive study was the 115 patients who were being physically restrained. Data were collected with an observation and interview forms. Form 1 was completed by the researcher by observing the patient and reviewing the patient record. Form 2 was completed by interviewing the nurse caring for the patient being physically restrained. Chi-square test was used in analysis of the data. Findings: There was no difference between the rate of injuring patients with physical restraints and the length of time of physical restraint in different ICUs. The percentage of patients which had three and four extremities restrained was higher in the Gastroenterology ICU than the others. The most common type of restraint was observed to be bilateral wrist restraints. For most of the patients the physical restraints were used for 1-7 days. The majority of the decisions to restrain patients were made by the nurses. In this study health care personnel tried using alternative methods in 74.8% of the patients before using physical restraint.Conclusion: Knowing the injuries that can occur from the use of physical restraints and the characteristics of patients being physically restrained can be a guide in nursing care planning and in management. Physical restraint is an important problem in our hospital intensive care units. Also the absence of a monitored form for recording information about physical restraints may be a cause for legal problems. There is a need for the development of standards and appropriate materials for physical restraining.

Diffuse alveoler hemorrhage, can be related to many drugs, is a life-threatening condition that is caused by intra-alveoler hemorrhage associated with destruction of capillaries in the alveolar septa. It usually presents with hemoptysis, anemia, diffuse lung infiltration, and acute respiratory failure. Warfarin usually causes to bleeding complications, however it is rarely leads to diffuse alveoler hemorrhage. In this article, we presented a case who developed diffuse alveoler hemorrhage due to uncontrolled use of warfarin.

Aim: Degenerative valvular heart disease (DVHD) may cause serious cardiac problems and mortality. Determination of the factors related to DVHD may render possible the prevention and/or slowing down the progression of DVHD. In this study, we evaluated the relationship of DVHD with lipid profile, microalbuminuria and high sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels. Methods: 50 patients (age=65.6±12.4 years) with DVHD were compared with the control group including 20 patients (age=57.3±13.9 years) with left ventricle hypertrophy, but no DVHD. Microalbuminuria, blood lipid parameters and hsCRP levels were measured besides routine biochemical tests. Clinical, laboratory and echocardiographic findings were compared between the groups. Results: Total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels were significantly higher in DVHD group (215.26±48.59 mg/dL vs. 177.45±22.47 mg/dL, p=0.001; 45.04±11.03 mg/dL vs. 38.90±11.82 mg/dL, p=0.043 and 138.49±40.69 mg/dL vs. 114.26±16.07 mg/dL, p=0.001) compared with control group. hsCRP and microalbuminuria levels were relatively higher in DVHD group. Conclusion: Hyperlipidaemia is related to DHVD development, and the progress of DHVD may be related to the inflammatory process. Elevated hsCRP levels may be an indicator of pathologies active in DVHD development. Routine echocardiographic analysis in hypertensive patients with high hsCRP and LDL-cholesterol levels might be useful for screening of DVHD. (The Medical Bulletin of Haseki 2015; 53: 62-6)

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate prevalence and severity of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in sexually abused children and in their parents.Materials and methods: Thirty-six sexually abused children and their parents formed the study group. Among children who presented to a first step health care office with various complaints 54 children without any sexual trauma history and with socio-demographical features similar to the study group have been included in the study with their parents as control group. PTSD symptoms of children and their parents were evaluated by post-traumatic stress disorder scales administered by clinicians.Results: Seventy-five percent of the children in the study group and 25 % of the children in the control group were diagnosed at least one psychiatric disorder. PTSD, depression, and anxiety disorder were the most frequent diagnoses in the study group. Frequency of PTSD diagnosis in children and their fathers was 64% and in their mothers 75%. In the control group it was 2% and 8% respectively.Conclusions: PTSD is prevalent in children victimized by sexual abuse and in their parents. In case of a sexual abuse, evaluating only the children does not seem to be sufficient; rather evaluating also their parents would be beneficial.

This article deals with the Kyrgyz lexicography and the dictionaries of the Kyrgyz language, which includes the compilations that Radlov started in the north of the Kyrgyz land in 1860s; the Kyrgyz words that Radlov included in his work Opyt Slovarya Tyurkih Narechey (Attempts for Dictionaries of the Turkish Dialects); the Soviet-era compilation of Yudahin & his group and their Kyrgyzkey-Russkey Slovar (Kyrgyz-Russian Dictionary); and other Kyrgyz dictionaries that has been written until today. The content, design and purpose of those works were explained. <br> <br> Bu makalede Kırgız sözlükçülüğü ve Kırgız Türkçesinin sözlükleri üzerinde durulmuştur. Radlov’un 1860’lı yıllarda Kırgız yurdunun kuzey bölgesinde başlattığı derleme çalışmalarından, yazdığı Opıt Slovarya Tyurskih Nareçiy(Türk Diyalektleri Sözlüğü Denemeleri) adlı çalışmasındaki Kırgız Türkçesine ait kelimelere, Sovyet döneminde Yudahin ve ekibinin yaptığı derleme ve yazdığı Kırgızkiy-Russkiy Slovar(Kırgızca-Rusça Sözlük)’a ve günümüze kadar Kırgız Türkçesiyle yazılan diğer sözlüklere değinilerek, içerikleri, düzenleniş şekilleri ve hangi amaçlarla yazıldıkları hakkında bilgiler verilmiştir.

The purpose of this study was to investigate coherence between classroom teachers’ practices of elementary science and technology curriculum and their beliefs about science education. The study was designed as a qualitative study in which case study method was used. The participants of the study were five classroom teachers whose professional experience was over 15 years. The classes of these teachers were observed throughout one academic year such that three class hours per month. Moreover, the teachers were interviewed and voice-recorder was used. In order to support qualitative data related with beliefs about science education, a science education belief scale was also administered. Therefore, the data was collected through classroom observations, teacher interviews, and the science education belief scale. Descriptive analysis method was used in data analysis. The findings revealed that there was no exact coherence between teachers’ classroom practices of science and technology curriculum and their beliefs about science education. The reasons of inconsistency between teaching practices and beliefs were discussed in light of the findings.

LED, atmalı yüksek akım çalışma modunda kısa süreli, yüksek genlikli akımlarla sürülmektedir. Bu çalışmada, LED’i atmalı yüksek akımlarla süren devrelerin araştırılması yapılmaktadır. Bu anlamda, LED’i sürmekte kullanılan kısa görev süreli ve uzun boşluk süreli atmalar üreten kararsız ikili tümdevreleri veya girişucundan uygun zamanda tetiklendiğinde çıkışında kısa süreli atma üreten tek kararlı ikili tümdevreleri gibi zamanlama tümdevreleri incelenmektedir. LED akımını anahtarlamak için bir anahtarlama devresine ihtiyaç vardır. Anahtarlama devresinde kullanılan anahtarlama yarıiletken etkin elemanının akım kazancı ve doyma gerilimi gibi bazı özelliklerinin önemi ele alınmaktadır. Böyle kısa süreli, yüksek genlikli darbelerde önem kazanan çınlama olayı açıklanmaktadır. Işık şiddetini daha fazla arttırmak için seri ve paralel LED gruplarının nasıl kullanılabildiği gösterilmektedir.

ITP (idiopathic trombocitopenic purpura) is defined as isolated thrombocytopenia which occurs even in normal bone marrow structure without any reason. Splenectomy is an efficient and permanent treatment in treatment-resistant ITP cases. Accesory spleen and splenosis, also known as auto-implantation of spleen, are rare clinical cases that need to be considered in ITP relapses. In this study, a 49 year old woman patient who had splenectomy because of ITP and had ITP relapse stemming from splenosis in postoperative 5th year is presented with literature.

One of the complications of multiple myeloma (MM) is central nervous system (CNS) involvement. Intracranial plasmacytomas are rare and almost always originate from myelomatous lesions of the skull or plasmacytomas involving the clivus or base of the skull. In this study, a 55-year-old male MM patient with headache and diplopia due to skull base mass lesion near the clivus is presented as a rare presentation of MM.

Assisted reproductive technologies(ART) are widely used in the treatment of infertility. Many advances in ART have resulted in higher pregnancy rates for patients. The introduction of embryo cryopreservation and subsequently intracytoplasmic sperm injection(ICSI) in 1992 were the important developments in ART success. Development of preimplantation genetic diagnosis has facilitated the exclusion of genetically abnormal embryos but every development brought new risks about the manipulation of the oocyte, sperm or the embryo. The effects of different technologies used in in-vitro fertilization(IVF) on children conceived through ART are the topics of interest since the birth of the first IVF baby Louise Brown in 1978 and have been examined for years. There are many reasons why IVF babies might be exposed to greater risks than naturally conceived children. ART carries an increased risk of iatrogenic multiple pregnancies, which are associated with a higher rate of prematurity. However, adverse perinatal outcomes are not totally eliminated with applying single embryo transfer policies in daily practice and by reducing multiple pregnancy rates. Singleton children born after ART are also at risk for preterm delivery, low birth weight, neonatal mortality, and neonatal intensive care unit admission when compared to spontaneously conceived children. Technical factors, maternal age and underlying parental subfertility are likely to correlate to this risk but ART children are also at increased risk of congenital malformations even after adjustment for maternal age, subfertility or the parental characteristics. The aim of this review is to summarize perinatal outcomes and the congenital anomaly risk of IVF pregnancies and also examine the risks of different technologies including ICSI, blastocyst culture, and cryopreservation on this topic. [Archives Medical Review Journal 2014; 23(4.000): 575-586]

Heart failure is defined as decreased ability of heart due to various reasons. It%u2019s seen 2-3% but the prevalence increases sharply after the age of seventy. The objectives of nutrition therapy in heart failure are to prevent from water retention and edema, to avoid from hard digestion and to offer a balanced diet. In order to avoid fluid retention and edema, daily sodium and fluid intake must be monitored carefully. Main dilemma of the heart failure patients is the obesity-cachexia dilemma. Since one of the main reasons of heart failure is cardiovascular diseases, in first phase, the patient may be obese. In the later phases, cachexia may show up. It was shown that cachexia is associated with mortality. Within this period, patients should not be over-fed and the patient should pass from catabolic state to anabolic state slowly. If the gastrointestinal track is functional oral/enteral feeding must be preferred. Multi vitamin and mineral supportsmay be beneficial, which may replace the increased loss, increase anti-inflammatory response and be anti-oxidants. Large, controlled and well-designed studies must be conducted in order to evaluate the benefits of nutritional practices such as nutritional assessment, enteral feeding and nutrient supports in heart failure patients.

The period of national literature is a time when Ottoman Empire experienced new tendencies in the field of education. The families of that time tried to find the ways to bring up their children to the best and decided on private schools opened by foreigners and minorities. It is possible to see the demand towards those private schools in the novels of the time. The traces of the educational life of the time are found in the novels of national literature period, and how and in which schools the children of that time were brought up are revealed.<br> <br> Milli Edebiyat dönemi Osmanlı Devleti’nin eğitim alanında yenilikleri uygulamaya çalıştığı bir dönemdir. O dönemin aileleri çocuklarına iyi bir eğitim vermenin yollarını aramışlar, bu arayışın sonucunda yabancıların ve azınlıkların açtıkları özel okullara rağbet göstermişlerdir. Özel okullara gösterilen bu rağbeti dönemin romanlarında da yakalamak mümkündür. Milli Edebiyat dönemi romanlarında o dönemin eğitim hayatının izlerine rastlanmakta, çocukların hangi okullarda ne şekilde öğrenim gördükleri ortaya çıkmaktadır.

Sâkî-nâmes are one of the most given samples in The ClassicalTurkish Literature. A lot of studies have been done about its historicaldevelopment, specifical features, important representatives in theArabian, Persian and Turkish Literature. Thus, many sâki-nâmes havebeen described. Naturally, sâkî-nâmes aren‟t limited to these describedsamples. When the manuscripts in libraries are scanned anew,existence of many manuscripts will be discovered. One of thesemanuscripts is also Zihnî from Baghdat‟s Sâkî-nâme.Written with terci’-i bent versification, the piece consists of fiveclauses and fifty-three couplets. According to the poet, the bade givesthe nurture to the soul and enlightens the mirror of the heart. It is anelixir of immortality. The lover sees the world equal with a full glass ofbade and leaves the two worlds for a glass of bade. His soil has beenembroidered to the glass at the hands of the sake. The lover is drunkwith the wine of satisfaction and wants neither the heaven nor the IremOrchard. The elders wouldn‟t remind of their youth with the presentedwine. The agony in the hearts will never stay no more. The delectation ofthe love bade eliminates the other flavors and the desire. This situationfor the truth rints is a source of pride. Hence, the life mustn‟t be wastedand the divan shouldn‟t be deplored with suicidal agony. For thisreason, the wine should be drunk. This will be also a present to begiven for the life. The advices of Nasih‟s from the point of view “drinkingisn‟t a mental work” aren‟t recognized.In this study, after the content of Zihnî‟s Sâkî-nâme isemphasized clause-by-clause, the transcripted version of the Sâkî-nâmewill be given. <br> Saki-nameler, klasik Türk edebiyatının en çok örnek verilen türlerindendir. Bu türün Arap, Fars ve Türk edebiyatlarındaki tarihi gelişimi, belirli özellikleri, önemli temsilcileri hakkında birçok çalışma yapılmıştır. Böylelikle de birçok saki-name tanıtılmıştır. Elbette saki-nameler, tanıtılmış olan bu örneklerle sınırlı değildir. Kütüphanelerdeki yazma eserler yeniden tarandıkça gün yüzüne çıkmamış birçok eserin varlığı tespit edilecektir. Bu eserlerden biri de Bağdatlı Zihnî‟nin “Saki-name” sidir.Terci„-i bent nazım şekli ile yazılan bu eser, 5 bent ve 53 beyitten oluşmaktadır. Şaire göre bade, ruha gıda verir, gönül aynasını parlatır. Ölümsüzlük iksiridir. Âşık, dolu bir kadehi dünya ile eşdeğer görür ve bir kadeh için iki dünyayı terk eder. Ruhu sakinin elindeki kadehe nakış olarak işlenmiştir. Âşık, şevk şarabının sarhoşudur ve ne cenneti ne de İrem bağını ister. Sunulan şarapla yaşlılar gençleşip gençlik çağlarını anmayacaklardır. Gönüllerde de keder kalmayacaktır. Aşk badesinin lezzetleri başka tatları ve arzusunu ortadan kaldırır. Hakikat rintleri için bu durum övünç kaynağıdır. Dolayısıyla ömür boşa geçirilmemeli, meclis yok edici gamla kederlendirilmemelidir. Bunun için de şarap içilmelidir. Bu da ömre verilecek bir mükâfat olacaktır. Nasihin içki içmek akıl işi değildir gibi nasihatlerine ise itibar edilmez.Bu çalışmada Zihnî‟nin Saki-name‟sinin bent bent muhtevası üzerinde durulduktan sonra, Saki-name‟nin çeviri yazılı metni verilecektir.

Kars ve çevresi, Anadolu âşık tarzı Türk şiir geleneğinin önemli merkezlerinden biridir. “Âşıklık geleneği bitti” denildiği bir dönemde, Kars ve çevresinde yetişen âşıklar, bu geleneğin yeniden canlanmasını sağlamışlardır. Âşık Veysel Şahbazoğlu, 20. yüzyılda Kars’ta yetişmiş usta âşıklardan biridir. Kars’ın Arpaçay ilçesinin Möküz / Üçpınar köyünde 1924 yılında doğan Veysel Şahbazoğlu, çocukluğundan itibaren âşık olmayı ister ve yaşı ilerledikçe âşıklığa olan ilgisi artar. 1947 yılında, 23 yaşında âşıklığa başlayan Şahbazoğlu hem bade içmiş hem de usta çırak ilişkisi içinde yetişmiş, düğünlerin, söz, sohbet meclislerinin aranan âşıklarından biri olmuştur. Veysel Şahbazoğlu, 1979 yılında kan davası yüzünden cinayet işler. Bu cinayetten sonra cezaevine düşer ve artık sanatında da cezaevi günleri başlar. Bu çalışmada, Âşık Veysel Şahbazoğlu’nun cezaevi günlerinin, cezaevinde yazdığı şiirlerine yansıması incelenmiştir. Şahbazoğlu’nun cezaevinde yazmış olduğu şiirlerin hemen hepsine mahpus hayatının izlerinin sindiği, bu şiirlerin mahkûm psikolojisini anlamak açısından belgesel niteliği taşıdığı söylenebilir. Kars and its neighbourhood, is one of the important centers of Turkish poetry tradition and Anatolia lover style. 'The minstrelsy tradition is over' in an era when called, lovers grown in Kars and surrounding area had provided the revival of this tradition. Asik Veysel SAHBAZOGLU who trained in Kars is one of the master lovers in the 20th century. Veysel SAHBAZOGLU, who was born in Möküs/Üçpınar village of Arpaçay town of Kars in 1924, wants to be a bard and his interest in this area increases as he grow up. In 1947, as SAHBAZOGLU who developed interest in minstreksy in 1947 when he was 23 years old was not only dring wine but also he grew up in masterapprentice relationship and he became one of the bards who was desired by people in weddings, word and chat councils. Veysel SAHBAZOGLU murdered in 1979 because of blood feud. After this murder, he ended up inprison, and the prison days also began in his art. In this study, the reflection of Asik Veysel SAHBAZOGLU’s prison days into the poetries he wrote in the prison is investigated. It can be obviously said that the prison life has an affect on his poems written in the prison and these poetries sustain the documentary quality in terms of understanding the physicology of prisoner.

The aim of this study is to analyze financial structure and preference of lodging companies that issues traded in European and Turkish stock markets by using ratio analysis technique. In this context, statements of financial positions of 51 lodging companies from European stock markets and 12 lodging companies from Borsa Istanbul used and calculated 10 financial structure ratios for each company between 2011-2012-2013 years. In the results of ratio analysis, it is determined that Turkish lodging companies use mainly equity while European lodging companies prefer liabilities and debt to finance their activities. In respect to maturity of liabilities it is determined that European lodging companies prefer long term debt while Turkish lodging companies use short term liabilities. Finally, it is determined that European lodging companies use leasing but no Turkish lodging companies to choose leasing.

In this study, the impacts of modernism and postmodernism on public administration have been comperatively examined. This distinction between modernism and postmodernism also expresses different living and thinking ways in point of perceiving and giving meaning to social life. This situation naturally denotes in the field of administration. While bureaucratic organisations become experienced modernism, post-bureaucratic organisations reflect postmodern life in a way that postmodernism rejects modern viewpoint.<br />

Phytobenthos includes bioindicator species and is widely used in water ecology studies. Diatoms constitute one of the most important groups of phytobenthos in streams. In particular, these organisms are good indicators in investigations related with determining of water quality in medium and long time. In this study, the epipelic diatom flora of the lower part of River Melet were investigated, the most important source of drinking water in Ordu city. The examination was performed periodically in March-November 2012 and total of 56 taxa were identified. Cymbellales (14 taxa) and Naviculales (16 taxa) ordo constituted 54% of diatom diversity. These were followed by Fragilariales (16%, 9 taxa) Bacillariales (14%, 8 taxa) Surirellales (9%, 5 taxa) Achnanthales (3%, 2 taxa) Eunotiales (2%, 1 taxa) and Melosirales (2%, 1 taxa), respectively. Diatome vulgaris, Melosira varians, Navicula gregaria, N. tripunctata and Nitzschia sigmoidea species were recorded as widespread and intense in the epipelic communities. These species are usually tolerant to organic pollution and are found in β-α- mesosaprobic conditions. According to the obtained results, the lower part of the Melet River has character from pollution towards moderate pollution. In other words, it has II-III. class water quality.

The etiological role of microbial factors has been hypothesized by Dr. Hulusi Behçet while he first described the entitiy. Although mechanisms of disease have not been clarified so far, significant data regarding the importance of microbial factors has been obtained. This data is concentrated mainly on oral health, oral flora elements and Streptococci. Accordingly, the role of oral health and microbial factors in the aetiology of the disease will be discussed in the first part of this review. Then, oral health care related topics will be highlighted for clinicians who treat and follow patients with Behcet’s disease.

Dressler Syndrome (DS) is a febrile illness secondary to an inflammatory reaction involving the pleura and pericardium. It is more common in patients who have undergone surgery that involves opening the pericardium. However, DS has also been described following myocardial infarction and as an unusual complication after percutaneous procedures such as coronary stent implantation, after implantation of epicardial pacemaker leads and transvenous pacemaker leads, and following blunt trauma, stab wounds, and heart puncture. Pericardial effusions often accompany the syndrome and may develop into early or late postoperative cardiac tamponade and even recurrent cardiac tamponade. The syndrome is also characterized by pericardial or pleuritic pain, pleural effusions, pneumonitis, and abnormal ECG and radiography findings.

An important part of the text on the side of south and east of Köl Tigin Inscription has been transcribed with many changes to the side of north and east of Bilge Kağan Inscription protecting sentences and words greatly. Many changes have been also made about especially marking of vowels during this transcription. With the aim of determining emerged changes during re-construction of text taking into consideration lucidity and wideness of writing sphere on Bilge Kağan Inscription, firstly, shared text in Inscription of Köl Tigin and Bilge Kağan has been compared as relating to writing of vowels and then evaluated by determining these changes. Köl Tigin Yazıtı’nın güney ve doğu yüzlerindeki metnin önemli bir kısmı, Bilge Kağan Yazıtı’nın kuzey ve doğu yüzlerine, cümleler ve kelimeler büyük oranda korunarak, birtakım değişikliklerle aktarılmıştır. Bu aktarma sırasında özellikle ünlülerin işaretlenmesiyle ilgili de birtakım değişiklikler yapılmıştır. Bu çalışmada Bilge Kağan Yazıtı üzerindeki yazı alanının genişliği ve anlaşılabilirlik dikkate alınarak metnin tekrar yapılandırılması sırasında ortaya çıkan bu farklılıkların belirlenmesi amacıyla, önce Köl Tigin ve Bilge Kağan yazıtlarındaki ortak metin, ünlülerin yazımıyla ilgili olarak karşılaştırılmış; ardından da yapılan değişiklikler tespit edilerek değerlendirilmiştir.

The concept of gender plays an evident role in arranging the social structure. It is observed that societies are commonly arranged with a matriarchal structure or a patriarchal structure.In matriarchal structure, women are in a respected position that has a social power. On the contrary, patriarchal structure operates with an understanding that men are superior. Patriarchal structures reign inversely proportional to the civilization level of the society especially in the societies in which monotheistic religions are practiced. It is believed that bloodline is continued over men. The perception, which considers man as a seed and woman as soil, reduces the women to a carrier for continuing the human bloodline. This perception affects human relations to a great extent. Social and legal norms, which are formed in order to maintain the social order, are formed and practiced within the scope of this perception. Social order is regarded as normal in view of this perception. Socialization materializes in compliance with this perception, and values are reproduced in accordance with this perception. These are all actions which are performed in a communicative sense.Blended with violence; blood feud; honor killing; ‘berdel’ (the bartering of women between families to avoid paying dowry related expenses to each other); similar practices and cultural structure, the patriarchal understanding becomes the language of daily life in the extent of communicative action.Customary and honor killings – which are performed with the discourse of honor, customary, and pride that were conveyed to other regions and countries with the internal and the external migration commonly practiced especially in the Eastern and Southeastern regions of Turkey – are types of violence that are emerged with the patriarchal structure as a communicative action; they are fed by ignorance; and they have an economic background.In this study, an attempt will be made to question the reasons for the customary and honor killings which are currently highlighted in the media and to analyze the social structure in the societies in which these killing are performed, and as an aim to find a solution to this problem, the issue will be discussed with the following questions; Is violence a communicative action? When and why does violence become a communicative action?

INTRODUCTION[|]In this study, determination of microbiological quality of several kinds of ready-to-eat meals and their risk in means of foodborne infections, were aimed.[¤]METHODS[|]Total of 666 ready-to-eat meals available for consumption, were examined. These products were examined in means of the parameters; Salmonella spp. (TS EN ISO 6579), Listeria monocytogenes (TS EN ISO 11290-1), Escherichia coli O157 (TS EN ISO 16654), thermotolerant Campylobacter spp. (TS EN ISO 10272), Bacillus cereus (TS EN ISO 7932), coagulase positive staphylococci (TS EN ISO 6888-1), sulfite reducing anaerobic bacteria (ISO 15253), E. coli (Bacteriological Analytical Manual), molds-yeasts (TS EN ISO 21527- 1 ve 21527-2) and staphylococcal enterotoxin (3M Tecra) parametres as it was stated in Regulation on Microbiological Criteria for Foods.[¤]RESULTS[|]612 (92%) of the investigated ready-toeat meals were found in accordance with the food safety criteria and limits of pathogenic microorganisms mentioned in the Regulation, while 54 of them (8%) were found unsuitable for consumption. In none of the samples Salmonella spp., L. monocytogenes, E. coli O157 and thermotolerant Campylobacter spp. were not detected. In the study, number of the ready-to-eat meals which were not complying the limits specified in the regulations in terms of B. cereus (1x103 - 5.7x104 cfu/g) was 30. The number of ready to eat meals which were above limits for E. coli (1.5x101 - >1.1x103 MPN/g), staphylococcal enterotoxin and sulphite reducing anaerobic bacteria (1.6x103 - >3x104 cfu/g), were found as; 14, 6 and 5, respectively. While one sample was found unsuitable for consumption in means of coagulase positive staphylococci (4x103 cfu/g), another sample was found unsuitable for consumption in means of total mold and yeast counts (2.6x104 cfu/g).[¤]DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION[|]According to the data obtained in this study, microbiological quality of the ready-to-eat meals were found mostly good. The meals which were found unsuitable for consumption in means of the parameters not complying the limits showed differences depending on the kind of the food sample. In this study, it was found that ready-to-eat meals served after reheating carry risk in means of B. cereus, staphylococcal enterotoxin and sulphite reducing anaerobic bacteria parameters. Additionally, cold meals like salads, apetizers and cooked bakery products were found to carry risk in terms of the parameters; E. coli and coagulase positive staphylococci.[¤]

Culture, by virtue of its values, is a dynamic element that direct business life. Proverbs are of cultural values. Although the proverbs have not any binding force, it is possible to mention their leading roles. Management paradigms, on the other hand, are also dynamics that lead the business life. Therefore, it is clear that the two are elements of business life that lead productivity. This study aims to analyze the relationships and the contents of the two.

Aim: In this study, we aimed to determine the ratio of thyroid hormone disorders in subjects with allergic rhinitis and investigate the association between these two diseases. Material and Method: 62 patients who presented with symptoms of allergic rhinitis and have positive skin prick test and 62 patients as a control group were included in the study to examine thyroid hormone disorders. Results: Mean age of patients with allergic rhinitis were 43.20 ± 18.55. 54.4% of the patients were females and 45.6% of the patients were males. Thyroid hormone results were; 2.33 ± 1.69 for FT3, 2.40 ± 1.96 for FT4, 4.49 ± 3.61 for TSH. Subclinical hyperthyroidism, euthyroidism,subclinical hypothyroidism and clinical hypothyroidism were detected in 4.8%, 61.4 %,29% and 4.8% of patients,respectively. Mean age of patients with allergic rhinitis were 40.03 ± 17.7. 55% of the patients were females and 45% of the patients were males. Thyroid hormone results were; 2 , 21 ± 1.45 for FT3, 2 , 40 ± 1.81 for FT4, 4. 22 ± 4.37 for TSH. Subclinical hyperthyroidism, euthyroidism,subclinical hypothyroidism and clinical hypothyroidism were detected in 9.5%, 68.3 %,12.7% and 9.5% of patients,respectively. There was no difference between patient and control groups in terms of hypothyroidism, euthyroidism and hyperthyroidism (p = 0.35). There was no difference between genders in terms of hypothyroidism, euthyroidism and hyperthyroidism(p = 0.40). Discussion: No deterioration in thyroid functions were found in patients with symptoms of allergicrhinitis.

This article, based on consular reports from the British vice- consulate at the Dardanelles, examines a proposed railway from the Dardanelles to Smyrna to be built with French capital. The Dardanelles- Smyrna main line would run through Ezine, Ayvacik, Edremit Burhaniye, Ayvalik, Dikili, and Aliaga with a branch line passing via Ezine- Karabiga through Bayramic and Canpazari.

Turkish is a rich language in terms of verb types and words. This research is limited to Turkish spoken in Turkey, and its verb roots. Turkish dictionary of Turkish Language Association (2011) is the main source of this study. This study was prepared by taking into account of written, audio and visual resources during the period of Turkish spoken in Turkey. From basic education to university education, this dictionary is one of the most important sources of Turkish lessons. Within this framework, the verb roots that are in the dictionary have been accepted as Turkish spoken in Turkey’s verb roots and study field were established.The number of verb roots which wasn’t encountered in any source, including Turkish language grammar books previously, were determined in this study and these verb roots were classified in terms of structure and meaning. In terms of structure, the verb roots consist of at least two sounds at most six sounds but among these verb roots three-and four-sounded ones are outnumbered. And also in terms of their meaning features single and multi meaning verb roots are determined. In addition to this, this study focuses on the mental verb roots which have also drawn attention on them by the recently done Turkish researches and emphasized on the root verbs. This study was carried out on the basis of common methods in Turkish studies, but in the objective and outcome parts the lack of Turkish course books and teaching Turkish verb roots are emphasized. Verb type words in general in all languages but in particularly in Turkish form the staff of the basic words of Turkish language. In terms of Turkish which is an agglutinative language, affixes are as important as word roots. Turkish language that is rich in affixes and roots has a productive character. Attention was taken to this aspect of Turkish with the help of verb roots All in all, the subject of this study deserves to be highlighted in many ways. Besides providing new research data, emphasis was made in terms of teaching Turkish and aimed to contribute to the world of science.

In this letter to the editor, a possible etiologic relationship between microchimerism and psychotic disorders has been hypothezied and several study proposals that could be used in the testing of this hypothesis has been suggested.

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mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";} </style> <![endif]--> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; color: black;" lang="EN-US">This descriptive research was carried out to determine the demographic characteristics that effect of healthy life style behavior of the students at Uludağ University. The study sample included 336 students in School of Health. <span>The h</span>ealthy life style behavior scale (HLSB-II) was used to measure <span>h</span>ealthy life style behaviors. </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; color: black;" lang="EN-US"><span> </span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span>The total scores </span>HLSB<span> scale-II of students (</span>128.97 &plusmn;16.40<span>), subscales health responsibility (</span>29.75 &plusmn; 4.19<span>), </span><span>physical activity</span><span> (</span>16.60 &plusmn; 4.24<span>), nutrition (</span>19.40 &plusmn; 3.73<span>),</span> spiritual growth (26.93 &plusmn; 4.06),<span> </span>interpersonal relationships<span> (</span>26.16 &plusmn; 4.25<span>) and </span>stress management <span>(</span>19.44 &plusmn; 3.57<span>) were found. </span><span>The student nurses performed the best in </span>health responsibility <span>but the worst in physical activity. </span>It was also found that girls more than men have a high average in total average. Students' income level is found to influence the ability to deal with the nutrition. </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; color: black;" lang="EN-US"><span> </span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>As a result, <span>h</span>ealthy life style behavior <span>of students was generally found to be medium level in this study.</span> Students<span> should be empowered to make healthy choices, and appropriate health education interventions should be developed.</span></span></p>

<p>Bu çalışmada, öğretmen adaylarının sosyo-kültürel özellikleri ve öğretmenlik mesleğine<br />yönelik tutumları ile bu tutumların, sosyo-kültürel özelliklerine göre farklılaşıp farklılaşmadığı<br />belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Çalışma grubunu, 2002-2003 Öğretim Yılında, H.Ü. Sınıf Öğretmenliği<br />Ana Bilim Dalı’nda öğrenim gören 468 kız, 124 erkek, toplam 592 öğretmen adayı oluşturmuştur.<br />Çalışma sonucunda, adayların öğretmenlik mesleğine yönelik tutumları yüksek (<br />=43,19)<br />bulunmuştur. Adaylarda, annelerin % 52’si, babaların % 32’si ilkokul mezunu, annelerin % 78’i ev<br />kadını, babaların %22’si serbest meslek sahibidir. Adayların % 36’sının aile geliri 250-500 milyon TL<br />arasındadır. Çalışma sonuçlara göre, adaylarının tutum puanı ortalamaları kız adayların lehine anlamlı<br />farklılık gösterirken, tercih sıralarına göre farklılık bulunamamıştır. Tutum puanları ortalamaları<br />arasında annenin eğitim durumuna göre anlamlı farklılık gözlenmezken, babanın eğitim durumunda <br />ise farklılığın okur yazar ile okumaz-yazmaz, ilkokul, ortaokul, lise ve üniversite mezunları arasında<br />okur-yazarın aleyhine olduğu anlaşılmıştı<br />r. Adayların anne ve babalarının meslekleri ve ailelerin gelir <br />durumları açısından bakıldığında, tutum puanlarında farklılaşma görülmemiştir. <br />Anahtar kelimeler: Tutum, öğretmenlik mesleğine yönelik tutum, sosyo-kültürel özellikler ve tutum.</p>

Because a lot of unqualified workmen work in construction area some damages occurs at buildings. So training of workman is very important about safety of construction. This provide with internal professional educations and with setting periodic proficiency courses. Thus, the workman will know to provide technical privation of his work and will have the skill about following of standards. At that course, lessons should be at a standard level that workman, can understand easily. Health of workman, safety of work, productivity, site organization and function are some of important topics at building sites. Moreover, competences and duty limits of staff should be examined.

Fahr’s disease is a rare disorder where bilateral, almost symmetric, calcium and other mineral deposits occur in basal ganglia, cerebellar dentate nucleus and white matter. Common clinical findings of the disease are characterizing parkinsonism, dystonia, chorea, ataxia and psychiatric symptoms. Fahr’s disease is associated with various metabolic disorders especially with parathyroid disorders. In this article a 65 year old female patient with vision loss and headache, bilateral basal ganglia and cerebellar calsification on Computerized Tomography examination and a 45 year old female patient with convulsive state and bilateral caudat nucleus calcification on Computerized Tomography examination were reported.

Objective: Botulinum toxin type-A (BoNTA) has been considered a treatment option for CH. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of BoNTA treatment in patients with medically resistant CH.Materials and Methods: Forty patients with CH were included in the study. Patients in the BoNTA group (n=20) were administered 10 U of BoNTA bilaterally to the frontal muscles, 20 U to the temporal muscles, 15 U to the semispinalis capitis, 15 U to the splenius capitis, and 15 U to the trapezius muscles (total: 150 U). Patients in the placebo group (n=20) received 0.2 mL of saline administrated to the same sites. All participations were evaluated 6 and 12 weeks after treatment; side effects, the number of painful days, severity (by visual analogue scale, VAS) and frequency of pain were evaluated.Results: In the BoNTA group, the severity and frequency of pain 6 and 12 weeks post treatment were significantly lower than pre-treatment levels (p<0.05). At 12 weeks post treatment, the severity and frequency of pain in the BoNTA group were lower than in the placebo group (p<0.05). Conclusion: The findings suggest that BoNTA was an effective treatment for CH.

Aim. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic, progressive, inflammatory disease. Oxidative stress and airway inflammation are its main pathophysiologic components. In this study, our aim was to investigate the effect of an angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) telmisartan which also exerts antiinflammatory effects on inflammation and oxidative stress in COPD. Method. The study group consisted of 50 stable COPD patients including 25 telmisartan users. Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) samples of the cases were collected using an EBC collecting device (Ecoscreen, Jaeger, Germany). EBC samples were analyzed and 8-isoprostane levels were measured using an enzyme immunoassay method (Cayman Chemical Co. Michigan, USA). Results. Any intergroup difference as for mean age, distribution of gender and smoking were not found. In telmisartan users, and nonusers mean 8-isoprostane levels were 33.98 and 35.91 pg/mL, respectively with a statistically significant intergroup difference (p<0.001) Conclusion. We think that ARBs decrease oxidative stress and inflammation, and thus exert favourable effects on the pathophysiology and progression of COPD.

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of postpartum depression (PPD) and associated factors in patients who have given birth in our clinic. Methods: This was a prospective controlled study including 482 cases. All the subjects were evaluated using the Beck depression inventory during antenatal period and those with a Beck depression inventory score of higher than 17 were excluded. Hence, we included 431 subjects. Age, duration and number of marriage, education level, economic status, personal factors as well as the factors associated with labor and newborn were investigated. These factors were compared between women with and without PPD by using Pearson’s chi-square test. The factors which increased PPD were also investigated by using multivariate analysis. A p value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: PPD was observed in 34.8% of subjects (n=150). Previous marriage, continuous drug use and newborn taken to intensive care unit increased the incidence of PPD three times (p=0.003), 2.5 times (p=0.018), and 4.3 times (p=0.005), respectively. Conclusion: Economic, personal and labor-associated factors can increase PPD. These factors should be taken into consideration after birth and psychiatric consultation should be requested if necessary.

Energy has both vital and strategically important features. It is known that 26% of the energy consumed worldwide consists of natural gas. Since it is used so commonly, there are lots of parameters related to the junction process of polyethylene based pipes and fitting members used in natural gas transfer. There is no doubt that inappropriate choices of these parameters will cause substantial damages of no return. In this study, natural gas pipes (Pe 80 and Pe 100) are joined by hot butt-welding and some tests are performed in accordance with the parameters and conditions determined by standards. In light of data collected, it is analyzed if hot butt-welding has the necessary characteristics to meet the standards for plastic pipe junction. The researches revealed that hot butt-welding method is a valid method for plastic pipe junction, and cheaper than other methods used. Also, during the experimental studies, changes in welding quality are observed depending on the pipe density.

In this study general characteristic of main (Kök)Türk typography models that used on scientific works, reflections of appearance on inscriptions and idealized designs were examined by comparing. Based on these comparisons a font (.ttf) model for trial was introduced Kemçik-Çıgrak inscription before published O. DONNER, H. N. ORKUN, S. Ye. MALOV, İ. A. BATMANOV, E. RECEBOV - Y. MEMMEDOV, İ. V. KORMUŞİN and E. AYDIN’s typography models on works and photos, estampaj and drawings / pictures which situated on D. D. VASILYEV, O. N. TUNA and electronic database TÜRİK BİTİG. Bu çalışmada bilimsel eserlerde kullanılan belli başlı (Kök) Türk tipografi modellerinin genel özellikleri, yazıtlardaki görünümlerinin yansımaları ve idealize edilmiş tasarımları karşılaştırılarak incelemeye sunulmuştur. Bu karşılaştırmalardan hareketle Kemçik-Çıgrak yazıtını daha önce yayımlayanlardan O. DONNER, H. N. ORKUN, S. Ye. MALOV, İ. A. BATMANOV, E. RECEBOV - Y. MEMMEDOV, İ. V. KORMUŞİN ve E. AYDIN’ın eserlerindeki tipografi modelleri ile D. D. VASILYEV, O. N. TUNA ve elektronik veritabanı TÜRİK BİTİG’de yer alan fotoğraf, estampaj ve çizim/resimlerin incelenmesi sonucu oluşturulan deneme amaçlı bir font (.ttf) modeli ortaya konulmuştur.

SSCB’nin yıkılmasından sonra yeni kurulan devletlerin demokratikleşme süreçleri büyük dikkat çekti. Yıllardır komünist rejim altında idare edilmenin sonrasında bu devletler kendi ulusal hassasiyetlerini devlet inşa süreçlerine adapte etmeyi denediler. Milliyetçi eğilimler demokratik kurumların ortaya çıkmasını hem desteklemiş hem de engellemiştir. Bir devletin demokratik değerlerin mutlak önşartlarını kristalize etmeyi başaramadığı durumda, radikalleşen milliyetçi eğilimler, toplumsal farklılıkların ve diyalog ortamının aşınması sonucunda demokrasi olgulaşmamıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı DağlıkKarabağ çatışmasının Ermenistanın demokratikleşme sürecindeki rolünü anlamaktır. Milliyetçi hareketlerin radikalleşmesi ve milliyetçi değerlerin çatışmacı tarzı demokratikleşme sürecini engelleyerek otoriter rejimleri güçlendirmiştir.

The aim of this study is to make a descriptive analysis on the moral side of leadership and point out diverse perspectives on the moral leadership literature. In this study, the importance and responsibility of leadership in creating and managing an ethical workplace also will be under discussion.

<p>Abstract</p><p>Tessitura, the density of the notes in the voice field, has a great importance for both playing and teaching music. During recent years, due to the spreading of computer usage in musical researches, the number of analysis increased and the importance of tessitura has been understood better. This study aims to determine the appropriateness of Rast maqam for the violin by comparing the voice ranges and the tessituras of Rast and violin. In  this  study 50 compositions in Rast maqam and 200 violin etudes consist of 100 major and 100 minor etudes which have been chosen randomly are used. The tessituras and the voice ranges of Rast maqam and violin are shown in the tables, the similarities and the differences are defined and the appropriateness of Rast maqam to the violin instrument is researched. To define the appropriateness between them, Pearson corelation, r, which, is a frequently used technique in measuring the musical similarities. As the result of the study, some differencies caused of belonging to different cultures are determined while some similarities can also be seen. This study is important because of using the statistical analysis methods and including both Traditional Turkish Classic musical maqams from the different point of views with different methods.</p><p> </p><p>Özet</p><p>Müzikte gerek icra gerekse eğitim-öğretim açısından ezgilerin ses alanı içindeki nota yoğunlukları (tessitura) büyük önem taşımaktadır. Son yıllarda, müzik araştırmalarında bilgisayar kullanımının daha da yaygınlaşmasıyla analiz çalışmaları artmış ve tessituranın önemi daha iyi anlaşılmaya başlamıştır. Bu çalışma, Rast makamının ses alanı ve  tessiturasını kemanın ses alanı ve tessiturasıyla karşılaştırılarak Rast makamının kemana uygunluğunu belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışmada, Türkiye’de müzik okullarında keman eğitiminde kullanılan, rastgele seçilen 100 Majör, 100 minör olmak üzere toplam 200 keman etüdü ve 50 Rast şarkı kullanılmıştır. Rast makamının ve kemanın, ses alanları ve tessitura özellikleri tablolarla gösterilmiş, aralarındaki benzerlik ve farklılıklar belirlenmiş ve karşılaştırma yapılarak Rast makamının keman çalgısına uygunluk durumu araştırılmıştır. Uygunluk durumunu belirlemede, müzikte melodik benzerliklerin ölçülmesinde sıkça kullanılan istatistiksel bir teknik olan Pearson korelasyon katsayısı, r, kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın sonucunda, iki grup arasında bir taraftan benzerlikler görülürken diğer taraftan da başka kültürlere ait olmanın getirdiği farklılıklar saptanmıştır. Bu çalışma, Geleneksel Türk Sanat Müziği ve Batı müziğinin her ikisini de kapsaması, G.T.S.M. makamları üzerinde daha önce çalışılmamış konuların farklı açılardan ve farklı yöntemlerle ele alınması ve çalışmada istatistiksel analiz yöntemlerinin kullanılması açılarından önem taşımaktadır.</p>

OBJECTIVE: We compared the efficacy and safety of 12 months of three different treatment regimens. MATERIAL and METHODS: We retrospectively investigated the pathological and clinical features of 70 patients with FSGS confirmed by biopsy. Patients with secondary FSGS, estimated glomerular filtration rate <30 mL/min/1.73 m2 and history of diabetes mellitus were excluded. Eligible 51 patients were randomly assigned to receive treatment with renin–angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitors (group 1, n=13), steroid (group 2, n=22) or steroid + Cyclosporine (CsA) (group 3, n=16). RESULTS: At the end of the one year, remission ocurred in 7 patients (53.8%) (4 complete and 3 partial) in group 1, 15 patients (68%) (12 complete and 3 partial) in group 2 and 8 patients (50%) (6 complete and 2 partial) in group 3 (p=0.483). The baseline proteinuria levels of patients in group 2 (5.41±3.91 g/day) and group 3 (5.96±4.83 g/day) were significantly decreased to 2.03±3.16 g/day (p=0.004) and 2.03±2.40 g/day (p=0.012), respectively. However, the baseline proteinuria levels of patients in group 1 were not significantly decreased at one year of treatment. CONCLUSION: Steroid treatment or CsA in combination with low-dose steroids show similar efficacy in inducing remission in patients with idiopathic FSGS.

In this study, nine Stories Texts in Main Turkish Course Books for 6th, 7th and 8th grades have been scrutinized by means of linguistic methods and techniques; and it has been aimed to determine the effects of these texts on primary school students’ comprehension-level. These Stories Texts have been studied at three levels surface-structure, narrative-structure and deep-structure, and these stories have been analyzed by syntagmatic and systemic reading methods. These texts have been evaulated as a whole in this examination from concrete to abstract; it has not been considered enunciation subject’s idea, life and other works. In this regard, the study differs from studies on traditional literature. Questionnaires suitable for classes at 6th, 7th and 8th grades have been prepared by associating the data obtained after the studies with gains in the Turkish teaching programme. The questionnaires have been applied in six primary schools with different social-economic status in the center of Malatya. The study has aimed to determine characteristics to constitute a certain frame for selecting stories to be used in teaching mother-tangue. <br> <br> Bu çalışmada 6, 7 ve 8. sınıflar Türkçe ders kitaplarındaki dokuz öykü metin dil bilim yöntem ve teknikleriyle incelenmiş; bu öykülerin öğrencilerin anlama düzeylerine etkileri belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Bu öyküler metin dil bilimin öngördüğü doğrultuda yüzeysel, anlatısal ve derin yapı olmak üzere üç düzeyde ele alınmış; dizimsel ve dizgesel okuma yöntemleriyle çözümlenmiştir. Somuttan soyuta doğru yapılan bu incelemede metin bir bütün olarak değerlendirilmiş; sözcelem öznesinin düşünce yapısı, yaşamı, diğer yapıtları dikkate alınmamıştır. Bu yönü ile bu çalışma geleneksel incelemelerden ayrılmaktadır. Yapılan inceleme sonucunda elde edilen veriler yeni Türkçe öğretim programındaki kazanımlarla da ilişkilendirilerek 6, 7 ve 8. sınıflar düzeyinde anketler hazırlanmıştır. Hazırlanan bu anketler Malatya il merkezindeki farklı sosyoekonomik yapıya sahip altı ilköğretim okulunda uygulanmıştır. Çalışma, ana dili öğretiminde kullanılacak öykülerin seçilmesinde belirli bir çerçeve belirlemeyi amaçlamıştır.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 33.55pt; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">This study aims to investigate the physical performance parameters and to determine the profiles of children aged 12-14 years and attending the secondary stage of public schools in Izmir province. The study included a total of 650 voluntary students (323 girls, and 327 boys) attending the 6^th, 7^th and 8^th classes. Physical parameters of students were evaluated with tests selected from <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Fitnessgram, American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance (AAHPERD) and Eurofit Test Battery (Muscle Strength: hand grip strength, standing long jump; Muscle Resistance: pull-up; Flexibility: sit and reach test; Cardiovascular Endurance:1 mile running test (1609 m endurance running); Speed: 30 m sprint).</span></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 33.55pt; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US">Statistical analysis of data was made by Two-Way Variance Analysis in SPSS 15.0 packet software, and Further </span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US">Bonferroni analysis was used for age. </span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 33.55pt; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span class="texhtml"><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">As a result of the study, performance parameters of children aged 12-14 years were determined to be lower than those reported by similar studies made on the same age group. Among the reasons, there are lack of physical activity, sedentary lifestyle, inadequate physical education and sport class and the reflections of education system. </span></span></span></span></p>

<p>Bir dilde cümlenin esas anlamının korunarak çeşitli gramer kalıplarıyla aktarılabilmesi, o dildeki zengin ifade biçimlerine işaret etmektedir. Rus dili aktarılmak istenen söylemin farklı yollarla ifade edilebilmesi olanağına sahip özelliğiyle ifade çeşitliliği açısından zenginlik arz eden dillerdendir. Rusça’nın bu özelliği kullanımda belirli koşullarda birbirlerinin yerine geçebilen, anlam açısından birbirine yakın olan ancak her biri kendine has özelliklere sahip sıfat-fiil, zarf-fiil, isim-fiil gibi farklı gramer kalıplarıyla oluşturulabilen paralel cümle kavramına işaret etmektedir. Rusça’daki paralel cümleler çeşitli dil öğeleriyle oluşturulabilmelerinin yanı sıra konuşma dili ve yazı dili olarak kullanım alanı açısından da birbirinden ayrılabilmekte, bu ise cümlenin kullanımdaki tercih koşullarına etki etmektedir. Bir ifadenin farklı yollarla aktarılabilme özelliği, özellikle çeviri sırasında çevirmene ya da konuşana mevcut çeşitli alternatifler sayesinde belirtilmek isteneni dile getirmede kolaylık sağlayabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada yapı ve işlev olarak farklılık gösteren ancak anlam açısından benzerlik arz eden Rusça’daki paralel cümle kavramı, kullanım alanları ve kuralları içerisinde ele alınacaktır. Öte yandan bu cümlelerin çevirideki yansımaları, olası alternatif cümle örnekleriyle Sabahattin Ali’nin ilk kez 1990 yılında Rusça’ya çevrilmiş olan Kürk Mantolu Madonna adlı eseri üzerinde incelenecektir. </p>

<div><p><strong><em>Batı dünyası ile karşılaştırıldığında ikiyüz yıldan fazla bir zaman sonra Türk basın tarihinin başlangıcından söz etmemiz mümkündür. Öncelikli olarak Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nun çöküş dönemi içerisinde ilk gazeteler ortaya çıkmıştır, daha sonra ise Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin kurulması ile birlikte farklı bir dönemin başlangıcına yönelik ilk tohumlar atılmıştır. Dönemsel olarak ve dönemin şartlarına bağlı bir süreç içerisinde değerlendirilmesi gereken Türk basın tarihi, kendi içinde birtakım siyasal ve sosyal gelişmeler ışığında birbirinden ayrışmaktadır. Her dönemin kendi içerisinde çeşitli farklılıkları ve dikkate değer gelişmeleri olmasına karşın, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti tarihi içerisinde oldukça önemli bir döneme tekabül eden ve çok partili sisteme geçiş sonrası ilk demokrasi ‘denemelerini’ içeren 1950-1960 dönemi, hem siyasi anlamda birçok gelişmeyi içerisinde barındırmakta hem de Türk basın tarihi için çok önemli gelişmelerin yaşandığı bir dönem olarak değerlendirilmelidir. Adnan Menderes başkanlığındaki Demokrat Parti’nin 10 yıllık bu dönem içerisinde basına karşı olan tutum ve davranışlarının, elindeki siyasi gücün artmasına paralel olarak gösterdiği değişkenlik ve basına karşı uygulanan sansür, bu çalışmamın ana konusudur. Buna bağlı olarak bu çalışmada, öncelikli olarak Türk basın tarihinde Demokrat Parti öncesine ait döneme ilişkin kısa bilgiler verilecektir. Daha sonra ise, 1950-1960 yılları arasındaki siyasi, sosyal ve ekonomik gelişmeler paralelinde Demokrat Parti’nin basına karşı olan uygulamaları üzerine incelemeler yapılacak ve sansür hareketlerine ilişkin değerlendirmeler ve analizler gerçekleştirilecektir.</em></strong></p></div>-<div><p><strong><em>When compared with the Western world; we could talk about the beginning of the history of Turkish press after more than two hundred years. Primarily; the very first newspapers have come on the scene in the Occupation and Partitioning Era of the Ottoman Empire, following that first slight movements of a different era were seen with the creation of Republic of Turkey. Turkish press, where should be considered in a process based on different periods and depending on the conditions of the period, dissociates within itself in the light of some political and social developments. Although every period has various differences and notable developments in itself, the 1950-1960 Era, which corresponds to a very important period in the history of Republic of Turkey and contains the very first democracy ‘attempts’ in transition period to multi-party system, both harbors numerous political developments and should be regarded as a period where considerable developments took place for the history of Turkish press. The main subject of my study is, in this period of 10 years Democratic Party’s, led by Adnan Menderes, attitudes and behavior to the press, the change in parallel with increase in its political power and censorship against press are the main subjects of my study. Accordingly in this study, firstly brief information will be given regarding pre-Democratic Party Era in History of Turkish Press. Later, in line with the political, social and economic developments between 1950-1960, analysis and assessments will be made regarding Democratic Party’s enforcement to the press and censorship actions. </em></strong></p></div>

In this study, freshwater Oligochaeta samples which were collected between the years 1985 and 1999 from different localities in Turkish Thrace were evaluated taxonomically. A total of 11 Oligochaeta species were determined. Also, all printed taxonomical studies on aquatic and semi-aquatic Oligochaeta fauna which were performed in Turkish Thrace until the present were discussed in this paper. As a result, it was gathered that a total of 37 species belonging Oligo¬chaeta have been reported from Turkish Thrace. While the family Naididae was the most en¬countered group with 27 species, it was followed by the family Enchytraeidae with 7 species. The families Haplotaxidae, Lumbricidae, and Propappidae were represented by only one spe-cies in Turkish Thrace.

The purpose of this study is to introduce “IRTPRO 2.1 for Windows” computer software which enables to perform analysis based on different item response theory (IRT) models. In this context, the study is focused on the necessary hardware features for IRTPRO 2.1 software, access to the program, running the program, analysis, output files, the goodness of fit index and descriptive statistics. In addition, sample applications are made with simulative data belonging different structures including 20 items and 2000 examinees. Based on the obtained results it is intended to provide information about the amount of time needed to analyze different IRT models. As a result of compilations and experiences of researchers, a prior knowledge have tried to give about IRTPRO 2.1, the advantages and disadvantages of the program were discussed. IRTPRO 2.1 is a practical software and allows to execute functions, which can be performed by several softwares for data analysis based on IRT, with one program. Researchers who wish to make use this program in their research are recommended to investigate the trial version of the software in terms of strengths and limitations and then decide whether to buy a licens

Adequate and balanced nutrition together with appropriate weight gain during pregnancy is important for being protected from short and long term complications. During pregnancy energy and nutrition requirements increase. Sufficient intake of nutrients has important effects on both the mother's and the developing fetus's health. Deficient or excessive intakes of important vitamins can increase the risk of maternal and fetal health problems. Folic acid, vitamin B12, vitamin A, vitamin D, or antioxidant vitamins (vitamin E and C) deficiencies can cause fetal growth and developmental disorders in addition to pregnancy complications such as preeclampsia and gestational diabetes. Moreover, insufficient intake of these vitamins during maternal period increases the risk of permanent health problems for the baby. Additionally, it is stated that vitamin deficiencies during the maternal period can have negative effects even on cognitional development of the children. Nowadays, only folic acid supplementation is applied to prevent the risk of neural tube defect, and recently studies are being conducted on vitamin supplementations in the maternal stage. It is stated that the effects of folic acid together with vitamin B12 on lowering the homocysteine levels can protect against the risks of insufficient fetal growth and low birth weight. Additionally, it is reported that vitamin D can be protective against bone development problems, diabetes, preeclampsia, inflammation, and infection. Studies carried on vitamins E and C (antioxidant vitamins) were focused on their effects on preventing the risk of preeclampsia. Therefore, further studies are needed to determine the exact effects and mechanisms of vitamins during the maternal period. Future research in this area may lead to successful vitamin supplementation practices during pregnancies in the future. Nowadays, following a sufficient and balance diet starting at pre-gestational period leads to early determination of vitamin deficiencies and can decrease the risk of problems that may arise during pregnancy. This review was aimed to evaluate the physiological functions and effects of vitamins B12, folic acid, A, D, E, and C on the mother's and the fetus's health.

Objectives: To assess the relative frequency of benign eyelid tumors in basis of clinical and histopathological analysis and to determine the accuracy rate for the clinical diagnosis of benign eyelid tumors. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study of patients with the diagnosis of benign eyelid tumors between January 2007 to March 2013 was undertaken. In this study, clinical records including demographic data, clinical characteristics of tumors, frequencies of benign eyelid tumors, localization and histopathological analyses of cases who underwent surgical excision were reviewed. Results: A total of 106 eyes of 101 patients were included in the study. The mean age was 27.6±21.6 years. Of these cases, 45.5% were male and 54.5% were female. The right eye was involved in 45.3% and the left eye-in 54.7% of the cases. The tumors were located on the lower eyelid in 25.5%, on the upper eyelid in 55.7%, on the medial canthus in 13.2%, and on the lateral canthus in 3.8% of the eyes. The mean follow-up was 13.7±9.7 months. Surgical excision and primary repair were performed in 62.3% of the cases. The distribution of the clinical diagnoses were as follows: nevus (18.9%), dermoid/epidermoid tumor (17.9%), sebaceous cystic tumor (14.2%), capillary hemangioma (11.4%), squamous papilloma (10.4%), moll cyst (5.8%), whereas the most frequent histopathological diagnosis was dermoid/epidermoid tumor (22.7%), nevus (16.8%), sebaceous cystic tumor (12.2%), moll cyst (7.6%), inclusion cyst (6.1%) and seborrheic keratosis (6.1%). The histopathologic diagnoses matched with the clinical diagnoses in 48 eyelids (72.7%). Conclusion: Nevi and dermoid/epidermoid tumors were the most common benign tumors of the eyelid. These were followed by sebaceous cystic tumor and capillary hemangiomas. The benign eyelid tumors were more commonly seen in the upper eyelid. Careful clinical examination and histopathologic evaluation are mandatory for a proper management of benign eyelid tumors. (Turk J Ophthalmol 2014; 44: 384-7)

Pur po se: To evaluate the effects of patching on refractive errors in patients with anisometropic amblyopia. Ma te ri al and Met hod: We evaluated retrospectively 81 cases (5-8 years old) which were applied patching treatment for unilateral anisometropic amblyopia between June 2005 and August 2009. Pre- and post-treatment visual acuities and stereopsis were evaluated and the cases were divided into 4 groups as hyperopia, hyperopic astigmatism, myopia, and myopic astigmatism. Re sults: Mean age was 6.8±0.1 (minimum-maximum: 5-8) years. Visual acuity was 0.57±0.07 log MAR in hyperopias (p=0.001), 0.74±0.07 logMAR (p=0.001) in hypermetropic astigmatisms, 0.1±0.02 log MAR (p=0.02) in myopias, and 0.62±0.08 logMAR (p=0.04) in myopic astigmatisms after treatment. Post-treatment stereoacuity was improved significantly, except for myopic astigmatism (p=0.1). Dis cus si on: Patching treatment in anisometropic amblyopia is safe and effective method in all refraction errors especially hyperopia. (Turk J Ophthalmol 2011; 41: 385-8)

The present paper is based on a research conducted to investigate how English newspaper editorials in Iran express their political ideologies in the ninth presidential election. All texts usually encode the ideological position of their producers, but they are not always expli cit for all readers. They need to be revealed and unmasked, so the use of critical discourse analysis in this regard is to examine the ideologies underlying the texts. In the methodological framework of Van Dijk ' s model, the ideology carrying categories were identified, scrutinized and compared in the clause structure of the editorials in four English newspapers in Iran. It was generally found that the relationships of the newspapers with the institutions, political parties and government influenced the w ay the editors conveyed their ideas and thoughts about the candidates in the presidential election.

Real exchange rates influence the competitiveness of tradable goods produced in a country, and thus the latter’s external balance. In the short-run, real exchange rates are influenced by real, as well as monetary variables. With a view to maintain their competitiveness in international markets, exporters are expected not to prefer overvalued local currencies. Thus, the conventional wisdom suggests that the interests and lobbying power of exporters may be directed to the policy makers towards a healthier external trade and current account balance. This article studies the effect of import dependence and profitability/branding levels of export firms on their real exchange rate preference. A simple partial analysis model shows that high import dependence may tilt exporters’ preferences towards overvaluation, rather than equilibrium or undervaluation of the real exchange rate. The model also implies that this “unpleasant real exchange rate arithmetic” may trigger a vicious circle involving an increasing preference for overvaluation leading to an even higher import dependence. Intrinsic profitability/brand equity of exporters, may partially reverse this preference for overvaluation; so this anomaly may rather relate to relatively less developed economies.

Researches in education have been leading to several educational theories and models in the last century. As a result of this, mathematics education has been affected by this development, a series of innovations has been made in the education field, and these innovations’ adaptations and effectiveness have been investigated by researchers. The theory of didactical situations in mathematics (Brousseau, 1998) is one of these educational theories. This article aims to introduce both this theory and adidactical situations which play an imminent role in this theory and to present an application of adidactical situations to describe experiences during the different phases of this theory. For this purpose, an activity on the barycentre of a triangle was administered to eight-grade students and the stages of adidactical situation were observed and video-taped. At the end of the study, taking into account the five stages of adidactical situations students’ experiences were described.

One indigenous water buffalo population to Anatolia were characterised with 11 cattle autosomal microsatellite loci. A set of 4 cattle microsatellite loci was found to be polymorphic in the Anatolian buffalo genome. Genotyping of these polymorphic microsatellite loci revealed alleles ranging from 3 to 9. The observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.550 to 0.775 and the expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.494 to 0.815. The FIS value changed from –0.101 to 0.205. This result shown that, Anatolian water buffalo population samples seemed to be in Hardy- Weinberg expectation.

The aim of this research is to identify the problems encountered by primary school teachers and to makesuggestions to solve the problems. This is a descriptive study and also a case study. A questionnaire form wasused for data collection. The surveys were administered on the elementary education teachers working underAnkara Province Directorate of the Ministry of Education in 2006 – 2007 academic year. The data collectedwere analyzed using SPSS program and statistical analyses were carried out. It was concluded that theprimary school teachers’ music education was not sufficient and that they had encountered problems inimproving themselves with regard to music education. A number of suggestions were made in line with theresults obtained.

The aim of the study is to determine the relation between the self-efficacy of elementary school students in geometry and their geometric thinking levels. In the Study, the aim is also to determine whether the self-efficacy for the geometry of elementary school students differs with gender, grade, math achievements, pre-school education factors. The study which was designed on a relational model is based on 110 randomly selected students of a primary school in Bursa, Yıldırım from the 6th, 7th and 8th grade. In the study, in order to collect data "Van Hiele Geometry Test", "Towards Geometry Self-Efficacy Scale" and personal information forms were used. Independent groups T-test, ANOVA and Pearson Pearson correlation analysis were used to analyze data. The study results showed that geometry self-efficacy significantly differs with mathematics achievement, gender and class levels and also showed that geometry self-efficacy and geometric thinking levels consist statistically a positive but weak relationship between. According to the findings, some suggestions to improve geometry self-efficacy and geometrical thinking levels of elementary school students are presented.

Reading has an undeniable importance in human life. The reading habits of teachers who educate future generations are extremely important in their education as weel as in their professional lives. In this study, we aimed to determine preservice teachers' reading habits, leisure time activities and reading motivations. In this context, reading was taken in a broader sense that includes reading of new technological materials and environments besides traditional materials. According to the results of the research preservice teachers could be classified as –genrally- aliteratetype reader and they don’t have the habit of using libraries. Students read technological tools and environments every day, while the usage ofbooks and traditional reading materials is relatively small. Some suggestions proposed at the end; such as, the technological progress to be taken into consideration while developing the habit of reading and reading traditional materials should be handled with technology together not as contestant.

Background and Design: Erythema nodosum (EN) is the most common type of inflammatory nodules. Etiologic factors that lead to EN show a wide spectrum including drugs, infections, malignant and inflammatory diseases. The aim of our study was to investigate frequency of etiologic factors, clinical and laboratory findings of EN patients treated in our clinic, and to identify whether these findings were predictive for a specific etiology in these patients or not. Material and Method: A total of 72 patients diagnosed with EN in our clinic during the period 2003-2007 were included. Results: Patients were divided into two groups with regard to their etiologies. Group I was consisting of 30 cases (41.6%) in whom no underlying disease or precipitating factor were found and Group II was consisting of 42 cases (58.4%) in whom an etiologic factor was identified. Infections (n=24) were the most common identified etiologic factors followed by Behcet's disease (BD), drugs, pregnancy, and sarcoidosis. Statistical analysis revealed no difference according to age and sex characteristics, localization of disease, and the presence of fever and arthralgia as accompanying findings between the groups (p>0.05). The duration of disease was longer in Group II and patients in Group II were found to have more frequently >1 attack of EN, culture positivity and elevated ASO level when compared with that of Group I (p<0.05). However, a statistically significant difference was not found between the two groups regarding presence of leukocytosis, anemia, elevated CRP level and accelerated ESR (p>0.05).Conclusion: Infections, BD and drugs were the most frequently detected etiologic factors in our study. Our results revealed that the localization of lesions and laboratory findings like elevated ESR and CRP, leukocytosis, and anemia were not predictors of secondary EN, and that a further search for an underlying disease is necessary in patients having relapsing EN with a long disease duration. (Turkderm 2008; 42: 113-7)

Modern Azerbaijani poet Muhammed HüseyinSehriyar (1906-1988), who is one of the biggest poets ofthe Turkish world, lived in South Azerbaijan. His thebiggest masterpiece is Haydar Bara’ya Selâm poem. Thispoem is be named from Village Haydar Baba, where hewas born, is founded on hillside of Mount Haydar Baba.This Poem, a new form, is written syllabic meter of elevenand 125 ‘five line-stanza’.In this article, Haydar Baba’ya Selâm is analyzedby the method of ontological analysis. Although, thismethod is old one, it is rarely practiced in Turkey.According to this method, a literary work is composed ofdifferent categories and as understanding its value, thesecategories is analyzed separately. These categories isseperated two main headlines: Voices which constitutewoords and semantics which is seperated differentsubheades. In this area, Đsmail Tunalı wrote the book ofSanat Ontolojisi which is the most competent work inTurkey.In Sanat Ontolojisi, Tunalı analyzed views ofRoman Đngarden and Nicolai Hartmann and than heoffered the combined method which is composed of theirmethods. We practice only seven ‘five line-stanza’s ofHaydar Baba’ya Selâm by the method in this article.Because this poem is very long and it is impossibleanalyzing in an article.

There are almost thirty poem dictionaries in Classical Turkish Literature as we could determine. We can study them in three headlines as Turkish-Arabic, Turkish-Persian, Turkish-Arabic-Persian. In this paper we will try to give information about a verse dictionary which was written by Mustafa bin Osman Keskin in 1758. In this dictionary, which was called "Manzume-i Keskin" by its poet, it is said that the poet is from Kadıköyü of Denizli. We could determine five copies of this Turkish-Arabic-Persian verse dictionary, which has 431 couplets, takes attention to studies of dictionary.

<p><strong>Conference Notes</strong></p>

Hâtif is a poet who lived in the seventeenth and eighteenth century. The real name of this poet who comes from Bursa is Hasan and his epithet is Serrâc-zâde or Eğerci-zâde. The works of the poet are not mentioned and besides information given in his biography is either contradictory or lacking. This study aims at introducing the entire corpus of Hâtif with his own handwriting and deals with some inconsistencies in the biography.

Aim: In this study, we aimed to show which parameter can be used to get a realible result in differentiation of cerebro spinal fluid (CSF) and saline by using the urine test strips. We compared the effectiveness of glucose and pH parameters by dripping CSF samples obtained from spinal needle during combined spinal-epidural anesthesia (CSEA) by means of glucose and pH regions of the urine test strip. Methods: After obtaining written consent, 70 patients scheduled for lower extremity surgery under CSEA were included in this unicenter and randomized clinical study. During the intervention, block levels and color changes in urine test strips' glucose and pH parameters were all recorded. Results: In both groups, urine test strip color change were positive in 34 patients and negative in 1 patient. There was no statistically significant difference. In our study, even free CSF flow was detected after CSEA implementation, block levels were detected as and ldquo;none and rdquo; in 3 patients in and ldquo;glucose and rdquo; group (9%) and 1 patient in and ldquo;pH and rdquo; group (3%). There was a statistically significant difference in comparison of block levels. Conclusion: We found out that CSF samples dripped on urine test strips caused a color change in glucose and pH parameters, similar to previous results. However there was no block levels in 1 patient in and ldquo;pH and rdquo; and 3 patients in and ldquo;glucose and rdquo; groups. We concluded that pH parameters are more reliable than glucose parameters in detecting CSF [TAF Prev Med Bull 2015; 14(3.000): 198-201]

Aim: The budget allocated to health is increasing every year. Pharmaco-economic research focuses on the costs and benefits of drug therapy. All conditions affecting costs should be evaluated; minimum cost and maximum effect must be targeted. In this study we aim to analyze the effects of the opening of a new tertiary health center on the costs of treatment and patient referral. Material and Method: The changes in drug costs and the number of patients in the emergency departments, pediatric clinics, pediatric intensive care units, neonatal intensive care units, delivery rooms, wards for risky pregnancies, and the septic services of a new tertiary referral hospital in Adiyaman city were compared with those of its former secondary referral hospital. The data gained from the databases of the secondary referral hospital and the tertiary referral hospital was obtained in April of 2012 and April of 2013, respectively. The data were analyzed retrospectively. Results: The total number of patients who were managed as outpatients or hospitalized in April 2012 and April 2013 was 10,838 and 11,066, respectively. The total cost of the drugs was 51,515 TL (approximately 25,000 USD) for April 2012 and 75,552 TL (approximately 37,000 USD) for April 2013. The number of patients referred to other tertiary referral hospitals in April 2012 and April 2013 was 132 and 91, respectively (p

Ebubekir Hâzim Tepeyran had educated in Niğde was one of the most important statesman and litterateur. He was born in Niğde and died in 5 June 1947. He was governor of Musul, Bağdat, Hicaz, Beyrut and Hüdavendigar. He was mayor of İstanbul in March-July 1909 and he was also Chamberlain internist in 1920.<BR>Mr. Ebubekir Hâzim's work, in 1944 the first edition of his memories was published that told about the experiences of school in his primary school is based on our study. District schools were primary schools which were established for following Seljuklu and other İslamic states' tradition in Ottoman State. These schools were called mahalle school or sıbyan school by public and they were operated through foundations. They were in every districts and villages. They were generally built next to the mosque.<BR>Local schools were described negatively in Ebubekir Hâzim Bey' memories. They were neglected through Euorapan education system beginning with reform, they were effort to keep alive a tradition at the second half of the XIX. century. Like all institution which completed its task, they waited death by leaving them alone. An understanding of Westernization brought, like all institutions belongs to old times, local schools were seen of evil and negativity as a reason, as a nightmare for the new generations.<BR>In Mr. Ebubekir Hâzim's memories and other people' remembrances of a flogging, and held with the concept of local schools of education is lagging behind the age, seem to have another function in maintaining the tradition. In our report,we will try to present, based on Mr. Ebubekir Hâzim's memories, both local schools' progress and their declines against institutions of modern education along with the westernization process.

It has-been a very well known fact that developing countries have had a higher share in creating environmental pollution since the Industrial Revolution. Besides this fact, in the aftermath of emergence of environmental protection necessities, developed countries have tended to carry their pollution creating industries to the developing world by means of foreign trade and investment. As a result of this, rapidly industrializing developing counties have had a more substantial share in the creation of pollution. This work analyzes both the Pollution Haven Hypothesis and Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) thesis at the same time. The study indicates that according to the EKC, there exists an inverse U relationship between CO2 emissions and per capita income in the developed countries while the pattern of the relationship takes a U shape for the developing countries. In the meantime the study also finds out that as the sectors causing more pollution have an increasing share in exports in developing countries, the CO2 emissions do increase too.

&amp;nbsp;Aim: The aim of the study was to examine the sealing ability of a root-canal sealer using different endodontic irrigants and to measure the microleakage using a fluid transport model. Material and Methods: 170 maxillary and mandibular anterior human teeth with single bilnded were selected for this study. The root canals were instrumented using the crown-down technique with HEROShaper and were irrigated with 5.25 % NaOCl. The smear layer was removed by washing in 10 ml of 17% EDTA. The specimens randomly divided into 16 groups (root-canal sealings; Sealite- Ultra, Diaket, AH-Plus, Ketac-Endo and irrigation solutions; NaOCl, 2 % CHX, 1% CHX&amp;nbsp; gel+NaOCl, 1% CHX gel+SS ) of ten teeth and two control groups of five teeth and obturated by lateral condensation. In order to measure the microleakage, a fluid transport model was used and leakage value for each group was calculated and recorded. Four specimens from each group were used for SEM examinations (scanning electron microscopy). Results: The best results are taken when Ketac-Endo with 2% CHX solution used. The results proved that there is no significant difference between root-canal sealers. As for irrigant solutions, NaOCl solution caused more microleakage than 1% CHX Gel+SS and 1% CHX Gel+NaOCl solutions and the results are statistically significant. Conclusion: The study shows that the best irrigant solutions for all rootcanal sealers are 1% CHX+SS and 1% CHX+NaOCl.

The required energy of Turkey is being imported from foreign countries since it cannot be met by the country’s own resources. However, Turkey has rich renewable water resources. In this paper, the hydropower potential of Nehil Creek, which is a subbasin of Zap basin, is investigated considering the effective use of this source and covering the existing energy gap, partially. Here, Geographic In-formation Systems (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) methods were used. According to preliminary research, one dam has been planned to be installed on the Nehil Creek basin. The possible costs of this dam and the amount of annual electric energy that can be obtained were calculated. The total costs and the total installed power capacity of the dam were solved by using the Simahpp software. According to the Simahpp, the total cost and installed power capacity of the dam were found as 41,3x106 US$ and 25,2 MW, respectively. The total annual electricity to be produced by the dam was found as 39,8 GWh.

Sebk-i Hindi (indian Style) prefers the meaning more than the word that it is involved most important differences in the traditional style and content line of Divan Poetry. However it needs strong words for affluent and profound to make a feel. Therefore the poets of the Sebk-i Hindi are interested in closely that they are metaphor and similitude from literary arts related the meaning and words of the poem. They don’t drop out of traditional rhetoric rules by used for metaphor and similitude. They tended more complicated metaphor and similitude system to catch affluent and profound meaning and the other specialities as required. <br> <br> Divan şiirinin geleneksel üslup ve muhteva çizgisi içindeki önemli bir kırılmanın gerçekleştirildiği Sebk-i Hindî (Hint üslubu) şiirinde mana, lafızdan ön plandadır. Ancak aktarılmak istenen derin ve zengin manalar için de sağlam bir lafza ihtiyaç vardır. Bu nedenle şiirin hem lafız hem mana yönüyle ilişkili olan edebî sanatlardan teşbîh ve istiâre, Sebk-i Hindî şairlerini yakından ilgilendirmiştir. Sebk-i Hindî şâirleri, kullandıkları teşbîh ve istiârelerde geleneksel belâgat kurallarının dışına çıkmamakla birlikte, hem Hint üslubunun diğer özelliklerinin hem de yakalamak istedikleri derin ve zengin manaların gereği olarak daha karmaşık bir teşbîh ve istiâre sistemine yönelmişlerdir.

The purpose of this study was determining the views ofmathematics teachers about problems encountered at teaching processdue to the Level Determination Exam. The work group of this study isconstituted of 17 mathematics teachers. In the light of the obtaineddata 4 themes were determined. These themes are declining of academicsuccess and the level of reaching educational goals, increasing the levelof behavioral problems and positive participation to courses. Accordingto the results, Level Determination Exam causes not only decreasing ofsuccess, level of reaching educational goals and positive attendance tocourses but also increasing behavioral problems. The results show thatLDE increases students’ stress level and behavioral problems, makesharder to rise math literate students, clustering the subjects whetherbeing asked or not at LDE. According to results using “Exam BasedLearning Method” until repealing Level Determination Exam, preparingin service education program about mathematics literacy formathematics teachers and cooperation between applied mathematiciansand mathematics teachers about developing exam may help teachers todecrease the problems. <br> Bu çalışmanın amacı, seviye belirleme sınavlarının matematik öğretiminde ne tür sorunlara yol açtığına dair öğretmen görüşlerinin neler olduğunu tespit etmektir. Bu amaçla bağlantılı olarak 21 maddelik bir açık uçlu yazılı anket formu araştırmacı tarafından hazırlanmış ve araştırmacının ulaşabildiği matematik öğretmenlerinden 17 tanesi ankete cevap vermiş olup bu anketler değerlendirmeye alınmıştır. Güvenirlik için araştırmacı ve alan uzmanı tarafından yapılan kodlamalar üzerinde iki kodlayıcı arasında uyuşum yüzdesi % 82 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Bu oran veri analizi açısından güvenirliğin sağlandığını göstermektedir. Elde edilen bulgular ışığında genel başarı düzeyinde düşüş, kazanımlara ulaşma düzeyinde azalma, disiplin sorunlarında artış, olumlu ders katılımında azalma temalarıyla ilişkili olmak üzere sorunların frekansının 45 olduğu, en fazla başarı düzeyindeki düşüşün atıf aldığı bununla birlikte kazanımlara ulaşma düzeyinde düşüş olduğu, disiplin sorunlarının arttığı ve derse olumlu katılımda azalma olduğuna değinildiği görülmüştür. SBS’nin öğrencilerdeki stres düzeyini artırdığı, matematik okur yazarı geliştirmenin sınav nedeniyle zorlaştığı, davranış bozukluklarının artması ve öğrencilerin programda yer alan konuları sınavda çıkan ve çıkmayan şeklide gruplama ve sınavda çıkmayan konulara çalışmama eğilimi gösterdikleri görülmüştür. Bulgulardan elde edilen sonuçlara dayalı olarak SBS kaldırılana kadar öğrencilerin “Sınav Yoluyla Öğrenme”ye tabi tutulması, matematik öğreticilerinin matematik okuryazarlığı konusunda hizmet içi eğitime tabi tutulması ve uygulamalı matematikçilerle matematik eğitimcilerinin sınav sorularını hazırlama konusunda işbirliği içinde çalışması önerileri geliştirilmiştir.

The life power of a nation is only possible if it has asound base. Turkish culture is the richest one in the worldwith its literature, history custom. Turkish nation which hasgot a history full of bravery has reflected its achievements intoits epics throughout its long history. When we examine theTurkish history; we find a deep culture and precious sayingsenabling people to take lesson from life. Turkish nationbrought an extraordinary bright culture into the places where it went what distinguishes the nations from one another isespecially the oral culture. Our proverb is one of the mostimportant elements of this oral culture. Our proverbs havegrace impacts which affect people deeply. Turkish proverbsarise from Turkish thought and are a mirror which reflects itsphilosophy, Bravery, and culture. In the ancient Turkishsocieties the horse has been an indispensable element forTurkish people and mentioned in the Turkish proverbs.

Aim: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic lung disease that develops in premature infants who were treated with oxygen and positive pressure ventilation. Although there are recent advances in neonatal care, it has been still the most common long term complication in preterm infants. The aim of this study was to evaluate infants who developed BPD throughout the clinical course of hospitalisation and to determine BPD frequency and also the risk factors associated with BPD.Materials and Method: A total of 276 infants who admitted to neonatal intensive care unit between January 2005 and January 2006 were included to this study. The infants with and without BPD were compared according to characteristic features and risk factors.Results: The mean gestational age and birth weight of all infants were 31±3.1(range, 24-36) weeks, and1607±610 (range, 500-4000) gram, respectively. BPD was diagnosed in 30% (84/276) of all infants. The mean gestational age and birth weight of infants with BPD were 30±3 (range, 24-36) weeks, and 1171±423 (range, 530-3700) gram, respectively. The 36% (31/84) of infants were smaller than 28 gestational age and 41.9% (26/84) were smaller than 1000 gram. Gestational age and birth weight were found to be the most important risk factors for development of BPD, and BPD risk increased as the gestational age and birth weight decreased. The duration of mechanical ventilation in infants with BPD and without BPD were found to be 40±4.3 days and, 17±2 days, respectively and this difference was found to be statistically significant (p<0.05). Similarly, the duration of oxygen therapy was found to be statistically higher in infants with BPD compared with the infants without BPD (p<0.05). Also, respiratory distress syndrome, intraventricular hemorrhage, chorioamnionitis in mother, prolonged total parenteral nutrition, and frequent blood transfusion were also other risk factors that were significantly associated with development of BPD. Conclusion: The risk for BPD is multifactorial. It was observed that the most important risk factors for BPD were prematurity, low birth weight, mechanical ventilation and prolonged oxygen therapy. Preventing small gestational age and low birth weight prematurity, decreasing the duration of mechanical ventilation and also to give minimum oxygen supply in premature infants. (Journal of Current Pediatrics 2008; 6: 66-71)

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate preliminary data of a smoking cessation clinic. Methods: In this study, Konya Numune Hospital smoking cessation clinic between the years 2009-2010, cigarette smoking, to start again after stopping for a self-help smokers who want a 1-year follow-up results were evaluated retrospectively. Results: One-year follow-up results were evaluated retrospectively in 25 smokers. 8 patients female and 17 were male. Twent five patients asked for to help in the first month. Symptoms reported after cessation of smoking were extreme nervousness in these cases, oral aphthous ulcers, constipation and weight gain. None of the cases received nicotine replacement therapy where as 20 of them received selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Nine patients started smoking again a one-year follow-up period while 16 patients achieved quitting smoking. Conclusion: Smoking cessation clinics help patients quit smoking in the long run. [Cukurova Med J 2012; 37(2.000): 103-106]

FERDİNAND TÖNNİES’İN HAYATI VE GÖRÜŞLERİ

Aim: Interstitial lung diseases are a heterogeneous group of diseases with a known or unknown etiology affecting the interstitium of the lung. In this study, our experience in the lung biopsy performed by video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery and open lung biopsy for interstitial lung diseases is discussed. Material and Method: In this study, we reviewed 31 patients with a clinical diagnosis of interstitial lung disease who underwent open or thoracoscopic lung biopsy between the years of 2004 and 2010. The cases were examined retrospectively for the age, sex, radiological appearance, operative time, chest tube duration, postoperative hospital stay and the complications. Thoracotomy was performed to 19 of the patients (61.30%) while twelve patients (38.70%) underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. Result: Fourteen of the cases (45.16%) were male while 17 patients were female (58.06%) with a mean age of 40.83 15.537 (18-69). Nonspecific interstitial fibrosis constituted the most of the certain diagnoses (29.27%). Operative time, chest tube duration and postoperative hospital stay were significantly shorter in video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery group (p values were 0.018, 0.001 and 0.011 respectively). The overall morbidity rate was 12.90% and there was no mortality. Discussion: In spite of recent advances in clinical diagnostic techniques, lung biopsy is the gold standard for the diagnosis of interstitial lung disease. In our opinion, video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery should be the first choice in the diagnosis of interstitial lung diseases, since these patients can be discharged early as a result of shorter chest tube duration and hospital length of stay

Aim: This study has been conducted to determine of outpatients&amp;rsquo; level of knowledge and perspectives with herbal products therapy (phytotherapy) and herbal products. Material and Method: Present study is designed with the participation of the outpatients coming to a family practice clinic in Ankara between July 2008 and April 2009. This study is a type of descriptive study. In this research, a specifically developed questionnaire including 8 questions was applied for the patients. Results: 310 patients participated in to the research in this study. The mean age was 55,3. The 31,9% (99 people) of the participants was male and the 68,1% (211 people) of the participants was female. The 84,5% of the participating patients stated that they applied or interested in phytotherapy. There was not statistically significant difference between age and interest in phytotherapy (p=0,243). There was not statistically significant difference between gender and interest in phytotherapy (p=0,065). Considering the use of herbal products among patients with chronic disease and without chronic disease there was no significant difference (p=0,754). Discussion: The present study shows the high tendency of herbal products use among patients. In our opinion; it is an important issue to argue that the most frequently cited source of information about herbal product is media and friends.

Pruning is one of the factors affecting the yield and quality in cultivation of perennial woody plant. Whipping pruning is used in the oil-bearing rose growing unlike traditional pruning methods applied to perennial woody plants. Growers, who cultivated oil-bearing rose in the Isparta region, were done between November and March to whipping pruning practices regardless of plant growing status and bud number on branch. In this study aimed to determine effects of different whipping pruning heights on the rose oil yield and quality in oil-bearing rose. It was planned as three replicate, five different pruning heights (10, 20, 30, 40, 50 cm) and control (no pruning) treatments. Pruning heights significantly effected on rose yield (decare), oil percentage, oil yield (decare) and pruning waste. Best results were found in non-pruning treatments for rose yield, oil %, oil

In our study; we evaluated hospital infections in Eskisehir Military Hospital in two-year period between 2004 and 2005. The diagnosis of hospital infections was done according to Centers for Disease Control criteria using laboratory-based surveillance system. In the study period, a total of 10.600 patients were hospitalized and hospital infection rate was 0.2 %. The age of the hospitalized patients was 0-85 years (mean 39.2 years) and the age of patients with hospital infections was 2-75 years (43.4 years). Urinary tract infection was the most leading infection (81%) and it was followed by surgery site infection with a rate 10%. The mostly identified agents were E. coli (83%), Pseudomonas spp. (%8), Klebsiella spp. (%5), and the others (4%). [TAF Prev Med Bull 2006; 5(6.000): 402-407]

Bu çalışmada endüstride kullanılan motorların enerji ve güç kayıplan incelenmiş, sınıflandırılmış ve siandart verimli motorlar yerine, enerji kaybı düşük yüksek verimli motorların kullanılmasının sanayi tesi slerindeki enerji tasarrufuna etkisi araştırılmıştır. Bunun mali değerinin hesaplanması için gerekli prosedürler açıklanmıştır. Bu prosedürler hali hazırda işleyen bir sanayi tesisindeki motorlar üzerinde uygulan mış enerji tasarruf miktarı ,tasa rrufun mali karşılığı, yatırım tutarı ve geri ödeme sürelerinin hesaplanması verilmiştir. Bu veriler ışığında hangi değerlerdeki yüksek verimli motorların kullanılabileceği belirlenmiştir.

OBJECTIVE: This research was conducted as a descriptive study in order to determine the level of burden in the caregiving tasks performed by the relatives of stroke patients. METHODS: This descriptive study took place with the relatives of 70 stroke patients who had applied to a university hospital in Ankara, Turkey. These relatives were primarily responsible for taking care of these elderly stroke patients. After a review of the pertinent literature, study data were collected using a data collection form prepared for both the patient and caregiver. The Rivermead Mobility Index (RMI) and the Caregiver Burden (Burden Interview) were also used. RESULTS: The Caregiver Burden Scale point average of the caregivers participating in our research was determined as 42.5. The difference between the points received by the patients from the RMI and the point average of the caregiver burden was statistically significant (p<0.05). The difference between the point average of the caregivers who assist patients with nutrition, motion, and excretion tasks was found statistically significant (p<0.05). The difference between the caregiving burden point average of caregivers with family difficulties related to caregiving, and whose daily lives were affected, was found statistically significant (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: In line with the results obtained from the research, suggestions were made to increase the effect of the discharge training, arrange training and consultancy programs aimed at coping with the problems experienced by the caregivers, and provide the required institutional support.

Mothers with the age range of 15-49 years and recorded at 9 public health service stations<br />in the provincial center of Erzurum were included in this research. Each of these health centers was<br />considered to be a single set and sampling was applied in every set by simple random sampling<br />method. The research was conducted on a total of 758 mothers. The data were collected by<br />questionnaires; percentage, and ki-square tests were used for evaluations.<br />It was found at the end of the research that a great majority of mothers utilized the health centers<br />but the rate of utilization of these health center was low regarding the utilization for maternal and<br />child health services. The mothers included in the study, 64.9% utilized prenatal care but that the<br />rate of the mothers receiving postnatal service was rather low (26.9%). It was determined that of<br />the mothers utilizing contraseptive method, 63.2% applied active contraseptive method. It was also<br />found that among the services offered by nurses and midwives during their home-visits, recording<br />was at the first order with a rate of 89.3% and the folow-up services for pregnants (61.2 %),<br />children (37.6 %), and postnatal (26.9 %) were low. Several suggestions were made regarding the<br />results obtained from the study.

The current study aimed to identify teachers’ expectation levels regarding performance rewards in their profession and to present their beliefs in the framework of expectancy theory. The working group was composed of 40 primary school teachers employed in Düzce, Turkey, during the 2013-2014 academic year. The study utilized the qualitative research method, and descriptive and content analyses were used in data analysis. The obtained results are as follows: Administrators’ expectations from teachers in terms of teaching profession are classroom management, love for the teaching profession, students’ academic achievement, teamwork, time management and counseling services to students. School administrators have high expectations from teachers almost in all areas. While half of the teachers commented that their performances were recognized, approximately half of them reported that their performances were only considered partially, or not considered at all. In terms of reward types, teachers mentioned morale rewards, monetary rewards, verbal recognition, and acknowledgement and appreciation certificates for improved performance. Recommendations developed are that a performance appraisal system should be applied, that the career path should be determined by developing a rewarding performance system, that the current reward system should be enhanced, adding more attractive tangible and intangible rewards, and that the rewards should be distributed objectively.

Zeminlerin jeolojik kosullarla olan ilgisi yaygın olarak en üst tabakayla sınırlandırılır. Jeoteknik ve Geoteknik bilimi içerisinde bir çok zemin etkisi çalısması üst 5-10 m nin zemin özelliklerine dayandırlmaktadır. Zemin sınıflandırılması ve yer büyütme oranının belirlenmesi yüzey jeolojisi, jeomorfoloji ve jeofizik ile saglanmaktadır. Bazı arastırmacılar zemin sınıflaması için kayma dalga hızı ve yüzey jeolojisini birlestirmislerdir. Fakat bunlar tek basına yeterli degildir. Yerel zemin sartları kaydedilen deprem genligini etkileyen en önemli faktördür. Farklı zemin kosulları tepki spektrumu içerisinde farklı peryot aralıklıklarında büyütmeye neden olmaktadır. Eger yapının dogal periyodu yer yerde büyütme uygulanmıs periyoda yakın olursa binadaki hasar çok büyük oranda artmaktadır. Bu nedenle yer hareketi analizleri ve depreme dayanıklı yapılasmada yerel zemin kosulları önemli hale gelmektedir. Yerel zemin sartlarıyla uyumlu bir deprem ivme spektrumu yani belirlenen en büyük pik ivme degeri ve periyodu (PGA) dinamik yapı analizi için en yaygın kullanılan giris parametresidir. Deprem tepki spektrumu jeolojik veriler yetersiz oldugu zaman yanlız basına zemin tanımlaması için yararlıdır.

</p><p align="justify">In this study, the effets of educational toys traninig designed to develop visual perception skills on the skills of visual perception in children were investigated. The educational toys are designed in accordance with the five visual perception steps determined by Frostig. The research was carried out with a sample of 103 preschool students [35 (34 %) experimental group, 33 (32 %) control group and 35 (% 34) placebo group]. For 14 weeks, three session per week, thirty five-forty five minutes, visual perception training with educational toys was applied to experimental group. Simultaneously, visual perception training with educational toys availeble on the market were conducted in placebo group while no treatment was applied to the control group. Frostig Developmental Test of Visual Perception developed by Dr. Marianne Frostig was administered to experimental, placebo and control groups before treatment, after the treatment and one year afterwards the treatment. In the study, the following findings were obtained: Visual perception training program with educational toys was effective on increasing the levels of childrens' sub-dimensions Frostig Developmental Test of Visial Perception, and this effect had remained the same after the end of one year follow-up period. Comparison of the pre-final test and follow-up test scores of the sub-dimensions of visual perception according to gender, showed no statistically significant diffrences.</p>

Bu araştırmada İstanbul' un en eski ve en büyük mezarlığı olan Karacaahmet Mezarlığı örneğinde kent mezarlıklarındaki peyzaj tasarım hataları ile bunlardan kaynaklı bakım sorunları tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Günümüzde çok fazla çalışmanın yapılmadığı mezarlıkların peyzaj tasarım ve bakım ilkelerini, yeşil alan içindeki önemini, kente kazandırdığı değerleri ortaya koyabilmek, Karacaahmet Mezarlığı örneğinde bu ilkelerin değerlendirilmesinden çıkan sonuçların ilkesiz gömüler ile geri dönüşü olmayacak yeni mezarlıklara sebep sonuç ilişkisi içinde öneriler getirmek hedeflenmiştir. Karacaahmet mezarlığının tarihi süreci ve çevresindeki yapı, donatılar ve alanlar incelenmiştir. Mezarlıktan 0-30, 30-60, 60-90, 90-120 cm toprak numuneleri ve kazı alanlarından çıkan sulardan numuneler alınarak İstanbul Büyükşehir Belediyesi laboratuarlarında fiziksel ve kimyasal analizleri yaptırılmıştır. Zemin durumu tespiti için 2-2,5 m derinliğinde açılan muayene çukurlarından alınan numunelerle Y.T.Ü Geoteknik laboratuarında mezarlık zeminin yapısı belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Mezarlık içinden, sınırından, 250 m ve 500 m dışından su numuneleri alınarak İstanbul Büyükşehir Belediyesi Sağlık ve Hıfzısıhha Müdürlüğü laboratuarlarında analizleri yaptırılmıştır. Karacaahmet mezarlığının 1. ve 6. adası hariç 10 adet adasının teşekkül ettiği 516.554,23 m2 alanda (yüzde 87,59) yapılan çalışmada 87 cins ve türde 18085 adet ağaç sayılarak envanter çıkartılmaya çalışılmıştır. Mezarlığın tasarım ve bakım durumunun tespit ve değerlendirilmesi için çalışma alanında gözlemlerle,araziden ve hava görüntülerinden ölçümlerle sayımlar yapılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler ışığında değerlendirmeler yapılmıştır.

The surgical interventions of cardiac injures are presented chronologically. [Archives Medical Review Journal 2003; 12(3.000): 279-298]

The aim of this study was to re-interpret qualitative studies that examined life experiences of women with gynecological cancer through the perspective of "existentialist philosophy". In this meta-synthesis study, a theoretical sampling method was used. Thirty-five studies that were accessible in full text, published in Turkish and English, were included in the meta-synthesis. The Joanna Briggs Institute’s 2011 Qualitative Assessment and Review Instrument and Weed’s meta-interpretation approach was used, respectively, to evaluate and interpret data. In this study, data pertaining to women’s experiences with cancer were re-interpreted based on five fundamental concepts of existentialist philosophy: (1)Angst: In cancer’s shadow, (2)Despair: I'm sorry for my losses!, (3)Authenticity: Towards a new existence, (4)The Absurd: Lives confined to the short distance between joy of life and existential crisis, (5)The “Other” and the “Look”: Cancer: It's so hard to say! In this meta-synthesis study, it was found that women with gynecological cancer continuously bear the heavy burden of uncertainty and the threat of existential angst, and require expert, knowledgeable, and authentic care that focuses on their existence.

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine data collection tools in nursing researches in Turkey.<br />Methods: This study included nine literatures. This literature were that had ten national/international nursing congress and symposium books realized in Turkey and five in peer reviewed nursing journals in Turkey. Consequently, the sample of these study 1328 researches that wasn't had article and that literatures was during the period 1991-2008 years. Methods of researches in sample was overviewed, used data collection tools was determined. <br />Results: The evaluation of research reports indicates that 91.2% of the papers were used questionnaire forms developed by researchers. A questionnaire form word was equal pool, identifier form, personal presentation form, interview form, demographic form, data collection form words in studies. Thirty-six percent of research reports used scales by developed or adapted our country. State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (8.1%), Healthy Lifestyle Behaviours Scale (5.2%), Beck Depression Index (4.5%), Self-Care Agency Scale (4.5%), Quality of Life Scale (3.8%), Visual Analogue Pain Scale (2.9%), Beck Hopelessness Scale (2.7%), Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory (2.7%) and The Ways of Coping Questionnaire (2.2%) were mostly obtained in nursing researches in Turkey. However, although scales using had faint in literature in 1990 years, scales using was rise as the years went by.<br />Conclusions: Questionnaire form used more by data collection tools in nursing researches in Turkey. These forms were made validity and reliability and scales using increase as the years went by. Several studies in bigger sample groups can do that inclusive graduate and doctorate theses. <br />

In humankind, blood is a life affecting important liquid that can be brought only from human. It is possible to see most of the clinicians&#146; inadequacy about blood and blood products order in clinical practices. In this article, it is aimed to give information about the situations on blood and blood products order in clinical practices. Especially, statements that must be paid attention like transfusion indications, cross comparison/transfusion ratio, preparation of full blood, emergency transfusion conditions were summarized. [TAF Prev Med Bull 2010; 9(3.000): 239-244]

A very simple model for the input impedance of a coax-fed rectangular microstrip patch antenna is presented. It is based on the cavity model and the equivalent resonant circuits. The theoretical input impedance results obtained from this model are in good agreement with the experimental results available in the literature. This model is well suited for computer-aided design (CAD).

We present a case of incidental locally advanced serous papillary ovarian carcinoma in a 43-year-old women on endometrial biopsy. On endometrial biopsy, findings of serous carcinoma besides normal endometrial tissue caused diagnostic confusion. However, by thorough clinical investigation, we were able to detect bilateral ovarian masses, which were proved to be serous papillary cystadenocarcinoma. The possibility of a locally advanced ovarian carcinoma should always be kept in mind especially when trying to identify a serous papillary carcinoma in an endometrial biopsy with no endometrial involvement.

Scoliosis may be of varied aetiology and may be associated with severe congenital anomalies. Scoliosis repair is a major orthopaedic surgery associated with intraoperative excessive blood loss and severe posto-perative pain. The use of intraoperative neuromonitoring during scoliosis surgery has become common place to reduce the risk of potentially postoperative neurologic deficits. Intraoperative neuromonitoring techniques include somatosensory evoked potentials, motor evoked potentials, and intraoperative wake-up tests. Anaesthetic management in these patients should focus primarily on associated co-morbidities and congenital anomalies affecting the course of the perioperative management [Archives Medical Review Journal 2014; 23(3.000): 519-533]

Agnes Calder claims that Charles Dickens came back from America, ‘heartily disillusioned’ (Dickens 8). In this paper, through reading American Notes (1842), I see the image of spatial representation in the city of New York. On the surface, the city shows Dickens’s eye of observation, revealing the dark side of the city. And yet, Dickens’s writing expresses more than what he sees. Dickens’s image of New York, I argue, is not only a ‘realistic’ account of what things look like, but a true realisation of how he feels about himself, and about the country in which he was situated in.

The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between patient’s age and lomber spine, hip regions(femur neck, trochanter, Ward’s triangle) bone mineral density (BMD) and T scores. A total of 85 postmenopausal women whose L2-4 T score was equal to or less than -2.5 with a mean age of 65.72 (50-81) years were included. Bone mineral density of lomber spine and hip was measured by dual energy x-ray absorbtiometry (DEXA) in all patients. Pearson correlation analysis was used to perform the statistical evaluation. There was negative correlation between patient’s age and femoral neck and ward’s triangle BMD and T scores (p < 0.05). There was no correlation between patient’s age and L2-4, trochanter BMD and T scores (p >0.05).

Deniz taşımacılığındaki artan profesyonelleşme gereksinimleri bu alanda hizmet veren personel ve mürettebatın aynı düzeyde eğitim alması ile cevap bulacaktır. Bu da eğitim veren kurum ve üniversitelerin belirli bir standartta eğitim vermesi ile mümkün olacaktır. Burada üzerinde durulması gereken konu eğitim veren kurumların eğitim düzeylerinin alt ve üst noktası arasındaki farkın mümkün mertebede birbirine yakın olması ile belirli bir kalite düzeyinde tutulabilecek olmasıdır. Bunun için eğitim veren kurumların uyması gereken başta STCW Manila kararları gibi uluslararası standartlar olmak üzere, iç mevzuatlar, çeşitli idarelerin önerileri ve kararları, EMSA gibi denetleyici birimlerin üzerinde durmuş olduğu çeşitli standartlar bir dayanak noktası oluşturacaktır. Bu çalışmada yazarlar, farklı düzeylerde eğitim veren örnek eğitim sistemlerinin karşılaştırılması yolu ile bu standartların uygulanması hususunu göz önüne sermeyi hedeflemektedir. Böylece bu bildirinin yazım amacı olan ve standartlarla genel kaideleri belirlenmiş daha kaliteli ve profesyonel eğitim sistemine geçişe katkıda bulunulabilecektir.

Vitamin K is necessary for the synthesis of the proteins that help control bleeding (clotting factors) and thus for the normal clotting of blood. Newborns are prone to vitamin K deficiency because only small amounts of vitamin K cross the placenta and because, during the first few days after birth, their intestine does not contain bacteria to produce vitamin K. The deficiency can cause hemorrhagic disease of the newborn, characterized by a tendency to bleed. A vitamin K injection in the muscle is recommended for all newborns to reduce the risk of bleeding within the brain after delivery. (Journal of Current Pediatrics 2010; 8: 113-8)

ÖZ: Bu çalışmanın amacı turizm sektöründe toptancı konumunda olan tur operatörlerinin Uzak Doğulu turistlere sundukları deneyimsel değeri belirlemek; deneyimsel değer ile müşteri memnuniyeti ve müşteri sadakati arasındaki ilişkiyi ortaya koymaktır. Bu araştırma, Türkiye’yi Uzak Doğu’dan ziyaret eden ve Kapadokya’ya tur operatörleri aracılığı ile gelen Japon, Çinli ve Güney Koreli turistlerin katılımı ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Pilot çalışma için 150, ana çalışma için 780 turistten bilgi toplanmıştır. Tesadüfî olmayan örnekleme yöntemlerinden kolayda örnekleme yöntemi tercih edilmiştir. Çalışmada, veri analizi aşamasında ilk olarak Uzak Doğulu turistlerin demografik bilgileri incelenmiştir. Daha sonra verilere faktör ve regresyon analizi uygulanmıştır. Deneyimsel değer bağlamında tüketici memnuniyetinde sosyal etkileşim, eğitsel, fonksiyonel, restoran estetiği, hediyelik eşya işletmesi estetiği, müze estetiği, otel estetiği, tur otobüsü estetiği, verimlilik, hatıra ve durumsallık değerlerinin önemli olduğu ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Deneyimsel değer bağlamında tüketici sadakatinde sosyal etkileşim, eğitsel, fonksiyonel, restoran estetiği, hediyelik eşya işletmesi estetiği, müze estetiği, verimlilik ve hatıra değerlerinin önemli olduğu ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Deneyimsel Değer, Müşteri Memnuniyeti, Müşteri Sadakati, Tur Operatörleri, Uzak Doğu Turizm Pazarı. ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study is to determine the experiential values presented to the Far East tourist by tour operators in a position as a wholesaler to the tourism sector; to exhibit the relationship between experiential value with customer satisfaction and customer loyalty. This study was performed with the participation of Japanese, Chinese and Korean tourists who came to Cappadocia from Far East with tour operators. The data was collected from 150 tourists for the pilot study and 780 tourists for the main study. Convenience sampling a non-probability sampling method was used to select sampling units. In the first step of the data analysis process, demographical characteristics from the Far East tourist were taken. Afterwards, factor and regression analysis were examined. The Social interaction, educational, functional, restaurant aesthetic, souvenir shop aesthetic, museum aesthetic, hotel aesthetic, tour bus aesthetic, efficiency, memory and conditional values were determined as experiential values that affect the customer satisfaction. The Social interaction, educational, functional, restaurant aesthetic, souvenir shop aesthetic, museum aesthetic, efficiency and memory values were determined as experiential values that affect the customer loyalty. Keywords: Experiential Value, Customer Satisfaction, Customer Loyalty, Tour Operators, the Far East Tourism Market.

Ürün/hizmet çeşitliliği, promosyon etkinlikleri ve homojen olmayan müşteri kitlesi ticari ya da kar amaçsız kuruluşlar arasındaki rekabeti hızlandırmaktadır. Bu nedenle çalışmada, en önemli kar amaçsız kuruluşlardan biri olan halk kütüphanesi hizmetlerinin pazarlanmasının önemi vurgulanmaya çalışılmaktadır.

Musahipzade Celâl önemli oyun yazarlarımızdandır. Yazar, komedi oyunlarında geleneksel Türk tiyatrosunun hem teknik hem de tip özelliklerinden yararlanmıştır. Batı tiyatrosunun sahne özelliklerini geleneksel olanla ustaca birleştirmiştir. Ortaoyunu meddah, gölge oyunu ve halk hikâyeciliği gibi halk tiyatrosu geleneğine bağlı ögeleri oyunlarında kullanmış ve yazılı metni sanatçı ustalığıyla bir anlamda meydandan sahneye taşımıştır. Musahipzade, oyunlarında mekân olarak mahalleyi kullanır. Geleneksel tiyatronun mahalle kültürüne yakın bir yaklaşımla oluşturduğu atmosferde hem eğlendiricilik vardır hem de toplumsal eleştiri. Bu çalışmada Musahipzade’nin komedi oyunlarından yola çıkarak geleneği modernle birleştiren bütüncül tavrını ortaya koymaya çalışacağız.

Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the development of posterior capsular opacification (PCO) in preschool- and school-age children with cataract who underwent cataract surgery without posterior capsulotomy and anterior vitrectomy. Materials and Methods: The records of 30 eyes of 21 patients who underwent pediatric cataract surgery and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation were retrospectively reviewed. Patients’ age, PCO status and duration, need for neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet (Nd:YAG) laser treatment based on coverage of visual axis, and follow-up period were recorded. Results: The mean age of the patients was 7.6±2.83 (4-12) years. Unilateral cataract surgery and IOL implantation were performed in 12 patients (57.14%) and bilateral cataract surgery and IOL implantation were performed in nine patients (42.86%). Average follow-up time was 17.7±22.67 (3-83) months. PCO developed in 21 eyes (70%) and covered the visual axis in 15 eyes (50%), which therefore required Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy. The mean duration of postoperative PCO development was 8.91±18.7 months (1 week-71 months). Conclusion: We believe that with adequately experienced surgeons, performing both cataract surgery and posterior capsulotomy with anterior vitrectomy in the same session is appropriate for selected preschool- and school-age children with cataract.

Liver fibrosis may be due to a variety of chronic liver diseases and may occur as a result of the healing process of liver damage. Although liver biopsy is accepted as the gold standard method in diagnosis and follow-up of patients with fibrosis currently, due to the serious complications like severe pain, internal bleeding, pneumothorax, and rarely death and even fault in the diagnostic accuracy like sampling error, various assessments by different pathologists and even by the same pathologist, interest in alternative methods is increasing day by day. In the light of these improvements, many studies have been performed on indirect non-invasive biochemical markers that can be used instead of liver biopsy, in the last decade. APRI, Forns index, FIB-4, AST-ALT ratio, age-platelet index, hepascore, fibrotest, fibroindex, fibrometer and fibrosis index are the most commonly used ones of these tests. While having some advantages like ease of accessibility, low complication rate, and lower costs, these tests cannot be used as the gold standard method due to the unsatisfactory diagnostic accuracy values. However, these indices have a high diagnostic value especially in the diagnosis and exclusion of significant fibrosis (METAVIR F2-4) and cirrhosis (METAVIR F4). [Archives Medical Review Journal 2014; 23(3.000): 427-442]

In this study, the cattle and small cattle presence in Turkey and in the area of TR83 which consists of Amasya, Çorum, Samsun and Tokat provinces were analysed. Trend analysis were carried out using the data obtained from cattle and small cattle presence with the help of the values of the period of 1996 – 2014 and estimated values for 2020 were specified. It is seen in the projections for the 2020 that, domestic cattle breeds are expected to be decreased in number whereas it is expected to be increased in the TR83 area. Also it is estimated that the number of the whole animal existence which are investigated by the study will increase by the year 2020. It is beyond question that the positive effects of the present policies supporting stockbreeding on this increase is apparent. In this sense, the determination of the contribution of present stockbreeding support policies to the sector and their effectiveness and the investigation of their faulting aspects are important in order to develop more accurate and effective policies.

In the study, an answer is looked for to the question of how youngsters utilize Facebook in acquisition of knowledge of music. By determining the process of acquisition of knowledge of music, communication and access to knowledge by those students attending to music departments of universities via Facebook, a social media environment, it is aimed to set forth its relation to life-long learning. The study will be performed in a format of case study as a qualitative research in this context by means of interview with students of music department, who are Facebook users. In line with study results, suggestions shall be put forward.   Özet Yaşam boyu öğrenme, bireysel veya toplumsal gerçekleşen öğrenmeler olarak tanımlanabilir. Yaşam boyu öğrenme planlı veya plansız öğrenmeleri kapsayabilir. Plansız öğrenmeler kapsamında sosyal medyanın bilgiye ulaşma ve bilgiyi kullanma yönünde yaşam boyu öğrenmeye katkı sağladığı düşünülebilir. Bu bağlamda araştırmada, müzik bölümü öğrencilerinin müzik konusunda Facebook’ tan nasıl yararlandıkları sorusuna cevap aramaktadır. Üniversitelerin müzik bölümlerinde okuyan öğrencilerin sosyal medya ortamı olan Facebook tan müzik konusunda bilgi edinme, iletişim ve bilgiye ulaşma süreçlerinin tespit edilerek, hayat boyu öğrenmeyle olan ilişkisinin ortaya konulması amaçlanmıştır.  Araştırma, bu kapsamda nitel araştırma türünde, durum çalışması deseninde,  Facebook kullanıcısı olan müzik bölümü öğrencileri ile görüşme tekniği kullanılarak gerçekleştirilecektir. Araştırma sonuçları paralelinde öneriler sunulacaktır.

Tennis&nbsp; is one of the sport disciplines which utilizes both performance and recreation. We come accross with contractions and missing points in the teaching of tenis skills. Therefore the goal of our research will be to find out whether single &ndash; sided or two &ndash; sided training is more succesfull. We will be using the values and results from the performances for comporison. Teh research subject group includes 16 female students from Physical Education and Sport School 1. The age avarage of the group is 20.02 &plusmn; 2.7 year their avarage length is 165 &plusmn; 0.04 cm and their avarage weight is 57.43 &plusmn; 8.3 kg. the group has been divided into two. The first eight people has been trained with two &ndash; sided techniques and the other eight with single &ndash; sided techniques. A new training mocdel has been shaped with the help of the ağabeylity classification tablet hat was created by Gentile and her friends during the motor &ndash; skilled training. With this model both of the groups practiced by the wall and 6, 9, 12 meter further from the wall. Both of the groups practised with the pre set number of 500 hits. The research continued for 3 months, every subject completed 14000 hits. Every one of the subjects went through 3 tests from 6 meters, 3 tests from 9 meters, 8 tests from 12 meters and Heker test during the study. For the gruoup that&rsquo;s working single &ndash; sided; 3 tests from 6 meters, 3 tests from 9 meters and 8 tests from 12 meters has been performed additionally. As a results, the learning performance of the two &ndash; sided group turned out to be higher than the single &ndash; sided one (p&lt;0.05).

Abstract Poem is one of the literary kinds which are the most encountered by children. One of the important issues to be considered in being successful for child poems is their language and style properties. Language and style issues play crucial role on making poems understood and liked by children through perceiving them. We can say that it almost forms the soul and the foundation of child poems. As the style that was used in child poems in 1970-1990’s in Turkey indicates the specific reflective style of Turkish child poets, it reflects the language and style opportunities of this period as well. Nowadays, a lot of successful child poems have been written. However, the most important and obvious problem of the language and style issue about this period had become the ignorance of child’s world and their psychological condition. In addition to this, some points in child world were not analyzed detail. In the article the language and style of the child poetry which has been written in the years between 1970-1990’s was studied on the base of poems of the period. Özet Şiir çocukların en çok karşılaştıkları edebi türlerden biridir. Çocuk şiirlerinin başarılı olması için dikkat edilmesi gereken meselelerden biri de şiirdeki dil ve üslup özellikleridir. Şiirlerin çocuklar tarafından algılanarak idrak edilmesinde, sevilmesinde dil ve üslup özellikleri önemli role sahiptir. Türkiye'de 1970-1990’lı yıllarda çocuk şiirlerinde kullanılan üslup Türk çocuk şairlerinin özgün ifade tarzını gösterdiği gibi aynı zamanda dönemin dil-üslup imkânlarını da yansıtmaktadır. Bu yıllarda birçok şair tarafından başarılı çocuk şiirleri yazılmıştır. Fakat dönemin dil-üslup meselelerinde karşılaşılan en önemli özellik çocuk dünyasının, çocuk psikolojisinin ve genel olarak çocuk inceliklerinin yeterli düzeyde dikkate alınmamasıdır. Makalede 1970-1990’lı yıllarda yazılmış çocuk şiirlerindeki dil ve üslup özellikleri dönemin şiir örnekleri doğrultusunda ele alınmıştır. Les Caractéristiques du langage et du style des poèmes pour enfants dans la poésie Turque moderne (Selon les exemples des années de 1970-1990) Résumé La poésie est un des genres littéraires que les enfants rencontrent le plus souvent: il faut donc faire particulièrement attention aux caractéristiques du langage et du style dans la poésie afin que les poèmes pour enfants soient réussis, compris et aimés par les enfants. Les caractéristiques du langage et du style constituent presque exclusivement l’esprit et la base des poèmes pour enfants. Le style qu’on a utilisé dans les poèmes pour enfants dans les années de 1970-1990 montre clairement la manière originale des poètes dont les poèmes pour enfants reflètent les possibilités au niveau du langage et du style de l’époque. Dans cette période, de nombreux poètes ont écrit avec succès des poèmes pour enfants. Mais la caractéristique la plus négative au sujet des questions du langage et du style que l’on rencontre dans cette période consiste à ne pas prendre suffisamment en considération l’univers de l’enfant, sa psychologie et ses points subtils. Dans ce travail, on a examiné les caractéristiques du langage et du style des poèmes pour enfants dans les années de 1970-1990 en fonction des exemples de poèmes de l’époque concernée.

The Ministry of Education entitled to change fields of classroom teachers working in primary schools who have graduated from primary school teaching area in accordance with their side areas in their diplomas. By this way, classroom teachers have made transition to different branches. In this study, it is aimed to determine the opinions and suggestions of classroom teachers about their new subject areas. Who changed their branches with entitling side fields? For this purpose, the study was carried out with 95 teachers entitling side of the fields with changing branches working in different educational institutions in the province of Hatay. In this study, in order to collect data a 5-item instrument consisting of open-ended questions was used. In the study, although some of the teachers have seen themselves enough in their new branches, a significant number of teachers stated that they felt more than enough in their old branches. Also, teachers stated that the most important benefit of changing branch is to focus on one field as a branch teacher rather than teaching many different lessons as a classroom teacher. Teachers see themselves inadequate, lack of interest from students, to increase accountability, wage reduction, difficulty of preparation and constantly entering into different classes are some issues shown as negative aspects of changing branch.

This study empirically examines the impact of capital fight and its macroeconomic determinants on agricultural growth in Nigeria from 1970 -2013. Data generated were analyzed using Unit root test, co-integration test, regression analysis. The study result found negative and insignificant relationship(P>0.05) between total capital flight and agricultural growth; meaning that capital flight has no direct impact on agricultural growth or the impact on agricultural growth is shadowed by the other macroeconomic variables in the system. Also, the stock of gross external debt (EXD) variable showed positive and statistically significant relationship (P<0.05) with agricultural growth. The result shows that a unit change in EXD will bring about 24% change in the growth of agriculture provided other factors are kept constant. Political instability (POL) variable has negative and significant effect on agricultural growth in Nigeria. The study recommends that Nigeria’s judicious use of the income accruing from loans and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is paramount if Agricultural growth is to be enhanced. Furthermore, the overall peace, security of lives and property and guaranty of investment by the government is essential therefore; Government should take concerted step to improve security of life and property in the country.

Personal reading habits reflect both individual development and reading levels within the society as a whole. Accordingly, it might be expected that university students would constitute group with relatively high reading habits. This study was carried out in order to determine the levels of reading habits among fourth-year students in the Faculty of Medicine at Hacettepe University and in the Faculty of Art, Design and Architecture at Bilkent University, and then to ascertain some additional characteristics of these habits. With this aim, a questionnaire was completed by 104 students from these universities in December 2008. Thus, it was found out that the students from both universities have relatively low levels of reading. Furthermore, students do not read regularly, and they prefer to buy books that they wish to read. Students generally could not read mainly due to insufficient time. Use of the library is not related to the students’ reading habits. Okuma alışkanlığı bireysel ve toplumsal gelişme ölçütleri arasında yer almaktadır. Üniversite öğrencileri güçlü okuma alışkanlığına sahip olması beklenen bir gruptur. Bu çalışma, Hacettepe Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi ve Bilkent Üniversitesi Güzel Sanatlar, Tasarım ve Mimarlık Fakültesi’nde öğrenim gören dördüncü sınıf lisans öğrencilerinin kitap okuma alışkanlığı düzeylerini ve bu alışkanlıklarına ilişkin çeşitli özellikleri belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Bu çerçevede, bu üniversitelerin ilgili fakültelerindeki toplam 104 öğrenciye, 2008 Aralık ayında anket uygulanmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda her iki üniversite öğrencilerinin de zayıf bir okuma alışkanlığına sahip oldukları anlaşılmıştır. Ayrıca, öğrencilerin düzenli okumadıkları, okuyacakları kitapları daha çok satın aldıkları görülmüştür. Öğrenciler, genelde zaman yetersizliği nedeniyle okuyamamaktadırlar. Kütüphane kullanma öğrencilerin okuma alışkanlığı ile bağlantılı olarak gerçekleştirdikleri bir etkinlik değildir.

<p>Competion in the retail sector is increasing rapidly and retail brands compete not only with competitors that have physical retail shops but also with online shopping platforms. Consumers shop not only to buy products but at the same time they may desire some benefits such as being happy, or socializing. In other words, consumers want to have favorable experiences as they are shopping. Individuals tend to linger longer in environments that they like and they tend to escape from environments that they do not like. By creating and managing retail servicescapes properly it is possible to attract consumers to a retail shop and at the same time make them spend more time and money in the shop. The aim of this study is to understand the effects of retail servicescape factors on brand image and purchase intention. For the purpose of the study two retail brands were chosen (Pull and Bear and H&amp;M) and data were collected from university students using face to face surveys. Research results show that retail servicescape has a statistically significant effect on brand image and purchase intention. Additionally, brand image has a statistically significant effect on purchase intention.</p>

PIC KONTROLLÜ UZAKTAN KUMANDA SİSTEMİ UYGULAMAS

Aim: Subclinical hypothyroidism is a clinical condition mostly observed in women, the prevalence of which increases by age. Sleepiness and appetite problems are observed in subclinical hypothyroidism. Orexins play a role in the physiological regulations like the stabilization of cardiovascular functions and the sleep-alert cycle. Similarities in the physiological regulation areas of orexins and the clinical findings of hypothyroidism were influential in the planning of this research. Additionally, homosisteine, which is influential on the cardiovascular system and the plasma level of which changes by eating (as is the case with orexins), was also analyzed. Besides, the change in the lipid profiles of the patients was also observed. Material and Methods: Nineteen pre-menopausal female patients (mean age=39.58&amp;plusmn;12.58, mean BMI= 26.7&amp;plusmn;4.9) included in this study. Following 12 hours fasting blood samples were taken from brachial vein. All patients were given 50&amp;micro;g/day L-T4 TSH levels were examined in every 4-6 weeks to adjust the L-T4 doses. When euthyroidism was ensured, a re-evaluation was made 4 months later. Results:&amp;nbsp; Pre-treatment plasma orexin A levels of 19 patients with pre-menopausal subclinical hypothyroidism increased significantly following a treatment of l-tiroxin for 4 months (pre-treatment orexin level median=1.20 mg/dl (mean: 1.33&amp;plusmn;0.28) post-treatment median=1.82 mg/dl (mean: 1.70&amp;plusmn;0.42) p=0.007). A significant change in the level of plasma total homosisteine and lipid profile was not detected. Conclusions: Advanced studies are needed to study the physiological effects of orexin levels in cases with subclinical hypothyroidism and the possible benefits in treatment.

<p>Deyimler, atasözleri gibi kalıplaşmış sözler olması dolayısıyla bir milletin yaşantısını, kültürünü ve tarihini gelecek kuşaklara yansıtan en önemli söz birliklerinin başında gelir. Dilin ilk kullanım dönemlerinden itibaren kullanılmaya başlanılan ve atasözlerine benzer şekilde deneyim, gözlem ve tecrübelerle yoğrulan deyimler mecaz sanatıyla da bütünleşip zenginleşerek dil içerisinde kendine geniş bir kullanım alanı bulmuş ve ayrıca bugün bir milletin dağılış coğrafyasını da bize kültür atlası hâlinde göstermektedir.</p><p>Deyimler; hem içinde yer alan kelimelerin dilde yaşama süreleriyle, hem de kelimelerin ifade ettiği durumların millet hayatıyla örtüşmesiyle bugünlere pek az değişikliklerle gelmiştir. Öyle ki deyimler dile zenginlik kattığı gibi toplum sosyolojisiyle toplumun değerleriyle birleşerek bir kültürü yoğuran temel dinamiklerden de biri olarak karşımızda durmaktadır. Bugün Türk coğrafyasında binlerle ifade ettiğimiz ortak deyimlerimiz içerisinde, Osmanlı coğrafyasında yer alan Türk topluluklarının dillerine birçok ortak deyim yerleşmiş ve farklı coğrafyalarda aynı sözler benzer şekillerde kullanılarak bugünlere gelmiştir.</p><p>Bu makale tarihten günümüze, Balkan coğrafyasında kullanılan ortak deyimlerimizden hareketle kültür birlikteliğini ve bu birlikteliğin devamını göstermesi bakımından dikkat çekici tespitler içerecektir. Ayrıca makalede, Balkan coğrafyasından tespit edilen deyimlerin Türkiye Türkçesinde tespit edilen karşılıkları da yer alacaktır.</p>

Life style, habits, diet features and chronic diseases of women may possibly cause bone mineral density changes in postmenopausal period. In our study, we aimed to investigate whether there was any association between bone mineral densities (BMD) and education, job, clothing, sunbathing and exercise habits in women and its contribution to osteoporosis risk. 200 women (average age= 58,75 ± 8,75) refered to osteoporosis outpatient clinic were included in this study. Age, menopausal age, menopausal duration, job, education, sunbathing, clothing and exercise habits of subjects were recorded. BMD measurements were performed with DEXA. Positive corelation was found between woman with education level and femoral neck (r=0.151, p=0.032) and wards triangle (r=0.208, p=0.003) BMD. There was a significant difference in femoral neck BMD between modern and covered clothing (p=0.021). There were significant differences in L3 (p=0.034) and femoral neck (p=0.009) BMD between exercising and not exercising women. The comparisons between exercise duration and BMD values were investigated. In the regularly exercised group, positive corelation was found between exercise duration and femoral neck BMD. We concluded that exercise duration, clothing and sunbathing in women were effective on increasing BMD values.

Bu inceleme halk kütüphanelerinde günümüzde yaşanan ve varlıkları somut olan gerçekler bütününün irdelenmesidir. Yapılan gözlemlerde halk kütüphanelerinin sosyal yaşantımızdaki yeri, işlevi gibi teknik ve bilimsel sonuçlara varılmaya çalışılmıştır.

Cutaneous xanthogranuloma is a dermatosis, clinically presenting as papules, nodules or plaques and histopathologically characterized by diffuse dermal infiltration of epithelioid cells with vesicular nuclei and conspicuous cytoplasm showing focal xanthomatous changes, and a mixed inflammation including eosinophils, neutrophils and lymphocytes. Although the disease is commonly observed in childhood, adult cases have also been reported and may cause confusion with various disorders histopathologically, including malignant melanoma. Herein, we report a case of adult type xanthogranuloma with reference to the literature.

Bu çalışmada 1841 yılında Bağdat'a vali olarak atanan Necib Paşa'nın Kadiriyye tarikatı ile olan ilişkisi incelenecektir. Aslen kendisi Nakşibendi-Hâlidi olan Necib Paşa'nın Bağdat Kadiri âsitanesi ile Kerkük Kadirilerine destekleri araştırılacak, bu desteklerin diğer yöneticiler döneminindeki durumu sorgulanacaktır.

Innate immunity consists of macrophages, neutrophils, natural killer cells, mucosal immunuglobulins and the comlement system. Mannose binding lectin (MBL) takes part in innate immunity through opsonisation and complement activation. MBL deficiency is associated with some infections and autoimmune disorders. However some studies indicate that MBL deficiency alone is not essential for immunity but it may intensify the clinic picture of an immune deficiency that already exists. This article refers to clincal studies related to MBL and brings up the clinical importance of MBL deficiency. [Archives Medical Review Journal 2013; 22(4.000): 565-574]

Biphosphonates (BP), synthetic analogues of inorganic pyrophosphate, potently inhibit skeletal resorption by suppressing the recruitment and activity of osteoclasts and shortening their life span and decreasing bone loss. They are now well established as the major drugs used for the treatment of bone disease associated with excessive resorption such as Paget's disease, metastatic bone disease and osteoporosis, and refractory hypercalcemia in adults. Over the past decade, BP use in patients with various forms of kidney disease has become widespread. Increasingly, BP are being administered to children and have been reported to improve clinical outcomes and augment bone mass in conditions such as osteogenesis imperfecta, juvenile osteoporosis and fibrous dysplasia. There have been few clinical trials in children to treat bone loss, such as in glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis and renal osteodystrophy, resulting from renal disease or rheumatologic conditions. The aim of this review was to evaluate the currently available evidence for the effectiveness and safety of BP in children with renal and rheumatological diseases.

Osteoporosis is a metabolic bone disease that is characterized by low bone mineral density and increase in fragility of bone. Low peak bone mass has been considered as a risk factor for osteoporosis. Heredity, physical activity level and diet are of importance in the determination of variations in peak bone mass. Investigations have been continuing on numerous candidate genes playing a role in the genetic programming of peak bone mass. It has been suggested that heredity may account for about 50-85% of the variation in peak bone mass. However, negative consequences of genetic factors may be changed by the modification of some environmental factors such as diet and physical activity.

The fact that Turkey and Greece have assumed their nation-state identities as a result of a war in which they have confronted has had a substantial impact on the shaping up of relations between thetwo states.The relations between Turkey and Greece, which stepped in Anatolia in 1919 as an occupying force, continued quite problematically until 1930s when the possibility of a war to break out in the world was prevalent.The relations between Greece and Turkey, which were quite favorable particularly during the period of Atatürk and Venizelos, were spoilt following the emergence of the Cyprus question in 1955.

The art of story is a form of narrative that is not independent from its creator, namely the narrator, and created within the theme fictionalized by its narrator. When the work is created, it is the reader’s turn to interpret and give meaning to it. The reader’s duty is to reinterpret, transform the structures in the text and themes as well as unveiling the meaning connections between those. Semiology derivedfrom Ancient Greek word semeion meaning sign and logos meaningscience is known as science of signs in Turkish.Two people should be mentioned as founders of Semiology. Theseare Charles Sanders Peirce and Swiss linguist Ferdinand de Saussure.Saying “Although the universe is not entirely made up of signs, itoverflows with signs”, Peirce expresses that all objects can be subject ofSemiology.The goal of this study is to analyze Mustafa Kutlu’s story titled“Beyhude Ömrüm” according to the Greimas’ analysis method ofactants model. A.J. Greimas argues that an incident starting the storyand an element transforming the initial status are required for creatingthe narrative. The study divided the story into five sections byconsidering that the said incident and transforming elements areavailable. The sections confirmed that six actants of the actants modelare available; manipulation, competence and performance of narrativeroutine as well as stages of sanction routine are available and thesubjects of actants model realized competence, conclusive andhonorable experiences. Besides, it is seen that using the expression “Idied” is not an appropriate form of narrative used by the author tellingthe story as a narrator using pronoun I. <br> Hikâye sanatı, onu meydana getiren anlatıcısından bağımsız olmayan, anlatıcısının kurguladığı izlencede meydana gelen bir anlatı türüdür. Eser meydana geldikten sonra eseri yorumlama, anlamlandırma sırası okura gelir. Metnin içerdiği yapıları, izlekleri yeniden yorumlamak, dönüştürmek, anlamsal bağlarını keşfetmek okurun işidir. Eski Yunancada gösterge anlamına gelen semeion ile bilim anlamına gelen logos sözcüğünün birleşmesiyle meydana gelen semology Türkçede gösterge bilimi terimiyle karşılanmaktadır.Göstergebilimin öncüleri olarak iki isimden söz etmek mümkündür. Bunlar Charles Sanders Peirce ve İsviçreli dilbilimci Ferdinand de Saussure’dür. Peirce, “Tüm evren, yalnızca göstergelerden oluşmamış olsa bile, göstergelerle dolup taşar” sözü ile bütün bilgi nesnelerinin göstergebilimin konusu olabileceğini ifade etmiştir.Bu çalışmada Mustafa Kutlu’nun “Beyhude Ömrüm” adlı hikâyesi göstergebilimsel bir çözümleme modeli olan Greimas’ın eyleyenler modeline göre incelenmeye çalışılmıştır. A.J. Greimas’a göre anlatının oluşabilmesi için öyküyü başlatacak bir olay ve bu başlangıç durumunu bozacak dönüştürücü ögeye ihtiyaç vardır. Çalışmada söz konusu olay ve dönüştürücü ögenin var olduğundan hareketle hikâye beş kesite ayrılmıştır. Bu kesitlerde eyleyenler modelinde bulunan altı eyleyenin bulunduğu, anlatı izlencesinden eyletim, edinç, edim ve yaptırım izlence evrelerinin yer aldığı tespit edilmiş ve eyleyenler modelindeki öznelerin yetilendirici, sonuçlandırıcı ve onurlandırıcı deneyimleri gerçekleştirdikleri görülmüştür. Ayrıca eserde ben anlatıcı olan yazarın “öldüm” ifadesini kullanmasının ben anlatıcının anlatımına uygun düşen bir anlatım olmadığı görülmüştür.

This study investigated the effects of formative assessment strategies on students’ conceptual understanding in a freshmen college chemistry course in Turkey. Our sample consists of 96 students; 27 males, 69 females. The formative assessment strategies such as reflection on exams, and collective problem solving sessions were used throughout the course. Data were collected through pre and post-test methodology. The findings reveal that the formative assessment strategies used in this study led to significant learning gains for students. Our discussion focuses on implications for college science teaching and ways to change the culture of teaching in college science by reporting on a case where the teacher used formative assessment strategies in an effective manner.Keywords:

Akci&#x11F;er Transplantasyonun da Kolay Uygulanabilir &#x130;skemi ve Reperf&amp;uuml;zyon Modeli Easy Applicable Model of Ischemia and Reperfusion on Lung transplantation Akci&#x11F;er &#x130;skemi ve Reperf&amp;uuml;zyon Modeli Lung Model of Ischemia and Reperfusion T&amp;uuml;rk&amp;ccedil;e &amp;ouml;zet Giri&#x15F;:Akci&#x11F;er transplantasyon (AT)%u2019unda organ disfonksiyonunun en &amp;ouml;nemli nedenleri aras&#x131;nda yer alan iskemi reperf&amp;uuml;zyon (&#x130;/R) hasar&#x131;n&#x131; &amp;ouml;nlemek i&amp;ccedil;in bir&amp;ccedil;ok klinik ve deneysel &amp;ccedil;al&#x131;&#x15F;ma yap&#x131;lm&#x131;&#x15F;t&#x131;r. &amp;Ccedil;al&#x131;&#x15F;mam&#x131;zda mikrocerrahi gerektirmeyen, k&#x131;sa s&amp;uuml;rede uygulanabilecek, karma&#x15F;&#x131;k prosed&amp;uuml;r i&amp;ccedil;ermeyen, ucuz, geli&#x15F;tirilebilir ve &#x130;/R hasar&#x131;n&#x131;n ara&#x15F;t&#x131;r&#x131;labilece&#x11F;i bir AT modeli olu&#x15F;turulmas&#x131;n&#x131; ama&amp;ccedil;lad&#x131;k. Gere&amp;ccedil; ve Y&amp;ouml;ntem: &amp;Ccedil;al&#x131;&#x15F;mam&#x131;zda Sprague Dawley &#x131;rk&#x131;, 200-225g a&#x11F;&#x131;rl&#x131;&#x11F;&#x131;ndaki 21 adet erkek rat kullan&#x131;ld&#x131;. Her biri yedi rat i&amp;ccedil;eren &amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil; grup olu&#x15F;turuldu. &#x130;lk grup kontrol grubu (KG), ikinci grup don&amp;ouml;r grubu (DG) ve &amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil;&amp;uuml;nc&amp;uuml; grup &#x130;/R grubu (&#x130;RG) olarak adland&#x131;r&#x131;ld&#x131;. KG%u2019daki deneklere herhangi bir ek i&#x15F;lem yap&#x131;lmadan sol akci&#x11F;er alt lobundan histopatolojik ve biyokimyasal inceleme i&amp;ccedil;in &amp;ouml;rnekleme yap&#x131;ld&#x131;. DG%u2019daki deneklere sol &amp;uuml;st lobektomi ile allograft sol alt lob &amp;ccedil;&#x131;kar&#x131;lma i&#x15F;lemi uyguland&#x131;. &#x130;RG%u2019na sol &amp;uuml;st lobektomi ve sol alt loba giden pulmoner arter ve ven dal&#x131; proksimal y&amp;ouml;nde kateterizasyon i&#x15F;lemi uyguland&#x131;. Pulmoner arter ve ven kateterizasyon i&#x15F;leminden sonra allogreft sol alt lob iki saat s&amp;uuml;reyle reperf&amp;uuml;ze ve reventile edildi. AAD%u2019dan histopatolojik ve biyokimyasal inceleme i&amp;ccedil;in &amp;ouml;rnekleme yap&#x131;ld&#x131; ve istatistiksel olarak de&#x11F;erlendirildi. Bulgular: Histopatolojik incelemede kontrol grubuna g&amp;ouml;re &#x130;RG%u2019nda konjesyon, kanama, parankimal makrofaj ve PMN l&amp;ouml;kosit infiltrasyonu, amfizem, atelektazi, vakuolar dejenerasyon ve peribron&#x15F;iyal lenfosit infiltrasyonu a&amp;ccedil;&#x131;s&#x131;ndan istatistiksel olarak anlaml&#x131; sonu&amp;ccedil; elde edildi. MDA seviyesinde ve GPX aktivitesinde &#x130;RG grubunda ortalama artarken, SOD ve CAT aktivitesinde de &#x130;RG grubunda ortalama azalm&#x131;&#x15F;t&#x131;r. Tart&#x131;&#x15F;ma: &amp;Ccedil;al&#x131;&#x15F;mam&#x131;zda mikrocerrahi gerektirmeyen, k&#x131;sa s&amp;uuml;rede uygulanabilen, karma&#x15F;&#x131;k prosed&amp;uuml;r i&amp;ccedil;ermeyen, ucuz, geli&#x15F;tirilebilir ve &#x130;/R hasar&#x131;n&#x131;n ara&#x15F;t&#x131;r&#x131;labilece&#x11F;i bir AT modeli geli&#x15F;tirildi. Anahtar kelimeler: Akci&#x11F;er Transplantasyonu, &#x130;skemi Reperf&amp;uuml;zyon Hasar&#x131;, Transplantasyon Modeli. Abstract: Introduction: Lots of clinical and experimental studies are devoloped to prevent I/R injury which is encountered an important cause of organ dysfunction in lung transplantation. In our study we purposed to make a lung transplantation model in order to study I/R injury which costs low prices, can be modifiable , has no complex procedures, do not require a microsurgical skill and can be applied in a short time period. Material and Methods: We used 21 Sprague Dawney male rats weighting 200-225g. Three groups were formed including 7 rats each. First group was named control Group (CG), second donor and the third was &#x131;schemia/ reperfusion group (IRG). In control group samples are gathered from the left lower lobes for histochemical and biochemical analysis without an extra prosedure. In the second group (EG) left upper lobectomy and allograft left lower lobectomy were performed. In the third group (IRG) in addition to left upper lobectomy, proximal catheterization of the left lower lobe pulmonar artery and vein were made. After catheterization of the pulmonary artery and vein, allograft left lower lobe was reventilated and reperfused for two hours. Sampling from AAD for histopathologic and biochemical study was made and results are statistically evaluated. Results: In histopathologic evaluation, significant differences were found in congestion,hemoragie,parankimal macrophage and leucocyte infiltration, emphysema,atelectasis, vacoular degeneration and in peribron&#x15F;ial lymphocyte infiltration between CG and IRG. We found increased mean MDA levels and GPx activities, decreased mean SOD and CAT activities. Conclusion: In our study, This new improved model does not require microsurgical procedure , has no complexity, cheap, modifiable and has a comparable short time period.

Bu araştırmanın amacı öğretmen adayların sosyal-duygusal öğrenme konusundaki görüşlerini ve sosyal-duygusal öğrenmenin öğretmen eğitimindeki önemini belirlemektir. Bu doğrultuda ve Okul Öncesi Öğretmenliği anabilim dalında öğrenim gören öğretmen adaylarının sosyal-duygusal öğrenme ve sosyal-duygusal öğrenmenin öğretmen eğitimindeki önemi hakkındaki görüşlerini derinlemesine incelemeyi amaçlayan yarı yapılandırılmış bir görüşme formu geliştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın örneklem seçiminde ölçüt örnekleme yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Bu doğrultuda, öğretmen adaylarının meslek bilgisi derslerinin çoğunu ve Okul Deneyimi dersini almış olmaları ile Öğretmenlik Uygulaması dersini alıyor olmaları ölçüt olarak belirlenmiştir. 2014-2015 akademik yılı güz yarıyılında Marmara bölgesinde yer alan bir üniversitenin eğitim fakültesi ilköğretim bölümü sınıf eğitimi ve okul öncesi öğretmenliği anabilim dalında öğrenim gören 23 öğretmen adayı ile görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Bu görüşmelerden elde edilen bulgular, adayların sosyal-duygusal öğrenme konusunda eksiklerinin olduğunu ve bilgilendirilmeye ihtiyaçları bulunduğunu göstermektedir. Ayrıca, Okul Deneyimi ve Öğretmenlik Uygulaması dersleri kapsamında sosyal-duygusal öğrenmeye ilişkin farkındalıklarının artırılması gerektiği sonucuna varılmıştır.

Brown Séquard syndrome, is caused by a lesion effecting one half of the spinal cord in a segment or more than one segments. Below the lesion level, there is loss of deep sensory and motor functions on the ipsilateral side, whereas loss of pain and temparature sensations are present on the contralateral side. Most common causes are trauma, radiation necrosis and spinal metastases. Here, we aimed to present a case of herpes Zoster virus myelitis, that was presented as Brown Séquard sydrome, which is very rare. A 55-year-old male was presented with acute paresia of the right arm and leg. Three days after the start of these complaints, painful, itchy and vesicular blisters appeared on the extensor surface of the right arm. On neurological examination, there were 4+/5 paresis on the right arm and leg, loss of proprioception on the right upper and lower extremities, and loss of temparature sensation on the left upper and lower extremities. Servical MRI showed an expansile hyperintense lesion which was located on C5-C6 level within spinal cord, on T2-weighted images. Lesion diameter was 3 centimeters. Skin lesions showed regression within 15 days, whereas motor deficits remained stable. After 4 months, MRI showed marked regression of the spinal cord lesion. We aimed to share the findings of this HZV myelitis case, which is very rare and its MRI findings may easily misinterpreted as a spinal mass lesion.

Objective: Hiatal hernia is a disorder in which abdominal contents, especially gastroesophageal junction and proximal stomach are displaced through an incompetent esophageal hiatus into mediastinum. Aim of this study is to investigate the relationship betweeen intragastric pressure and incompetent cardioesophageal sphincter and hiatal hernia. Methods: The sample is composed of 81 individuals; 51.9% of which are male (n: 42) and 48.1% of which are female (n: 39) with median age of 42.00. Two groups have been constituted: A control group of healthy volunteers (G1) and a patient group with hiatal hernia (G2). After gastroscopy, all patients and controls underwent gastric and esophageal manometry using a water perfused catheter Results: Mean intragastric pressure was 1,308 mmHg for G1 and, -0,105 mmHg for G2. Mean lower esophageal pressure were 13,143 mmHg and 11,65 mmHg, and upper esophageal pressure were 35,273 mmHg and 27,211 mmHg for G1 and G2, respectively. 24 hour pH metry test revealed 26.8% physiologic gastroesophageal reflux and 73.2% pathologic gastroesophageal reflux in G2. There were statistically significant difference between two groups for mean intragastric pressure (p <0.001) and mean lower esophageal pressure (p <0.05). Conclusion: This study shows that hiatal hernia results in significantly lower intragastric pressures. J Clin Exp Invest 2014; 5 (1): 1-6

In this research it was aimed to determine 4th grade students’ selection order and whether this order differentiate by means of gender and school type variables of 15 elective courses which are specified by the Ministry of Education for 5th grade students via using rank order judgment scaling method. This research was conducted with a sample of 316 students who were attending private and public schools in Ankara. Data were collected by using “5th Grade Elective Courses Preferences Ordering Form” which was developed by the researchers. According to the results in terms of gender, female students preferred "Foreign Language" and “Visual art” courses while male students preferred "Sports and Physical Activities" and “Mind Games”, besides in terms of school type, public school students preferred “Quran” and “The life of the Prophet Mohammed” while private school students preferred "Sports and Physical Activities" and “Foreign Language” uppermost. This shows that gender and school type variables are effective on the selection order of the elective courses.

Objectives: To investigate the effect of systemic infliximab therapy on tear function tests and the ocular surface in patients with Sjögren’s syndrome secondary to various autoimmune diseases. Materials and Methods: This prospective study included 22 eyes of 22 patients with Sjögren’s syndrome who began treatment with systemic infliximab. Tear film break-up time (TBUT), anesthetized Schirmer’s 1 test, fluorescein staining test, and Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) scores were recorded before treatment and in the 3rd and 6th months of treatment. Results: In the 3rd month of infliximab therapy, no significant changes were observed in Schirmer’s values, TBUT, fluorescein staining, or OSDI scores (p=0.260, p=0.357, p=0.190 and p=0.07, respectively). In the 6th month of infliximab therapy, no significant changes were observed in TBUT, fluorescein staining, Schirmer’s value or OSDI scores (p=0.510, p=0.320, p=0.220 and p=0.344, respectively). Conclusion: Infliximab therapy, which is commonly used in systemic autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, and ankylosing spondylitis, did not show a positive effect on ocular surface and tear function tests. (Turk J Ophthalmol 2015; 45: 138-141)

The aim of this study is to identify misconceptions of nine grade students on the topic of repeating decimal numbers. Data were obtained from forty students through “Diagnostic Test of Repeating Decimal Numbers” including open-ended questions. Questions were prepared according to the classification of misconceptions as overgeneralization, overspecialization, mistranslation and limited conception. As a part of rational numbers unit the topic of “representation of repeating decimals” is introduced at 6, 7, 8 and 9 grades in our schools. In spite of this, findings of this study illustrate that even nine grade students still have some common misconceptions about this topic. Findings illustrated that most students’ misconceptions were based on overgeneralization. In addition to this students also shared the other categories of misconceptions as well. [Bu çalışmanın amacı, dokuzuncu sınıf öğrencilerinin devirli ondalık gösterimle ilgili kavram yanılgılarını belirlemektir. Çalışmanın amacı doğrultusunda kavram yanılgısı türleri göz önüne alınarak devirli ondalık gösterim ilgili olası kavram yanılgılarına yönelik açık uçlu sorular içeren “Devirli Ondalık Gösterim Tanı Testi” hazırlanmış ve dokuzuncu sınıfta okuyan kırk öğrenciye uygulanmıştır. Öğrencilerden alınan yanıtlar detaylı olarak incelenerek öğrencilerin kavram yanılgıları aşırı genelleme, aşırı özelleme, yanlış tercüme ve kısıtlı algılama kategorilerine göre irdelenmiştir. Öğrenciler rasyonel sayılar alt öğrenme alanının bir parçası olan "devirli ondalık gösterim" ile ilgili 6, 7, 8 ve 9. sınıflarda deneyim yaşamaktadırlar. Buna rağmen, bu çalışmanın bulguları öğrencilerin dokuzuncu sınıfta bile bu konu hakkında yaygın kavram yanılgılarına sahip olduklarını göstermektedir. Sonuçlar, dokuzuncu sınıf öğrencilerinin devirli ondalık sayılarla ilgili aşırı genelleme, yanlış tecrübe ve kısıtlı algılama türlerinde kavram yanılgılarına sahip olduklarını göstermektedir.]

In recent decades, financial liberalization has been one of the most important strategies for Asian countries to promote growth. However, debate emerges following several financial crises on whether liberalizing financial markets and allowing for free access to international capital markets, would benefit or impede economic development. The objective of this study is to examine the impact of financial openness on select seventeen Asian economies and answer the three questions: 1. Is there any linkage between financial openness and economic growth for these seventeen Asian countries? 2. Does any of the financial openness pose positive or negative effects? 3. If no direct impact revealed, can financial openness still have growth effect under certain fundamental or institutional conditions? Our main findings are as follows: 1. By employing both de jure and de facto indicators of financial openness, our empirical results indicate that the de facto indicators are associated with growth of Asian economies but de jure indicator does not show statistically significant impact on growth across three methodologies. 2.Furthermore, these growth effects vary among the de facto indicators. According to our empirical results, out of the four de facto financial openness measurements, only one of them, foreign direct investment inflows, influences growth positively whereas three other measures, including foreign direct investment outflows, portfolio investment inflows and outflows exert negative impact on growth. In terms of the view that the growth effect of the financial openness depends on macroeconomic foundations or institutional conditions of an economy, our findings do not support this view due to the estimation results are not robust across five financial openness proxies.

The usage of endovascular stent-graft in the treatment of abdominal aorta aneurysm has been increasing in the abdominal surgery. This paper presents the case of a patient with right iliac artery aneurysm who was treated with the application of endovascular stent-graft. J Clin Exp Invest 2012; 3 (3): 423-425Key words: Abdominal Aorta Aneurysm, EVAR, Stentgraft

Küreselleşme olgusu rakibinin hemen yanı başında faaliyet göstermesine izin vermiştir. Bu durum geleneksel iş ve ticaret anlayışını değişikliğe zorlamaktadır. Ayrıca iş dünyasında kullanılan terimlere ortak anlam yüklenmesi de gerekmektedir. Bu kapsamda Pazarlamadan, müşteriye, rekabetten yenilikçiliğe kadar tüm terminolojide yeni tanımlar yapılması ve bu bu tanımların ortak dil olarak kullanılması gerekmektedir. Bu çalışma Türk firmalarının küresel rekabet güçlerini artırmaya yönelik bir çalışmadır.

The aim of this study was to determine relation between test anxiety, self-esteem and success of instrument training courses for candidates of music teacher. This study was performed with grade three and four students (n=66) attending Music Teaching Department, Ataturk Faculty of Education, Marmara University. Data of the study was collected using Test Anxiety Inventory, Rosenberg Self –Esteem Scale, Personal Information Form and grades obtained by students in examinations of instrument training course and resultant data was analyzed using Pearson’s Product Moment Coefficient andMann Whitney U test. In this study, a significantly relation was found between test anxiety level of music teacher candidates and instrument training success as well as between test anxiety level and self-esteem. No significant difference was found betweenself-esteem and instrument training success. Moreover, it was also evaluated whether test anxiety levels of student differ based on various variables.

Danıştayın&nbsp; 133. kuruluş yıld&ouml;n&uuml;m&uuml; nedeniyle d&uuml;zenlenen&nbsp; toplantıda,&nbsp; &ldquo;yargı kararlarının uygulanmaması sorunu&rdquo; başlıklı bir konunun bulunması, &uuml;z&uuml;nt&uuml; vericidir. Ancak ne yazık ki Anayasa ve İdari Yargılama Usul&uuml; Kanunu, idari yargı kararlarının uygulanmaması yolunda idareye cesaret verici d&uuml;zenlemeler i&ccedil;erdiğinden ve hukuk devleti ilkesinin anlamının hen&uuml;z kavranamamış olmasından dolayı, idari yargının temel sorunlarından biri, mahkeme kararlarının gereklerinin yerine getirilmemesidir. Bu uygulama, &ouml;zelleştirmeye ilişkin davalarda, Bakanlar Kurulunun, yargı kararlarının uygulanmaması hususunda ilke kararı almasına kadar uzanmıştır. <br />

Kütüphanecilik ve bilgileşim çalışmalarının mesleki niteliğinin tartışıldığı bildiride, bir sosyal bilimcinin belirlediği altı ölçüt çerçevesinde bu çalışma alanının profesyonelliği ölçülüyor. Bildiride, beceri ve bilgiler teknik ve mesleki düzeyler itibariyle saptanıyor. Onbir sorumluluk alanı belirlenmiştir, bunlardan ikisi, genel olarak topluma karşı sorumluluklar olup, bilginin engellenmeksizin akışı ve bireylerin istedikleri bilgilere erişebilme hakları ile ilgilidir.

<p>Bu çalışmanın amacı “aktif öğrenme” temelli olarak tasarlanan “Ben Bir Kâşifim, Yaşadığım Kenti Keşfediyorum” başlıklı TUBİTAK 4004 Bilim ve Toplum Projesinin bulgularını paylaşmaktır. Projenin amacı, öğrencilere bilimsel bakış açısı kazandırarak, bilimsel düşünme ve araştırma yönteminin uygulanması ile tarihi çevrenin sahip olduğu değerler konusunda farkındalık oluşturmaktır. Hedef grup Mersin İli Tarsus ilçesinde yaşayan 5. ve 6. sınıf öğrencileri olarak belirlenmiştir. 25’er katılımcıdan oluşan üç grup halinde yapılan etkinliğe toplanda 75 öğrenci katılmıştır. Proje kapsamında uygulanan etkinlikler “aktif öğrenme” yaklaşımına göre tasarlanmıştır. Proje sonuçlarını proje amaçları doğrultusunda değerlendirebilmek için bir ön-test ve biri etkinlik sonu diğeri bir ay sonra olmak üzere iki son-test uygulanmıştır. Ön-test ve son -testte aynı soruları içeren aynı çoktan seçmeli test kullanılmıştır. Test sonuçları SPSS ile analiz edilmiştir. Bu çerçevede dört bölümden oluşan bu çalışma kapsamında birinci bölümde aktif öğrenme yaklaşımı; ikinci bölümde proje tasarımı; üçüncü bölümde analiz sonuçları; son bölümde ise proje değerlendirmesi ve benzer projeler için öneriler yer almaktadır</p>

Nanotechnology 100 nanometer scale in a small and rapidly developing science and technology field. Each area of nanotechnology to create advanced products with new techniques, medicine, health, food, packaging materials and systems, pharmaceutical, electronic industries, such as benefits. Utilization of nanotechnology in the food sector to a limited extent useful and impor¬tant, although still used. In recent years, studies worldwide food industry is seeking ways to exploit this technology the most. On the other hand more recently because of the increase in consumption of food, fresh food is prepared and to be resistant for a long time became a prio¬rity and has focused on these issues. Especially in terms of food quality and shelf life of pro¬cessed meat and fishery products and packing of fresh fruits and vegetables are underway. Na¬notechnology in the food industry creates new food and intelligent packaging systems. Especi¬ally recently developed edible films, antimicrobial packaging, biodegradable materials, such as technological systems nanosensörler food safety and shelf life can be controlled. Nanofood technology is gaining increasing importance in the world although precise information be ob¬tained about the effects on public health and the environment. In this article, nanotechnology, and aquatic products industry has been compiled to date information about the fields and met¬hods.

Background and Design: In view of the evolving knowledge about the presence of the potent proinflammatory galectin-3, a member of the galectin family, in the cells (mainly T-lymphocytes) playing a key role in the inflammation process. We aimed to determine the serum galectin-3 levels in patients with psoriasis vulgaris, a T-cell-mediated inflammatory disease, and to investigate the correlation between these levels and disease activity.Material and Method: Thirty-three patients with psoriasis vulgaris and 30 healthy subjects were included in this study. The psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) was calculated and recorded for each patient. The patients were classified in three groups as group I, II and III according to their PASI scores. Serum galectin-3 level was analyzed by ELISA method. Results: Serum galectin-3 level in psoriasis vulgaris patients was found to be minimally, although statistically significantly, lower than the control group (p=0.012). We could not detect any correlation between serum galectin-3 level and PASI scores (Spearman’s rho=0.206, p=0.249).Conclusion: It seems that serum galectin-3 level is not an important factor in the ethiopathogenesis of psoriasis vulgaris and, therefore, cannot be used as a reliable indicator of exacerbation during follow-up.

ÖZ: Bu çalışmanın amacı çalışanların psikolojik sermaye seviyeleri üzerinde adalet algılarının ve iyilik hallerinin etkisi ve bu etkide iyilik halinin düzenleyici rolünü belirlemektir. 683 turizm sektörü çalışanı üzerinde yapılan araştırma sonucunda; çalışanların adalet algılarının hem psikolojik sermaye seviyelerini ve hem de iyilik hallerini pozitif ve anlamlı olarak etkilediği, çalışanların iyilik hallerinin de psikolojik sermaye seviyelerini pozitif ve anlamlı etkilediği tespit edilmiştir. Bunun dışında, çalışanların adalet algılarının her üç boyutunun (Prosedür, Dağıtım, Etkileşim) psikolojik sermaye seviyeleri üzerine etkisinde iyilik hallerinin düzenleyici rolünün bulunduğu belirlenmiştir. Anahtar Sözcükler: Örgütsel Adalet, Dağıtım Adaleti, Prosedür Adaleti, Etkileşim Adaleti, Psikolojik Sermaye, İyilik Hali. ABSTRACT: The aim of this study is to determine the effect of the employees’ perceived justice and well-being on psychological capital and the moderating role of well-being in this effect. According to the study carried out on 683 employees in tourism sector, it is determined that both perceived justice and well-being positive and significant effect on the employees’ psychological capital. Besides, it is determined that the employees’ well-being level has a moderating role for the influences of the perceived justice (Distributive, procedure and interactional) on psychological capital. Keywords: Organizational Justice, Distributive Justice, Procedural Justice, Interactional Justice, Psychological Capital, Well-being.

The aim of this research is to develop the School Process Consultancy Scale (SPCS), a scale used to evaluate the schools’ process consultancy applications, and carry out validity and reliability analyses. The SPCS is significant as it determines the schools’ process consultancy application levels and makes contributions to the problems experienced during school development studies. The sample of the research is the high schools in the city center of Gaziantep. The study group consists of 410 teachers randomly chosen from 15 high schools. An item pool is constituted based on the related literature. The content validity is provided counseling experts’ views. The validity of the scale is tested with factor analysis. The scale consists of 30 items and 5 factors. These are named as Sub-dimension Team Administrative Processes, Leadership and Authority Processes, Communication Processes, Inter-group Processes and Individual Processes. General reliability coefficient of the scale is Cronbah Alpha ,96. The explained variation is %64, 65. In conclusion, the scale is highly reliable and has adequate internal consistency.

The aim of this research is to determined the employees’ attitudes on the organizational commitment and transformational leadership behaviors. The study was conducted in the four and five stars hotels in Antalya, Aydın and Muğla. The multiple factor leadership scale (MLQ) and Allen and Meyer’s organizational commitment was used in the study. It is found that employees have middle level attitudes against to the organizational commitment and transformational leadership according to results.

<p>Today, as people allocate time for games and they have good time with them, the idea of transforming something into a game structure has emerged. Although the concept of the game is very old, gamification is a very new one. According to Zicherman and Cunningham (2011) gamification is the use of game thinking and game mechanics in non-game contexts to engage users in solving problems. The aim of this study is to inquire the research problem that “What is the gamification?” and “How can the gamification be used in education?”. This is a qualitative research. As a result of our research on the subject, an example of educational gamification has been attempted to introduce. Gamification, or the incorporation of game elements into non-game settings, provides an opportunity to help schools to solve difficult problems. Gamification applications that increase student motivation in an entertaining way have a positive effect in the interest of the students towards the lesson. Increased interest and motivation will also raise students' academic success.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Özet</strong></p><p>Günümüzde insanlar oyunlara zaman ayırdıkları ve oyunla daha iyi zaman geçirdikleri için bir yapıyı oyun haline dönüştürme fikri ortaya çıkmıştır. Oyun kavramı çok eski olmasına rağmen oyunlaştırma kavramı çok yeni bir kavramdır. Zicherman ve Cunningham (2011) tarafından oyunlaştırma “Oyundaki düşünce biçiminin ve oyun kurallarının, kullanıcıların ilgisini çekmek ve problem çözmek amacıyla kullanılması” olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Nitel bir araştırma olan çalışmamız, “Oyunlaştırma nedir ve eğitimde nasıl kullanılabilir?” problemine çözüm aramak amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Konu hakkındaki yapılan araştırmalarımız neticesinde, oyunlaştırma sürecinin bir ders uygulaması ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Oyunlaştırma yani oyun bileşenlerinin oyun dışına uygulanması, okulların önemli problemlerini çözmede önemli bir fırsat sunabilir. Eğlenceli olarak motivasyonu artıran bu uygulamaların eğitime uyarlanması öğrencilerin derse karşı olan ilgilerinde pozitif bir etkiye sahip olacaktır. İlgi ve motivasyonu artan öğrencilerin şüphesiz akademik başarıları da artacaktır.</p>

Brand image and brand loyalty are among the most important relational marketing elements for brand owners to be able to set up long – term relationships with their customers and to maintain these relationships. Brand owners improve their brand images with the positive perceptions remaining in the consumers’ minds. In addition, they try to find the customers that are both emotionally and behaviourally faithful to themselves in order to set up long – term relationships. Therefore, the aim of this study is to analyse the effects of the brand image that has a very important role among relational marketing elements on the brand loyalty in terms of the variables such as the perceived value, the trust in brand and the brand satisfaction. In this context, a theoretical model was created to determine the effect of the brand image on the brand loyalty thanks to the Structural Equation Model (SEM). According to this aim and this model, the study was carried out in the scope of the data collected through the questionnaires in Konya with the method of convenience sampling. The results of the research showed that the brand image has positive significant effects on the perceived value and the trust in brand and that the trust in brand has positive significant effects on the brand satisfaction, and that the brand satisfaction has positive significant effects on the brand loyalty. Thus, the hypotheses that the brand image has direct effects on the perceived value and the trust in brand and that the trust in brand has direct effects on the brand satisfaction and that the brand satisfaction has direct effects on the brand loyalty were supported. In addition, the findings about whether the perceived value has a significant effect on the brand satisfaction were also acquired.

Demir-Bakır ve Demir-Bakır-Grafit karışunları olmaküzere iki farklı demir esaslı malzeme toz metalurjisiyönteıni ile üretihn iştir. Üretim işlemi ise, tozlarınkarıştırılması, soğuk presleme, 1 125°C' de veparçalanmış amonyak atmosferi altında sinterleme vefırında soğunna kademelerini içermektedir. DemirBakırkarışımlarında bakır yüzdeleri %2 'den, %3.5' akadar 0.5 adımlarla arttırıhnıştır. Demir-Bakır-Grafitkarışımlarında ise, bakır ıniktarı sabit (%3) tutulurken,grafıt ıniktarı %0'dan %1.25'e 0.25 adımlarlaarttırılmıştır. Sinterlenen numunelerin özelliklerinigeliştirmek için, soooc· de 120 dakika bekleyip sonraha\ada soğutına ısıl işlemine tabi tutulmuşlardır.Üretilen demir esaslı yapısal parçaların ısıl işlemiyapıldıktan sonra nıeydana gelen ınikroyapısaldeğişikliklerin neler olduğu ve malzeme sertliğine nasıletki yaptığı incelenm iştir. Yapılan çalışmalarınsonunda nuınunelerin havada soğutulmasıyla oluşanince taneli yapı ve numune yoğunluğunun artn1asındandolayı deınir-bakır alaşımı numunelerin sertliğininantığı tespit edilm iştir. Demir-Bakır-Grafıtnumunelerinde ise, grafit 1niktarının artması ile perlitik: apının oluşınası gerçekleşmekte ve sertlik aıtışımeydana gelrnektedir. Ayrıca ince taneli bir yapınınoluşınası da sert) i ği arttıran diğer bir faktördür.

In this article is emphasized that “ana dil” and “ana dili” terms. These terms will explained how to use in Turkish and Turkish Language education.

Objectives: To compare the visual prognosis and postoperative complication rates of secondary anterior chamber (AC IOL) and scleralfixated (SF) intraocular lenses (IOL) after complicated phacoemulsification surgery. Materials and Methods: Thirty eyes of thirty patients were reviewed for this retrospective study. The patients with secondary AC IOL implantation formed group 1 (n=15), and the patients with secondary SF IOL implantation formed group 2 (n=15). Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) with Snellen chart, biomicroscopic examination, intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement with applanation tonometer, gonioscopy performed by Goldmann’s 3-mirror contact lens, and fundus examination were performed preoperatively in all patients. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in postoperative BCVA (p=0.492) and postoperative success (BCVA not changed or better postoperatively) between the 2 groups (p=0.598). Postoperative success rate was 80% in group 1 and 93.7% in Group 2. The postoperative cylindrical power of the eyes did not differ significantly between the groups (p=0.220). The postoperative complications in group 1 were as follows: transient corneal edema in 5 eyes, transient IOP elevation in 2 eyes, postoperative fibrinous reaction in the anterior chamber in one eye, late-onset secondary glaucoma in one eye, hyphema in one eye, cystoid macular edema in one eye, vitreous prolapse into the anterior chamber in one eye, and IOL malposition in one eye. The postoperative complications in group 2 were as follows: transient corneal edema in 3 eyes, vitreous prolapse into the anterior chamber in 2 eyes, IOL malposition in 2 eyes, transient IOP elevation in one eye, and retinal detachment in one eye. Conclusion: In this study, both IOL types were observed to be preferable in cases without adequate capsular support following complicated cataract surgery. However, further studies with large numbers of patients are needed to define the best choice of IOL in patients with inadequate capsular support. (Turk J Ophthalmol 2014; 44: 102-7)

<div><p><em>Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi</em>, Cilt: XIX, Sayı: 2 (15 Aralık 2015)</p><p><em>Cumhuriyet University Journal of Faculty of Theology,</em> Volume: XIX, Issue: 2 (December 15, 2015)</p></div>

The damage mechanism of homocystinuria which occurs due to cystationine β-synthase deficiency, is not known. However it is proposed that transmetilation disorders and NMDA mediated excitotoxicity cause endothelial damage thereby leading to vascular thrombosis and epileptic seizures. In this case report the cranial MRI and MRI angiography of a 10 year-old boy with homocystinuria revealed bilateral internal carotid artery occlusion so in the context of clinical and radiological findings of homocystinuria,emergence of mechanisms are emphasized.

Bu çalışmada stereo kamera sistemi ile farklı cisimlerin derinliklerinin yani paralel kamera düzlemine uzaklıklarının tespit edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Kurulan test düzeneğinde sağ ve sol görüntünün elde edilmesi için iki adet sabitlenmiş kamera ve bunlardan alınan görüntüleri işleyen bir adet bilgisayar bulunmaktadır. Kameralar sabit olarak yerleştirildikten sonra satranç tahtası yardımıyla kalibre edilmiştir. Kalibre işleminden sonra her iki kamera için esas ve temel matrisler, birinci ve ikinci kameralar arasında dönme ve öteleme matrisi bulunmuştur. Ardından sol ve sağ kameradan alınan iki adet görüntü üzerinde doğrultma işlemi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Buna bağlı olarak derinlik haritası ve uzaklık bilgisine ulaşılmıştır. Derinlik bilgisi bulma işleminin robot ve araçlardaki uzaklık algılama sistemlerinden engelliler için uzaklık tayinine kadar birçok alanda kullanılması mümkündür.

<p>Bu çalışmanın amacı, 6.sınıf ışık ve ses ünitesinde 5E öğrenme modeline dayalı etkinliklerin öğrencilerin bilimsel süreç becerileri ve akademik başarıları üzerindeki etkisini belirlemek ve bu etkinliklerin derste kullanımına yönelik öğrenci görüşlerini tespit etmektir. Bu amaca hizmet etmesi açısından 5E öğrenme modeline dayalı olarak rehber etkinlik seti geliştirilmiş ve setin süreçte etkililiği değerlendirilmiştir. 2011-2012 eğitim-öğretim yılında Sinop ili merkez ilçesinde bir ilköğretim okulunda altıncı sınıfa devam eden 25 deney ve 17 kontrol grubu öğrencisi ile gerçekleştirilen bu araştırmada karma yöntemler araştırma yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın nicel bölümünde, ön test son test kontrol gruplu deneysel desen kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın deney grubu öğrencileri ile gerçekleştirilen nitel bölümünde ise durum çalışması (casestudy) yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma süresince elde edilen nicel verilerin analizleri SPSS 15.0 istatistik paket programı ile nitel verilerin analizi ise içerik analizi ve sürekli karşılaştırılmalı veri analizi yöntemleri birlikte kullanılarak NVivo 8.0 Nitel Veri Analizi Programı ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmada 5E öğrenme modeline uygun hazırlanan rehber etkinlikleri ile desteklenen dersin öğrencilerin bilimsel süreç becerileri ve akademik başarıları üzerinde anlamlı ve olumlu etkisi olmuştur.</p><p> </p><p> </p>

The Battles at Dardanelles (The Gallipoli Campaign) and the ensuing victory transformed the awakening which started with the disaster of Balkan Wars into a revival. People as Turks regained their self-confidence. The confidence that was gained at Dardanelles encouraged Turks to rise and start the War of Independence. The War of Independence was an audacious act. This audacity, however, arose from the selfconfidence gained from the Dardanelles. The Battles at Dardanelles also declared a muslim oriented society void. They extinguished the idea of Pan-Islamism. They rekindled the idea of Turkish nationalism and proved that what was real and applicable was Turkish nationalism. The events that had happened before the Battles at Dardanelles and the vast losses of territory created the opinion, among those who were able to see the bigger picture, that the nation reverted to the circumstances of Ergenekon (Birth of Nation) and as a result they began to expect a national hero to be saved. The Battles at Dardanelles created the national hero who was expected. He was Mustafa Kemal, the hero of the Battles at Anafartalar. Even though Mustafa Kemal resigned from his military post, and orders were put out for his arrest and later with an imperial edict he was sentenced to death, when Mustafa Kemal began the National Struggle, Turkish nation and Armed Forces accepted him as the national leader and followed him because of the fame and prestige he gained at the Dardanelles,. This atmosphere enabled the emancipation of the Turks and prevented their disappearance from the scene of history. What made this possible was the War at Dardanelles. Turkish nation owes the recovery of its national existence to Mustafa Kemal and having him to the Battles at Dardanelles

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objectives&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;:&lt;/strong&gt; The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of hemostatic agents to the color change of dental tissues.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Materials and Methods&lt;/strong&gt;: 40 extracted human third molars which are not affected by caries used in this study. Occlusal surfaces removed to obtain flat dentinal surfaces and teeth mounted acrylic. Specimens were divided into four groups of 10 to be tested four different hemostatic agents. Prepared tooth groups were aplied hemostatik agent (Hemoban, Sultan®, USA;  Hemospad, Dentsply, Germany;  &lt;em&gt;Ankafert&lt;/em&gt; Blood Stopper©, Ankafert, Turkey; Hemostatic solution, WP dental, Germany). Before and after application of hemostatic agents to flat surface of teeth, L*a*b* values were measured with a colorimeter  (Easyshade® Compact, VITA, Germany), and ΔE*&lt;sub&gt;ab&lt;/sub&gt; values were calculated. Data were compared using Kruskall-Wallis H ve Mann-Whitney U tests (&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt;=0.05).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; The highest color change were found with Hemoban hemostatic solution. The lowest color change was observed with Hemospad hemostatic agent (&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt;&amp;lt;0.05). There were statistically significant differences amoung groups according to color change (&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt;&amp;lt;0.05).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions&lt;/strong&gt;: As a result, hemostatic agents used in dentistry as a hemostatic can cause color change over the dentine tissue. Therefore, when solutions which are used as a hemostatic agent are used, should be careful to avoid contact these solutions with the open dentine tissue.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.google.com.tr/url?sa=t&amp;amp;source=web&amp;amp;cd=1&amp;amp;ved=0CBcQFjAA&amp;amp;url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ozetkitap.com%2F&amp;amp;ei=8jOuTIzhB9fQ4wb_0OiHBg&amp;amp;usg=AFQjCNGuJMT9pBO6jP7uiv_4dsYurtJfDg"&gt;Ö&lt;/a&gt;ZET&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Amaç:&lt;/strong&gt; Bu çalışmada, hemostatik ajanların dental dokuların renk değişikliği üzerindeki etkilerinin &lt;em&gt;in vitro&lt;/em&gt; ortamda incelenmesi amaçlanmaktadır.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Gereç ve Yöntem:&lt;/strong&gt; Çalışmada çürükten etkilenmemiş 40 adet çekilmiş insan 3. molar diş kullanıldı. Dişlerin okluzal yüzeylerindeki mine, düz bir dentin yüzeyi elde etmek için kaldırıldı ve dişler akrilik bloklar içerisine yerleştirildi. Örnekler, rastgele seçilerek 4 gruba ayrıldı (n=10). Hazırlanan gruplara 4 farklı kanama durdurucu ajan uygulandı; &lt;strong&gt;G1&lt;/strong&gt;:Hemoban (Sultan®, ABD), &lt;strong&gt;G2&lt;/strong&gt;: &lt;em&gt;Ankafer&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;d &lt;/em&gt;Blood Stopper© (Ankaferd, Türkiye), &lt;strong&gt;G3&lt;/strong&gt;: Hemostatic solution (WP dental, Almanya), &lt;strong&gt;G4&lt;/strong&gt;:Hemospad (Dentsply, Almanya). Hazırlanan dentin yüzeylerine kanama durdurucu ajanlar uygulanmadan önce ve uygulandıktan sonraki CIE&lt;em&gt; L*a*b*&lt;/em&gt; değerleri bir kolorimetre (Easyshade® Compact, VITA, Almanya) aracılığı ile ölçüldü ve ΔE*&lt;sub&gt;ab&lt;/sub&gt; değerleri hesaplandı. Grupların renk değişikliği değerleri Kruskall-Wallis H ve Mann-Whitney U testleri&lt;strong&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;ile karşılaştırıldı (&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt;=0.05).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Bulgular&lt;/strong&gt;: En düşük renk değişikliği değerleri Hemospad ile elde edilirken, en yüksek değerler Hemoban uygulanan örneklerde kaydedildi (&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt;&amp;lt;0.05). İstatistiksel değerlendirmenin sonucunda gruplar arasında renk değişikliği açısından anlamlı farklılıklar olduğu görüldü (&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt;&amp;lt;0.05).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Sonuçlar: &lt;/strong&gt;Diş hekimliğinde kanama durdurucu olarak kullanılan ajanlar dentin dokusu üzerinde renk değişikliğine neden olabilmektedir. Kanama durdurucu ajan olarak kullanılan bu solüsyonların açık dentin dokusu üzerine temas etmemeleri için özen gösterilmelidir.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Anahtar Kelimeler:&lt;/strong&gt; Renk değişikliği, hemostatik ajan, dentin.&lt;/p&gt;

Cornu cutaneum is a lesion with hyperkeratoses resembling that of an animal horn and its length varies from a few millimeters to centimeters. Cornu cutaneum is most commonly located in face, ears and other exposed areas. Cornu cutaneum may be associated with benign, pre-malignant and malignant lesions. In this case report we present a 71 years old woman suffering from two cornu cutaneum of which one is called giant cornu cutaneum located in the right cheek for 5 years.

In this study, the number of specific woven fabric defects occured on raw terry fabrics during weaving production were investigated with statistical process control techniques. Raw fabrics of a selected standart fabric production were inspected for defect detection after weaving operation in a towel production company. Defects were detected by inspection of fabric on a lighted control board by experienced experts. Number of defects were noted on quality control charts. Applying pareto analysis, defects were revealed that formed 80% of total defects. Cause-effect diagrams and p control charts were created and solution suggestions to avoid these defects were presented keeping in mind that eliminating elementary causes, which is 20% of total problems, can resolve 80% of resources of problems.

Münif Pahsa while he was the Tahran ambassador, he drafteda report the organization of the affairs of state and his report wasevident indicator of his influence on the Sultan Abdülhamit II. TheSubject discussed in this report are as fellows: Development of trade,increase in the tax reveneus and restitute of finance, military,diplomacy and education such as seting up of the law school and tribal(asiret) school. Đn this paper, We will dealth with the influence of theMünif Pahsa on the setting up the tribal (asiret) schools.

As a new concept in the literature, the authors discuss the conception of “Economic Creativ-ity” (EC). The authors explain psychological characteristics of “Economic Creativity”: atti-tudes, motivation, personality traits, and abili-ties. They propose a design based on Emotion of Thought Theory (Kazemi, 2007) for Economic Creativity Development (ECD). This theory is an affective-cognitive approach that tries to ex-plain creativity. Emotion of Thought involves “Poyaei” and “Bitabi” (in Persian) meaning Dy-namism and Restlessness. According to this theory, ECD relates to connections between emotion and thought. The ECD includes pro-moting individual readiness, utilization of eco-nomic resources, attitude towards economic af-fairs development, enhancing the utilization of economic experiences, conducting economic ac-tivity education, development of economic thinking and development of emotion of thought.

Cochlear implant, converting mechanical sound energy into electrical signal, is a device that can enables to detection of sounds from cochlea. Cochlear implantation is the name of cochlear implants to be placed in the cochlea. This procedure brings up some difficulties in terms of anesthesia and surgery. Both range of patients population and surgical complications make different implantation applications. Besides age group of children who underwent surgery, this procedure can be applied to all age groups. During surgery, anesthesia technics which allow the immobil bloodness field and fascial nerve neuromonitorisation must be performed. During recovery period from surgery, it is important that patient's head movement must be kept slow and controlled for preventing implant replacement. Also in this period, neuromuscular blocking must be fully reversed for fascial nerve examination. In this article, preoperative preparation, anesthetic management and surgical aspects of cochlear implantation surgery were reviewed. [Archives Medical Review Journal 2015; 24(2.000): 159-170]

<span>The purpose of this study is to establish the effects of rigid floor assumption on shear forces that occurs on shear walls of building type structural systems. Before the advent of computers only limited number of equations could be solved manually. Thus, simplification methods have been developed to reduce the total processes. In the structural analysis of buildings, rigid floor assumption is one of these methods. At the mass center of each rigid floor, there is a master node having three degrees of freedom to represent the two in-plane translations and one out of plane rotation. In this study, the linear elastic design analysis is carried out modeling floors as rigid diaphragm and flexible diaphragm. Results of the analysis are presented comparatively. According to these results, as a consequence of rigid floor assumption, it can be an issue to get designed such buildings those construction costs are higher but structural safety is lower in comparison with flexible floor model.</span>

Microencapsulation is a technology used to cover an active core with one or few capsulating materials. This technology is used in different industries such as pharmacology, chemistry, cosmetics, food and dye. Microencapsulation thecnique in food industry, generally, is utilised to improve the functional properties and to increase the shelf life of foods by capsulating the liquid droplets, solid particles and gas components with food grade coating materials. Mostly microencapsulated foods or food contstituents are solid and liquid fats, aroma components, vitamins, minerals, coloring compounds and enzymes. Capsulating materials mostly used are starch, maltodextrin, pullulan, sucrose, maltose in carbohydrate structure; gelatin, whey proteins, casein and caseinates in protein structure and some gams like gam arabic. This review cover the subjects about microencapsulation technology, the capsulating materials and their use in food industry.

The reviews of this issue has done on Northern Cyprus (Turkish) media. The ways of apperaing the 15th of Novermber of Republic Day in newspapers is the subject of analyse. The aim is to identify the ways of public opinion. In this way the questioning between media and political parties has already done. They tried to show the effect and routing of media on society using the ways of Theory of public Opinion and Critical Discourse Analysis. The Cyprus problem was also shown on the issues of newspapers with the organising of the Republic Day ceremonies. During the questioning of public opinion has been also shown the attitude of the members of media that supported this organization of a ceremony and that only followed the process witevh their slogans. Review was on 3 local newspapers: Kıbırs, Afrika and Volkan. The review was limited on R.R Denktash’s, M.A Talat’s and D. Eroglu’s exact period in their last years. 2004, 2009 and 2011 are the years included in this chronological order. The celebrations of 15th of November every year during the periods of the last duties of political leaders has been analysed the effectiveness of these celebrations in newspapers. Finally, the connection has shown between the news of political approch and ceremonies. Review has been focused on three local newspapers and has had the best results. We believe that the other newspapers of Turkish Cypriot press will use the ways of Theory of public Opinion and Critical Discourse Analysis and will be able to achieve same the results. <br> Bu inceleme Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti basını üzerinde yapılmıştır. 15 Kasım Cumhuriyet Bayramının gazetelere yansıma biçimleri incelemenin konusunu oluşturmaktadır. Amaç gazetelerin kamuoyu oluşturma biçimlerini ve gücünü tespit etmektir. Böylece gazetelerin siyasi çevreyle olan ilişkileri sorgulanmıştır. Kıbrıs sorununa ilişkin yaklaşım gazetelerin Cumhuriyet bayramı için düzenlenen törenleri aktarma biçimlerine de yansımıştır. Kamuoyu oluşturulurken törenlere olan yaklaşımı destekleyen ve mesafeli duran medya organlarının bu durum tavırlarına, sloganlarına ve habere ne kadar yer vereceklerine şekil vermiştir. Çalışmada, kamuoyu kuramı ve eleştirel söylem analizi çerçevesinde basının toplum üzerindeki etkisi ve yönlendirmesine açıklık getirilmeye çalışılmıştır. İnceleme. KKTC’nin günlük olarak yayınlanan üç büyük tirajlı gazetesi üzerinden gerçekleştirilmiştir: Kıbrıs gazetesi, Volkan gazetesi ve Afrika gazetesi. İncelemenin sınırını Rauf Raif Denktaş, Mehmet Ali Talat ve Derviş Eroğlu yönetimlerinin son bir yıllık evresi oluşturmuştur. Bu tarihler sırasıyla 2004, 2009 ve 2011 yıllarını oluşturmaktadır. Siyasi liderlerin son görev sürelerinde her yıl kutlanmakta olan 15 Kasım kutlamalarına yönelik etkinliklerinin yazılı basında nasıl yansıdığı ve yansımanın farklılık sösterip göstermediği analiz edilmiştir. Ayrıca farklı görüşlerde olan fakat aynı dönemlerde günlük yazılar yayınlayan gazetelerin yaklaşımları ve toplum üzerinde yönlendirici etkisi hakkında bilgi verilmiştir. Çalışma, sözkonusu üç gazetede yoğunlaşmış ve bunlar üzerinden sonuca ulaşılmıştır. Kamuoyu kuramı ve eleştirel söylem analizi çerçevesinde Kıbrıs Türk basınındaki diğer gazeteler de ele alındığı durumda benzer sonuçlara ulaşılabileceğini düşünmekteyiz.

Recently, many people have used various herbs and herbal products with the aim of protection from diseases or for curing them. The inaccurate information given by the media leads to a common belief that everything which is natural is harmless. Nevertheless, the idea of ‘everything is beneficial if it is natural’ is wrong. Depending on hundreds kinds of components which plants contain, there might be unexpected adverse effects. Besides, some plants could show high toxicity, or they may interact with the other medications and cause the condition of the individual to get worse. These should be known by health workers and consumers. Therefore, more scientific studies on this subject must be conducted and legal arrangements should be done.

We report the case of a 9-month-old patient presenting for redo aortic arch surgery because of recoarctation. In present case, ascending-to-descending aortic bypass via median sternotomy was performed without cardiopulmonary bypass with good result. In spite of the fact that the different surgical and intervention treatment options of aortic coarctation are quite satisfactory, a certain group of patients need reoperation because of recoarctation. The recoarctation repair of the aorta with the extra-anatomic aortic bypass is considered a low-risk procedure with high success rate.

Dede Korkut Stories in the history of the Turkish culture isregarded as one of the important works. However many unresolvedquestions and problems related works, waiting for the work ofresearchers. In particular in the field of Turkey new information anddocuments that can not be identified or appeared naturally leaveproblems to future generations. However the new perspectives on theissue and from time to time uncovered new records have brought newdiscussions.But each debate about the subject the scientificachievement is an undeniable fact.In the context the study of DedeKorkut Stories in a few words which are unsolved will be obtained fromthe data. <br> <br> Dede Korkut Hikâyeleri Türk kültür tarihi açısından en önemlieserlerden biri olarak kabul edilmektedir. Buna karşın eserle ilgili olarakhenüz çözümlenmemiş pek çok soru ve sorun araştırıcıların çalışmalarınıbeklemektedir. Yeni bilgi/belgelerin özellikle Türkiye sahasında tespitedilememesi ya da ortaya çıkartılamaması doğal olarak problemlerigelecek nesillere devretmektedir. Bununla birlikte konuya ilişkin olarakyeni bakış açıları ve zaman zaman ortaya çıkarılan yeni kayıtlartartışmaları da beraberinde getirmektedir. Ancak konuya dair yapılacakdüzeyli her tartışmanın bilimsel bir kazanım olduğu inkâr edilemez birgerçekliktir. Bu çerçevede bu çalışmada Dede Korkut Hikâyeleri’ndeçözüme kavuşturulamamış birkaç kelimeye dair derlemelerden eldeedilen veriler sunulacaktır.

Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the levels of serum B12, folic acid, and homocysteine at admission in the cases established at the emergency department with thrombo-embolic diseases and to compare them with healthy subjects and also compare the diagnosis groups with each other.Material and Method: This study included 100 subjects diagnosed at the emergency department between March 2009-May 2009 with acute myocardial infarction, acute pulmonary embolism, deep vein thrombosis, ischemic cerebrovascular disease, acute mesenteric embolism, peripheral artery embolism and 110 healthy voluntary subjects were included in the control group. Vitamin B12, folic acid, and homocysteine levels were examined in blood samples obtained at admission. Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the patient and control group. Kruskal-Wallis variance analysis was used to compare the patient group, according to diagnosis. p%u2264 0.05 was considered as significant. Results: Mean serum homocysteine and plasma vitamin B12 levels were significantly higher in the patient group than control group (p=0.002, 0.000 respectively). Mean serum B12 values of acute myocardial infarction and Ischemic Cerebrovascular Disease groups in the patient group were significantly lower than those of the control group (p

Recent studies on the clinical importance of tuberculin skin tests (TST), interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs), chest computed tomography (CT) and polymerase chain reaction have provided a new approach to diagnosing ocular tuberculosis (TBC). However, both TST and IGRAs cannot distinguish between latent TBC infection and active disease. Another corroborative test in the diagnosis of intraocular TBC is the evaluation of the lungs by either chest radiography or CT. Direct evidence for the diagnosis can be obtained by examination of smears and staining for acid-fast organisms, cultures of intraocular tissue/fluid for Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and nucleic acid amplification analysis. In recent years, guidelines have been suggested for the diagnosis of intraocular TBC. The current treatment of intraocular TBC consists of use of four drugs (isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol and pyrazinamide) taken for a long period of time (total 9-15 months). (Turk J Ophthalmol 2011; 41: 182-90)

The aim of the study is to determine the reliability of performance scores of the medical education students in the skills by suturing and removal of suture and to investigate the scoring reliability of unbalanced data regarding students, raters, skills, tasks and their interactions by using generalizability theory. The study group consisted of 309 students who attended the Objective Structural Clinical Exam (OSCE) at Hacettepe University. 11 raters from the medical field took part in the assessment of the performance of students. Unbalanced (ö:p)x(g:b) design (ö: student, p: rater, g: task and b: skill) was used in this study. As a result, the variability of raters didn’t cause any differences in scoring. There is no difference in both skills and at each task of skills originating from rater effect. Reliability coefficients obtained by generalizability theory for the performance assessment process of the students’skills of suturing and removal of suture are at the acceptable level

This study aims to examine how national daily newspapers handle the sports. Under this broad purpose, it was examined how much the newspapers cover sports, and how sports news were distributed by type, photograph and gender. Content analysis method was used in the study. The population for the research was the entire national newspapers in Turkey. The sample included the top five papers by circulation.Milliyet, Sabah and Zaman were the papers which had most coverage of sports. Looking at the distribution of sports news in five papers by sports branches, soccer was the most voluminously covered branch, followed by basketball, volleyball and Formula races. It was found out that minimal covered was devoted to such branches as wrestling and weight lifting in which we had success. It was also found out that sports news included male athletes most frequently, while news on female athletes were almost nil. It was found out that it was daily Milliyet which had most articles on sports; it was Posta which had most news and Zaman was the paper which had most visuals in sports news. An examination by branch coverage revealed that Milliyet and Hurriyet had a higher number of branches covered by diversity.

Aim:&nbsp; In this study, we aimed to compare the outcomes of pathologic results of patients underwent transrectal prostate biopsy (TRIB) with free/total PSA ratio. Material and Method: Patients having a PSA level between 2.5-10 ng/ml and underwent TRIB were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into two groups as having a free/total PSA ratio below and over 20%. The ratio below 20% was in Group 1 and over 20% were in Group 2. Results: There were 60 patients in Group 1 and 82 patients in Group 2. PSA levels were 7,45 &plusmn; 2,14 and 6,31 &plusmn; 1,89 for groups 1 and 2, respectively (p=0.067). Fourteen patients in Group 1 (23%) and 15 patients in Group 2 (18%) were diagnosed with prostate cancer. Sensitivity was 100% and specificity was 23% when PSA level was between 2.5 and 10. Discussion: Free/Total PSA ratio can be applied to PSA levels between 2.5 and 10. Even though it has a low specificity, with high sensitivity, it can be used in urologic practice.

Mankind has acquired the term “tolerance” from the religion. Particularly the divine religions contribute to the interpretation efforts of the individual in all spheres.  Considering the fact that all the sovereignty belongs Allah throughout the earth; Islam puts forward a universal cultural formation that brings the human values fore.  As a result of the expansionist policies that involve a colonial tradition; the human values has been understood in different aspects. This is one of the main reasons that urged Muslims to reinterpret their religions.  Beside the social, political and economical transformations depending on external factors; most of the Islamic societies has believed in the separation of the religion and the politics.  While studying upon the first years of the history of Islam; It is essential for the terms to be clear and understandable. Because the attitudes of the Muslims against other languages, religions, colors, races and ideologies will spring to life with Quran and Sunnah. By the way; the traditional Islamic tolerance involves sound communicative means.  Violent responses against attacks will contrast with the peaceful bases that the Islamic thought depends on. And that case necessitates a new Islamic reconciliation and peace project around the globalizing world just like in the Medina Community that was formed after Hegira. Muslim leaders, primarily, should be ready for an intellectual attitude that can form a new reconciliation and peace culture before encountering new developments like secularism and likewise.   Özet İnsanlık müsamaha konusunu dinden almıştır. Özellikle ilahi kaynaklı dinler ferdin her alanda anlamlandırma çabasına katkı sunmaktadır. İslam dini de yeryüzünde hakimiyetin Allah'a ait olduğu gerçeğinden hareketle insani değerleri öne çıkaran evrensel bir kültür tesisini önerir.  Koloni geleneğine sahip genişleme politikasının bir neticesi olarak insani değerler farklı anlamlara çekilmiştir. Ayrıca bu kavramların hem dini hem de siyasî gücü etkisizleştirildiği görülmektedir. Bu durum Müslümanların dinlerini yeniden yorumlamaya iten ana sebeplerden biridir.  Dış etkenlere bağlı olarak Müslüman toplumlar içte sosyal, siyasi ve ekonomik dönüşümlerin yanında birçoğu fikren din ve siyasetin ayrılmasını düşünmüşlerdir.  Kur’an ve Sünnet ışığında ilk devir İslam tarihi incelenirken kavramların net ve anlaşılır olması önem kazanmaktadır. Çünkü farklı dil, din, renk ve ırklara, ideolojilere Müslümanlar tarafından sergilenecek davranışlar başlangıçta olduğu gibi bugün de Kur’an ve Sünnetle hayat bulacaktır. Zira geleneksel İslamî hoşgörü geleneği sağlıklı iletişim kanallarına sahiptir.  Saldırılara şiddetle karşılık verme, İslami düşünce yapısının dayandığı barışçıl temelini anlatmada çelişki oluşturacaktır. Bu durum hicretle oluşan Medine toplumunda olduğu gibi küreselleşen dünyada yeni bir İslamî uzlaşma ve barış sözleşmesine duyulan ihtiyaca işaret etmektedir. Laiklik ve benzeri gelişmelere karşı öncelikle Müslüman liderler yeni bir uzlaşma ve barış kültürünü tesis edecek entellektüel davranışa hazırlıklı olmalıdırlar.

Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is called Human Leukocyte Antigens (HLA) in humans. This region consists of four main groups which are the MHC Class I (HLA-I, -B, -C, -E, -F, -G), MHC Class II (HLADR, -DP, -DQ, -DO, DN), MHC Class III (C2, C4A, C4B, PF,TNF-H,I) and, MHC Class IV (SK12W, Hsp70, AIF-I IC7 B144, LTB, TNF, LTA, IkBL, BATI, MICA, MICB) antigens. Class IV region has also been referred to "inflammatory region".HLA molecules present antigens to T lymphocytes and initiate a specific immune response. Class I HLA molecules present antigens to CD8+ cytotoxic T cells while Class II Molecules present to CD4+ hepler T cells. Class III HLA molecules are not involved in antigen presentation. Class III and IV HLA molecules are primarily important in inflammation an autoimmune diseases. HLA are the most polymorphic genes of the genome . The most important field of use is the histocompatibility examination in tissue and organ transplantation Lately, the most studied subject is the association of HLA antigens with diseases. Certain HLA types are more frequent in some diseases In this review, it is given the information about structural functional features of HLA molecules and their clinical usage. Also, here is to give brief overview of HLA polymorphism and association of HLA antigens with diseases [Archives Medical Review Journal 2014; 23(3.000): 387-397]

19.yüzyılın ilk çeyreğinde Rusya İmparatorluğu ekonomik, sosyal, kültürel ve siyasi açıdan muazzam ölçüde önem taşıyan olayların yaşandığı oldukça karmaşık bir dönem geçirir. Bu döneme damgasını vuran en önemli iki olay, 1812 Anayurt Savaşı ve 14 Aralık 1825 Dekabrist Ayaklanması’dır. Ülkeye anayasal düzen getirme, toplumsal adaleti sağlama ve serfliği ortadan kaldırma amacı ile çarlık rejimine karşı ayaklanma çıkarmayı tasarlayan ve bu hedefleri doğrultusunda gizli örgütler kuran bir grup genç Rus subaydan oluşan Dekabristlerin önemli bir bölümünü şairler oluşturur. Başkent Peterburg’ta Senato Meydanı’nda gerçekleşen Ayaklanmanın Aralık ayında gerçekleşmesi nedeniyle Rusçada <em>Aralıkçı</em> anlamına gelen <em>Dekabrist </em>sözcüğü ile nitelendirilirler. Dekabrist şairler siyasi ve toplumsal görüşlerini geniş kitlelere yayma amacı doğrultusunda, edebiyatı propaganda aracı olarak görürler. Çalışmalarını sürdürdükleri dönemin 19.yüzyılın başına denk düşmesi sebebiyle, romantizm akımının etkisiyle diğer türlerle karşılaştırdığımızda çoğunlukla şiir türünde eserler verirler. Kaleme aldıkları şiirleri incelediğimizde, bu eserlerin içerik açısından birçok ortak özellik barındırdığı görülür. Bu çalışmada Dekabrist şiirinin içerik açısından ortak olan özelliklerini aktarmaya çalışacağız.

The aim of this study is to find out the characteristics of reading and public library use habits of selected primary school teachers in Ankara. Data were gathered through questionnaire that were filled out by 127 teachers in 16 primary schools in 6 central districts in Ankara. The reading and public library use of the teachers were evaluated in terms of elements such as age, sex, experience in teaching, primary school curriculum and professional courses. In addition, it was investigated whether they had been educated about these habits in their undergraduate education. The conclusion reached was that the teachers did not have sufficient reading and public library use habits because of the present education system. Bu çalışma, Ankara'da görev yapmakta olan ilköğretim öğretmenlerinin okuma ve halk kütüphanesi kullanma alışkanlıklarına ilişkin özellikleri ortaya koymak amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırmada, Ankara'da 6 merkez ilçedeki 16 ilköğretim okulunda bulunan 127 öğretmene anket uygulanmıştır. Öğretmenlerin okuma ve halk kütüphanesi kullanma alışkanlıkları yaş, cinsiyet, mesleki deneyim süresi, lisans eğitiminde bu alışkanlıklar konusunda bilgilendirilip bilgilendirilmedikleri, müfredat ve meslek içi eğitim gibi unsurlar temelinde incelenmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda, eğitim sisteminden kaynaklanan nedenlerle öğretmenlerin yeterli okuma ve halk kütüphanesi kullanma alışkanlığına sahip olmadıkları anlaşılmıştır.

<p>Il presente lavoro offre una descrizione dettagliata delle varie forme della ripetizione in italiano e in arabo. Questo lavoroè  diviso in tre parti. La prima parte fornisce una descrizione formale e semantica delle forme di ripetizione lessicale in italiano e in arabo. Confrontando le due lingue in questo rispetto, ho dimostrato che dal punto di vista formale le due lingue offrono la stessa strategia. La seconda parte propone un’analisi delle proprietà sintattiche e semantiche della ripetizione enfatica attraverso uno studio semantico approfondito del romanzo siciliano “Uno, nessuno e centomila” di Luigi Pirandello. E nella terza parte si sono messe in evidenza le varie strategie impiegate nel tradurre dall’italiano in arabo la ripetizione enfatica confrontando le forme di ripetizione italiane con la loro traduzione in arabo.</p>

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Purpose: The aim of this study is to determine the epidemiology of the Eagles syndrome among patients presenting with a long-term complaint of pain in the ear. Material and Methods: In this prospective study, 48 patients with a complaint of otalgia lasting for 6 months, admitted to our clinic between June 2012 and December 2012 were included. All patients underwent to a maxillofacial CT scan, to detect the length of the styloid process. Patients with a length of more than 30 mm of styloid process were interpreted as Eagle's syndrome. Results: Ten patients(20.8%) with more than 30 mm length of styloid process were diagnosed as Eagle's syndrome. Conclusion: In patients with inconsistency in complaints and physical examination, Eagle syndrome as one of the causes of secondary otalgia, must be considered beside the primer otalgia.. [Cukurova Med J 2015; 40(4.000): 654-660]

Objectives: To evaluate the alterations in the anterior segment parameters, retinal nerve fiber layer, and pupillary functions in smokers. Materials and Methods: In this case-control study, 45 eyes of 45 smokers and 45 eyes of 45 non-smoker control subjects were evaluated. All patients underwent measurement of anterior segment parameters with optical low coherence reflectometry (OLCR), mesopic and photopic pupillary diameter with an aberrometer device, retinal nerve fiber layer thickness with optical coherence tomography, and dry-eye assessment with Schirmer’s test. The results were compared with independent t-test by SPSS 16.0 Inc., and a p-value lower than 0.05 was determined as significant. Results: There was a significant difference between both groups in terms of mesopic pupil diameters that were measured with both OLCR and aberrometer device (p=0.03 and 0.02, respectively). Schirmer scores were also significantly decreased in smokers (p=0.001). The other measured parameters demonstrated no difference between smokers and non-smokers (p>0.05 for all). Conclusion: Smoking may affect pupillary functions, especially the mesopic pupillary diameter, and may cause a deficiency in pupil response under dark circumstances. (Turk J Ophthalmol 2014; 44: 11-4)

Culture and art activities in Turkey have generally been İstanbul-based and therefore parallel to this fact, the leading art and literature magazines have always been published in İstanbul. Local magazine publishing begins with the foundation of the Turkist associations’activities after the second constitutional period and during theRepublican years, it has shown a massive increase with the foundationof community centers. Although most of the local magazines publishedby those associations couldn’t have reached to national from local, someof them have reached the quality of the İstanbul-based magazines interms of their writers and the topics they dealt with. One of thesemagazines is the Çağlayan magazine.In this article, a general review and index of the Çağlayanmagazine which was published by Orhan Şâik Gökyay in Balıkesirduring the years 1925-926 is made. In the review part, a generaloverview of the art and literary magazine publishing from the Reformsto Republic is done and the structural features of the magazine, its artconcept, writing staff and the list of the writers who use pseudonymsare mentioned as well. In the index part, in order to be a source for thestudies which will be done about the magazine; the writers, names,kinds, publishing numbers, dates and pages of the writings which arein the magazine are stated. The writers who use pseudonyms have beentried to determined and the ones who were determined take part both inthe list of the writers who use pseudonyms and in the index part. Thesenames took part in the index section in bold after the real name. Someof the pseudonyms which couldn’t have been identified were left all thesame but they were tried to be identified by means of the clues whichare about who these people could be. <br> Türkiye’de kültür ve sanat faaliyetleri genel itibariyle İstanbul merkezli olmuş ve buna paralel olarak belli başlı sanat ve edebiyat dergileri de hep İstanbul’da çıkarılmıştır. Yerel dergi yayıncılığı ise İkinci Meşrutiyet’ten sonra kurulan Türkçü derneklerin faaliyetleri ile başlar ve Cumhuriyet yıllarında Halkevleri’nin kurulmasıyla büyük bir artış gösterir. Çoğu, bu dernekler vasıtasıyla yayımlanan yerel dergiler, yerelden ulusala yükselememiş olsalar da bunların bazıları hem yazar kadroları, hem de ele alınan meseleler açısından İstanbul menşeli dergilerin kalitesini yakalayabilmiştir. Bu dergilerden biri de Çağlayan mecmuasıdır.Bu makalede 1925-1926 yılları arasında Orhan Şâik Gökyay tarafından Balıkesir’de çıkarılan Çağlayan mecmuasının genel bir incelemesi ve fihristi yapılmıştır. İnceleme kısmında, Tanzimat’tan Cumhuriyet’e sanat ve edebiyat dergiciliği hakkında genel bir değerlendirmenin yapıldığı giriş bölümünün ardından derginin şekil özellikleri, önemi, sanat anlayışı ve yazar kadrosundan kısaca bahsedilerek dergide müstear isim kullanan yazarların listesine yer verilmiştir. Fihrist kısmında ise dergi üzerinde yapılacak çalışmalara kaynaklık edebilmesi için yayımlanmış yazıların sırasıyla yazarları, isimleri, türleri, yayımlandıkları sayı, tarih ve sayfa numaraları yer almaktadır. Dergide müstear isim kullanan yazarların esas isimleri tespit edilmeye çalışılmış, tespit edilebilen isimlere hem müstear isim kullanan yazarlar listesinde, hem de fihristte yer verilmiştir. Bu isimler, fihrist kısmında esas ismin ardından italik olarak yer almıştır. Tespit edilemeyen az sayıdaki müstear isim de olduğu gibi bırakılmış; fakat bu isimlerin kim olabileceği hakkında ipuçlarından yola çıkılarak fikir yürütülmüştür.

Kirghizians, one of Turkıc peoples, who continuedto maintain their existence, culture and identity despitethe fact that Chinese government oppressed themthroughout centuries, live in both the autonomousKızılsu Kirghiz region and in the city of Fu-Yu ofHeilongjiang province of Eastern Turkistan of China. Đnthis study, we aim to introduce Kirghizians, living inEastern Turkistan, and to present examplary texts fromtheir folklore.

Abstract There are many studies focusing on Karabuk province, which is one of the most important iron-steel manufacturing centers in Turkey, and the developing iron-steel sector in this province. This iron-steel sector and Karabuk as a whole have undergone many transformations due to the following factors: the privatization of the national iron-steel factory, Kardemir; the foundation of Karabuk University; and the implementation of training programs for steelworkers and an Iron and Steel Institute for students by Karabuk University. These factors suggest that the changes in Karabuk province are ongoing ones that will have a rapid and favorable effect on the society. To follow this change, it is necessary to have periodic studies of the iron-steel sector in Karabuk. This study empirically examines on such variables as socio-economic status, job satisfaction, and sector visions of the steelworkers.

INTRODUCTION<br />Osteoporosis, a health problem that is on the rise, has received considerable attention among the<br />health care community and the public. Numerous studies have examined knowledge as outcome<br />related to the provision of osteoporosis related education, but have focused primarily on young and<br />postmenopausal women. However, a literature review did not reveal any studies that specifically<br />addresed osteoporosis knowledge of nursing students. Therefore, it is imperative to examine<br />whether nurse students have appropriate osteoporosis-related knowledge necessary to provide<br />osteoporosis prevention education for individuals throughout the life span.<br />OBJECTIVE<br />This research was carried out with the aim of determining nursing students&rsquo; osteoporosis<br />knowledge, their risk factors about the disease, and to what extent they practice preventive<br />behaviors, such as adequate calcium intake and physical activity.<br />MATERIALS AND METHODS<br />The study was conducted as a descriptive cross-sectional research. Total 252 nursing students<br />attending to their educations at the Atat&uuml;rk University School of Nursing in academic year of 2002-<br />2003 were included in the study. The data were collected by means of question from literate and<br />The Osteoporosis Knowledge Test. Data were anlyzed using descriptive statistics in the computer<br />medium.<br />FINDINGS<br />Mean age of the nursing students participating in the research was 20.55&plusmn;1.69. The findings<br />indicated that thirth and fourth class students had significantly higher scores in the knowledge of<br />osteoporosis (p&lt;0.001). The majority of nursing students had inadequate knowledge of<br />osteoporosis. Respondents (%63.1) believed that it was unlikely that osteoporosis would develop in<br />them. They also expressed that it is less serious than other common causes of morbidity and<br />mortality in women, such as cancer and hearth disease The majority of nursing students (%75.4)<br />are not consuming the recommmended daily amount of calcium and are lacking sufficient<br />osteoprotective exercise for building healty bone (%51.2).<br />CONCLUSION<br />These findings indicate the need for further health education concerning the importance of dietary<br />calcium and exercise on osteoporosis prevention in nursing students

The narrative texts of Mihr ü Mâh have a key position among literary transactions in Classical Turkish Literature. One of those is the treatise engrossed by Zarîfî on which two dissertations at undergraduate and postgraduate levels have been written up. Results obtained from these studies revealed availability of three manuscript copies of the work in question. On the other hand, previous works attested the presence of another copy of the manuscript. Last cataloging studies carried out by the Turkish Manuscript Foundation have also manifested this additional copy. In this paper, known issues of this work inside and outside Turkey are introduced. In addition, some questions overlooked in the above-stated thesis and shortcomings stemming from readings as well are discussed in conjunction with some considerations in respect to identities of the copies predicated. The fact that one of the copies that appears in the postgraduate study which includes a comparative text of the two copies is not at odds with the inspected issues is also addressed.

Girl children, in addition to the basic education levels of education receive enough space on the top step of the family and community as the importance to be aware there is an issue This study was planned and conducted for the purpose of determining the opinions of 1180 mothers who were different in age, educational and employment status about their daughters' education. Data were analyzed with frequency and percentage tables and Chi-square test. Almost all mothers of daughters (96.2%) is certainly the view of the need for education. More than half (59.1%) of the participants, thought that their daughters were not able to benefit equally from educational opportunities today.Extended Abstract:In our society in terms of current child and family training in the first degree is responsible for the child's personality and thus the formation of a cornerstone of defining and children all life will not be deleted on the left track the first gain socialization experience of mothers of children relating to the educating effect is important. By Unicef from 55 countries covering the investigation revealed that one of the clearest findings education of mothers to send their children to school are more likely education level of mothers and children provided education benefits from the increase is effective. Of educated girls as future mothers they send their children to school tend to be too much so that a generation is transferred to another trend with individual training needs of the people and a contribution to society as a whole will grow further.This research; mother of the girls' opinions about education to identify, age group according to demographic variables such as education and working status of mothers subject to identify similarities and differences of opinion about research based on the data obtained as a result of his mother to do work on this issue may apply to researchers and make suggestions related to planned and was carried out.The survey method was adopted in this research is a work of descriptive nature. The survey method was adopted in this research is a work of descriptive nature. The universe of the study of Ankara Province Yenimahalle Health Group Presidency where the family lived in the settlement area of the mother is. Families living in the region; upper, middle-upper, middle, lower-middle income relative to the level of the minimum wage and workers' families with the majority of civil servants. Research data collected from the relevant literature by researchers as a result of a survey form was developed. Questions in the questionnaire to participants during the same words in the same direction and are the standard types of questions. This type of question is preferred because the same questions of all participants in the same way to understand, interpret and respond according to their own opinion. Researchers will be given by the participants to answer questions related to direct expression of the formal as Ordinal scale was used. Data was collected as a result of the mother with face-to-face negotiations. Analysis of data obtained from research in the end the frequency and percentage values as well as a test Nonparametrik chi-square statistical technique that is used.According to the results of study, mothers of almost all (96.2%) of girls' education must necessarily be in the view. Age group, education level and working status are taken into consideration when the mother of the girl child's education must necessarily be of opinion that the rate was found to be high were not in this opinion.The findings relating to the state variables especially education the importance of education level have been revealed once again is important. Because the educational level of parents in this respect different ideas if the parents of the low level of education for the children how important education is to stand on and not comprehend the truth should not be ignored is emphasized. Most half of mothers (84.1%) girls and boys should not be differences of opinion on receive is education. Advanced age groups of children receive the right of girls and boys in education should not be a difference of opinion that the rate is reduced. Increase the level of boys with learning and education will be needed more with the view to reduce the proportion of mothers who are highly educated on this issue between the states that do not have opinions. More than half of mothers (59.1%) today as the girls enjoy equal educational opportunities are not opinions. All three variables in the case of the girl child equal opportunities in education today can not be of opinion that the rate of benefit is determined to be high. Education status of mothers as a result of analysis except on the subject of the other two variables were not effective. Mother of girls' education up to the level required for the distribution of opinions which 67.5% of girls can read up to read level,% 21.4 'nün universities, etc. to complete high school 7.8% of high school ın the view of learning required to complete. Nearly half of mothers (41.2%) for girls preferred the view that the teaching profession. Doctor (23.9%), nurses, midwives (11.5%), lawyers, judges (9.4%), civil servants (6.0%) preferred to be of opinion that the monitors.

In this study, two gazelles of Dehhânî have been examined. It has been emphasised in various resources that he created the first examples of the classical Turkish poetry in Anatolia that can be considered as “irreligious”. For about 80 years, it has also been discussed whether he can be considered as a poet of the 13th or 14th century. The two gazelles, one with “olur” redif, the other with “eyledi” redif, contain aspects of a story of successive emotions in terms of their contents. Therefore, they can be read in relation with emotional components.In this study, the clues for forming a story of typification composed of emotional components expressed in the gazelles have been worked on. As a result, relating the couplets regarding the components of manner, tone, and psychological tension, it has been suggested that the progression of a single story of typification from these two gazelles can be observed. Whether the two gazelles have reached a universal quality in which readers of any period can find something related to themselves and some textual parameters indicating what their values are as classical works are among the issues this study seeks for.

Objective: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) is a minimally invasive method used safely in surgical treatment of kidney stones in the world. The first PNL surgery performed in our clinic in March 1998 and first PNL surgery was performed in June 2000 over the age of seventy which was bilaterally side. In our study, PNL operations performed for 75 years and older patients were examined. Methods: PNL operations were performed under the general anesthesia. After cystoscopy in the supine position, ureteral catheter was inserted accompanied by C-arm fluoroscopy. Afterwards, patients were taken prone position then we entered into the kidney with a metal needle with fluoroscopic on. We dilated the entrance with Amplatzer renal dilatators set until the 30 F. After the procedure, the nephrostomy catheter was placed in the renal sheath. 4 mm residual fragments after the PNL operation were accepted as clinically insignificant stone residues (CIRF). Results: 3003 PNL procedures were performed between dates March 1998 - December 2014 in total 16 years. 28 patients of total were 75 years and over. 29 PNL surgeries performed to these patients, including one bilateral PNL procedure. Mean age was 79.36 years (75-88). Twenty (74%) of the patients were concluded stone free. 2 patients had tubeless PNL surgery. There was no another complication. Conclusion: PNL is a minimally invasive method has became advantageous according to open surgery because of higher safety, lower complication rates, shorter hospitalization stay, more patient comfort and higher stone free rates. PNL is a safe and effective method in the surgical treatment of urinary tract stone diseases.

Yunus Emre who lived between the XII- XIV centuries is one of the prominent figures of Islamic thought history. The effect of him has endured in different fields until today, and now he is handled in a play (theatre work ya da presentation). Necip Fazıl Kısakürek who attaches great importance to theatre in all literary genre in his play, Yunus Emre, appointed Yunus Emre as the protagonist of the play. In this work, Necip Fazıl Kısakürek's play “Yunus Emre” is going to be analyzed in respect to its structural components such as identity analysis, subject, plot, personality analysis, and place and scene analysis. The tale- based life of Yunus Emre who has a prominent place in Turkish-Islamic history is pictured in this monument. In this table, on one hand Yunus Emre's adventure beginning with his coming to Anatolia is told, and on the other hand his mystical travel that he experienced by means of his poems is narrated. In the play, references are made to some social and political events that took place at time of Yunus Emre in Anatolia. Issues such as Mongol attacks and Mongol domination in Anatolia, the last situation of State of the Seljuks, the conflicts among the Principalities, the despair of the public, the various roles that the sects undertook during that chaos also take place in that play. In our survey, beside the structural elements, also such kind of thematic cases are mentioned. In this way, the sophisticated identity of Yunus Emre is aimed to be manifested. Ultimately, an important matter for yunus Emre, „Great Jihad‟ that is to say self-discipline, which is also the main subject of the thesis is pointed out. <br> Yunus Emre, XIII.-XIV. Yüzyıllarda yaşayan, Türk – İslam düşünce tarihinin önemli isimlerinden biridir. Şiirleri aracılığı ile yayılma imkânı bulan düşüncelerinin etkisi günümüze kadar farklı alanlarda sürmüş olan Yunus Emre, bu defa bir tiyatro oyunu içinde ele alınmıştır. Edebi türler içinde tiyatroya büyük bir önem veren Necip Fazıl Kısakürek, Yunus Emre adlı oyununda Yunus Emre‟ye oyunun başkişisi olarak yer vermiştir. Bu çalışmada Necip Fazıl Kısakürek‟in Yunus Emre adlı tiyatrosu, oyunun kimlik çözümlemesi, konusu, olay dizisi, kişilik çözümlemesi, mekân ve dekor çözümlemeleri gibi yapısal unsurları bakımından incelenecektir. Eserde Türk-İslam tarihi içinde önemli bir yere sahip olan Yunus Emre‟nin menkıbelere dayalı hayatı tablolaştırılmıştır. Bu tablo içinde bir yandan Yunus Emre‟nin Anadolu‟ya gelmesi ile başlayan serüveni anlatılırken diğer yandan şiirleri aracılığı ile Yunus Emre‟nin yaşadığı tasavvufi yolculuk anlatılır. Oyunda, Yunus Emre devrinde Anadolu‟da vuku bulan bazı sosyal ve siyasal olaylara da göndermeler yapılır. Anadolu‟daki Moğol saldırıları ve hakimiyeti, Selçuklu Devleti‟nin son durumu, Beylikler arasındaki iç çekişmeler, halkın çaresizliği, bu karmaşa içinde tarikatların üstlendikleri çeşitli roller gibi meselelere oyunda yer verilmiştir. İncelememizde yapısal unsurların yanı sıra, bu gibi tematik hususlara da temas edilmiştir. Bu şekilde Yunus Emre‟nin çok fonksiyonlu kimliği ortaya konmaya çalışılmıştır. Son olarak yazar için önemli bir husus olan „Büyük Cihad‟ yani nefis terbiyesi gibi oyunun asıl tez konusuna dikkat çekilmiştir.

Aim: Although the femoral shaft fractures are treated conservatively for up to 6 years in children, surgical treatment should be considered in patients with femoral shaft fractures in school age or in those who have multiple long-bone fracture or organ injury. But it is a controversial issue which surgical treatment is ideal. Material and Method: Twenty-nine femoral fractures of 26 patients whose surgical treatment of femoral shaft fractures were made with Ender nails were prospectively evaluated. Under general anesthesia, 4,5 mm of 2 Ender nails were performed from the metaphysis to all of the patients. The patients were evaluated according to the type of the fracture, duration of the union, the discrepancy of shortening-length, the rotation, limitation of the joint movement, the complications such as refractures and the criterions of Flynn in terms of the clinical outcomes. Results: The mean age of the patients was 9.2 years (4-14). The type of the fracture was Winquist Hansen type 2 and 3. The mean duration of the followup was 18 months (13-38). While the etiology of the fractures was the traffic accidents in twenty of the patients, gunshot wounds and falling from height were in the others. The mean duration of the union was 6.5 (5-8) weeks in all patients. The discrepancy of shortening-length was an average of 6 mm (2-20), the difference of the rotation was an average of 3 degree (2-7), and the angulation of varus-valgus was an average of 4 degrees (2-9) in the femurs which were treated in the patients. The limitation of the movement in the knee joint was of an average 5 degrees (3-10) as the flexion and extension. None of the patients developed refractures. Excellent result in 20 fractures , good result in 7 fractures and bad result in 2 fractures were observed according to the criterions of Flynn. Discussion: Ender nail should be considered first for the possibility of early return to school, the low risk of refracture and the price advantage in the surgical treatment of femoral shaft fractures in children aged 5 and above

Şehrengiz is one of the important local types of classical Turkish poetry. These types of classical works which provide information about the cities they were written about. Şehrengiz takes place in Turkish literature after XVI. century. Many diffirent kinds of studies have been made about şehrengiz at diffirent times up to now and the şehrengiz produced after all these studies have been one of the important works in terms of the social and culturel background of the city they were written. One of these works is D&uuml;rri&rsquo;s G&uuml;m&uuml;lcine Şehrengiz which has not been mentioned throughout history up to now. It is an improtant document as it provides information about social and culturel background for G&uuml;m&uuml;lcine- one of the important parts of west Trakya-&nbsp; after XVII. century. &nbsp;

In the postindustrial world, information is not only a revolutionary phenomenon but also a valuable commodity of exchange, thereby protected by intellectual property rights, copyrights and patents. The interactive nature of the Internet, however, has complicated the notion of intellectual property leading to the debates of whether or not the Internet should be regulated on such basis. This article aims to understand the turn-of-the-21st-century tension between the record industry and the innovative technology of Napster, regarding the question of validity of the legal concept of copyright in an age of Information Revolution. In this paper, the record industry’s attack on Napster due to its development of “peer-2-peer sharing” service, as one of the earliest sample cases concerning the criminalization of the Cyberspace in relation to the issue of copyright will be examined. To achieve this, following an outline of different approaches to the concepts of information society and information revolution, I will address the fundamental question of whether the notion of intellectual property promotes or controls innovation by focusing on the lawsuit of Napster, Inc. vs. A&M Records, Inc.

Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are the main driver of a country’s economic growth. SMEs are thought to be an important source and factor in job creation and they provide flexible working opportunities for the white collar workers. The importance of the SMEs is growing since they have an important impact on the economy which is recently in crises. The rising unemployment rates of the countries cause many social and economic problems in the world. Therefore, SMEs, as an engine in economies, should be studied in terms of their adaption of new technologies which are the most important means to enter new markets and create new jobs. With the globalization, SMEs couldn’t go beyond their national borders as much as big companies did and lagged behind of the new global markets. To be able to reach new customers who are far from their countries and to compete with their rivals in both national and international arena, SMEs should adapt to the information and communication technologies. These technologies make them faster and stronger by establishing new channels, reducing time to market, providing opportunities to work more flexible and creating new jobs. In order to catch up with these new developments, which make the firms more competitive, SMEs should consider the ICTs as a strategic integral part. In this study, it is aimed to find out to what extend small and medium companies use information technologies, if they integrate these technologies into their business processes, cut their costs by using ICTs and want to invest more for information technologies. In this work, the subject is separated into 2 sections. In the first section, the literature is reviewed and some explanations and examples are given from the world and Turkey. In the second section of the study, the survey is used to find answers to the questions mentioned above in relation to SMEs and their integration with information and communication technologies. This survey was conducted on January in 2009, with 288 small and medium companies in Istanbul -is the biggest city of commerce in Turkey. The SPSS program is to be used to compile this data which is cross-examined and then results will be obtained to be used for the present study.

The main purpose of this qualitative study is to investigate fourthgrade Turkish Teaching Department Students’ (both normal andevening education) views regarding Turkish Teachers’ speaking skills.Convenient sampling method was used for qualitative data. Prospectiveteachers’ views on Turkish teachers’ using speaking skills were exploredusing a semi-structured interview form. Target population of the studyis fourth grade students enrolling Turkish Teaching department atKafkas University. In the qualitative dimension of the study, 39volunteer students were conducted a semi-structured interview form.When semi-structured interview form was prepared, bodylanguage, appeal, the content of speech and texture and pattern ofspeech were considered by us. The qualitative data were analyzedcreating codes and themes using content analysis methods.As a result of this study, the majority of Turkish teachercandidates agree with the idea that Turkish teacher's appeal is good.Also, students reported that teachers have trouble due to lack ofsufficient words. In addition to the content analysis of the vocabulary offailure showed some negative codes such as; limited vocabulary, localdialects, words again, not being competent, not reading books,sufficiency of words in the book, coming to class unprepared, textbookscommitment, ineffective narration, uneven narration, according to theteacher book narration, indiscipline. <br> Bu araştırmanın temel amacı, normal ve ikinci öğretimde okuyan Türkçe öğretmenliği dördüncü sınıf öğrencilerinin, staj okullarındaki Türkçe öğretmenlerinin konuşma becerilerine ilişkin görüşlerini incelemektir. Araştırma nitel yönteme göre desenlenmiştir. Araştırmada olasılık dışı (amaçlı) örnekleme yöntemlerinden kolay ulaşılabilir durum örneklemesi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma kapsamında Türkçe öğretmeni adaylarının, yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu ile staj okullarındaki Türkçe öğretmenlerinin konuşma becerisini kullanabilirliğine ilişkin görüşleri alınmıştır. Araştırmanın evrenini Kafkas Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Türkçe Öğretmenliği son sınıfta okuyan Türkçe öğretmeni adayları oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada çalışma grubundan (çalışmaya gönüllü olarak katılmak isteyen) seçilen 39 öğrenciye yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu uygulanmıştır.Yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu konuşma becerisinin; beden dili, hitap, konuşmanın içeriği ve konuşmanın dokusu ve örüntüsü boyutları dikkate alınarak hazırlanmıştır. Bu boyutlar belirlenirken ilgili alan yazını dikkate alınmış ve uzman görüşlerine başvurulmuştur. Araştırmada verilerin analizinde, içerik analizi yapılıp kodlar ve temalar oluşturulmuştur.Araştırma sonucunda normal ve ikinci öğretim Türkçe öğretmeni adaylarının çoğunluğu konuşmanın hitap boyutunda olumlu görüş bildirmişlerdir. Ayrıca öğrenciler, öğretmenlerin sözcük dağarcıklarının yeterli olmamasından dolayı sıkıntı yaşadıklarını belirtmişlerdir. Bunun yanında sözcük dağarcığı yetersizliğinde yapılan içerik analizi sonucunda kısıtlı sözcük dağarcığı, yerel ağız, tekrar kelimeler, yetkin olmama, kitap okumama, kitaptaki sözcükle yetinme, derse hazırlıksız gelme, ders kitabına bağlılık, etkisiz anlatım, düzensiz anlatım, kılavuz kitaba göre anlatım, disiplinsizlik şeklinde olumsuz kodlara ulaşılmıştır.

In Middle Ages the East was centre of creation of thereligiously-philosophical theories. Philosophers of the epoch had triedto construe the categories “time” and “space”, the process of socialand historical development, the causes of the natural and socialchanges and etc. In the studies of these philosophers had prevailedreligious outlook, but there was attempted to analyze the historicalprocess and was presented surmises about various levels of socialchanges.In this article is presented the conceptions of the greatphilosophers as Y.Kindy, A.Faraby, Ibn Rushd, Ibn Sina, S.Urmavy,Sh.Suhraverdy, M.Fizuly, Ibn Haldun and etc. about this theme.

Applied behavior analysis has been shown to be an effective means to teach daily living skills to individuals with intellectual disability. In the present study pictorial cues based on task analysis, system of least prompts, and social reinforcement were used to teach a man with mild intellectual disability to wash his hands correctly. An ABAB reversal design was used with follow-up after two weeks. The results show a rapid increase in hand-washing skills.

The practices being realised in records and archive management in European Union during the accelerated globalisation after 1990’s was examined. In thatrespect entrepreneurial initiatives, projects, regulations, practice oriented models and standards, which appeared in the course of EU integration of Turkey were overviewed. Moreover, the approaches of the EU in the realm of the European integration process, which may have chances to effect the development of records and archival practices in Turkey, were discussed and evaluated.

<p>Abstract<br />Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems attempt to integrate all corporate information in one central database, they allow information to be retrieved from many different organizational positions, and in principle they render any organizational object visible [1]. The purpose of this study first of all is to conduct a literature search to identify selection criteria, critical success factors, and advantages of Enterprise Resource Planning and commonly encountered problems in ERP implementation. Hypotheses are developed and tested to investigate the differences in success factors according to the sector, in which the firm operates, ERP level, and ERP implementation stage of the firm. According to the results, functionality, cross module integration and system reliability have been identified as the most important selection criteria.</p><p>Özet<br />Kurumsal Kaynak Planlaması (KKP) sistemleri, tüm kurumsal bilgileri tek bir merkezi veritabanına entegre etmeye çalışmakta, pek çok farklı organizasyonel pozisyondan bilginin edinilmesine izin vermekte ve esas itibariyle her organizasyonel amacı görünür hale getirmektedir [1]. Bu çalışmanın amacı, öncelikle Kurumsal Kaynak Planlaması için seçim kriterlerini, kritik başarı faktörlerini ve avantajlarını ve KKP uygulamasında genellikle karşılaşılan sorunları tespit etmek üzere bir akademik yazın incelemesi gerçekleştirmektir. Firmanın faaliyet gösterdiği sektöre göre,ERP düzeyine göre ve firmanın ERP uygulama adımına göre başarı faktörlerindeki farklılıkların tespiti için hipotezler geliştirilmiş ve test edilmiştir. Sonuçlar, fonksiyonellik, modüllerin çapraz entegrasyonu ve sistemin güvenilirliğinin en önemli seçim kriterleri olduğunu göstermiştir.</p>

In this research, the results of schooling age’s lowering to 60months at the request of the parents as one of the reforms madefollowing 4+4+4 system of education which started at 2012-2013 schoolyear are going to be identified This study is significant in terms ofhaving an idea about what can actively be done to identify problemscaused by 60 and 72 months old students’ attending the sameclassroom environment and what can be done in the process of literacyeducation for the 60-70 months students who are to come in thefollowing years. As one of the methods of qualitative research,phenomenology was used in the study. The research data was obtainedfrom 17 first-grade teachers who are teaching both 60-66 and 72months old students together in the same classroom at primary schoolsin the cities, Urfa, Bursa, Diyarbakır. As one of the qualitative datacollection methods, semi-structured interview form was used in order toreveal the teacher’s opinions in detail. Semi-structured interview formconsists of two parts. The first part of the interview form includesquestions as to the personal information of teachers. The second partincludes questions asked to identify teacher opinions about the processof literacy education of students starting the first-grade at primaryschool with different chronological age range. Pre-interviews withteachers were conducted and expert opinion was taken in thepreparation process of the questions. Content analysis method wasused for the analysis of the data obtained from the research. In the lightof the data obtained, opinions of first-grade primary school teachersabout the comparison of the literacy education processes of first-gradestudents regarding their chronological age range, the problemsencountered during the process and possible solutions were revealed;suggestions relevant to the issue were made. <br> Bu araştırmada 2012-2013 eğitim-öğretim yılında yürürlüğe giren 4+4+4 eğitim sisteminin getirdiği yeniliklerden biri olan çocukların ilkokula başlama yaşının veli isteği ile 60 aya kadar düşürülmesinin ortaya çıkardığı sonuçlar belirlenmeye çalışılacaktır. Çalışma 60-72 aylık öğrencilerin aynı sınıf ortamında bulunmaları ve bunlardan doğan problemlerin belirlenmesi ve daha sonraki dönemlerde gelecek 60-70 aylık çocuklara okuryazarlık öğretme doğrultusunda nelerin etkin olarak yapılacağını bilmek açısından önemlidir. Araştırmada nitel araştırma desenlerinden olgu bilim kullanılmıştır. Araştırma verileri, Urfa, Bursa ve Diyarbakır ilindeki ilkokullarda 60-66 aylık ile 72 aylık öğrencileri bir arada okutan 17 birinci sınıf öğretmeninden elde edilmiştir. Öğretmenlerin görüşlerini derinlemesine ortaya çıkarmak amacıyla, nitel veri toplama araçlarından yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu kullanılmıştır. Yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu iki bölümden oluşmaktadır. Görüşme formunun birinci bölümünde öğretmenlerin kişisel bilgileri ile ilgili sorular yer almaktadır. İkinci bölüm ise, öğretmenlerin farklı takvim yaşı aralığında ilkokul 1. sınıfa başlayan öğrencilerin okuma yazma süreçleri hakkında düşüncelerini belirlemek amaçlı sorular bulunmaktadır. Bu soruların hazırlanma aşamasında öğretmenlerle ön görüşme yapılmış ve uzman görüşünden faydalanılmıştır. Araştırmada elde edinilen verilerin analizinde içerik analizi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler sonucunda, ilköğretim 1.sınıf öğretmenlerinin, ilkokul 1.sınıf öğrencilerinin okuma–yazma süreçlerinin farklı takvim yaşı yönünden karşılaştırılması ilişkin görüşleri, karşılaştıkları problemler ve bunların çözümüne yönelik görüşleri belirlenmiş ve konu ile ilgili olarak önerilerde bulunulmuştur.

In spite of their usefulness as fast movers of passengers and goods in urban traffic congestion, the motor-cycle taxis have been noted for high rate of road traffic crashes inflicting injuries to many and death in some cases. Thus, a number of operators are in the occupation for other purposes rather than making it a lifetime career. This study is therefore aimed at examining such other purposes and future career aspirations of riders. It is also aimed at testing the hypothesis of the probabilistic migration model as propounded by Todaro. The data for the study is from a survey of 777 okada riders in two states of South West Nigeria. Using binary logit regression approach, the determinants of career choice among respondents are examined. The findings of the study shows employment as okada riders are for raising start-up capital in most cases, and that education, current earnings level and apprenticeship skills training among others are statistically significant variables affecting career aspiration among the respondents. Provision of commensurate employment for the educated youths and relaxing capital constraints for those with previous skills training are some of the policy implications of findings.

The purpose of this study was to investigate gifted students’ images of scientists. The study involved 25 students in grades 7 and 8. The Draw-a-Scientist Test (DAST) (Chamber, 183) was used to collect data. Drawings were eval-uated using certain criterion such as a scien-tist’s appearance and investigation, knowledge and technology symbols and gender and working style, place work, expressions, titles-captions-symbols and alternative images and age. The results showed that gifted students’ perceptions about scientists were stereotypical, generally with glasses and laboratory coats and working with experiment tubes, beakers indoors and using books, technological tools and dominantly lonely males. Most gifted stu-dents drew male scientists. Although females drew male scientists, none of the boys drew female scientist.

<p>In this study it was aimed to make the studies of the translation of Perception of Organizational Politics Scale into Turkish and the validity and reliability of the scale. Perceptions of Organizational Politics Scale’s (POPS) validities has been tested in terms of view, content and structure. The application is designed as a two-stage process. In the first stage, face and content validity was tested. In the second stage, it was sought evidences for the construct validity of the scale by making exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and then the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to the data obtained. In determining the reliability of the scale item-total score correlations and Cronbach alpha coefficient was used. The application made for the validity and reliability of the scale was conducted on the data collected from 277 faculty members working in universities’ education faculties. As a method of achieving those faculty members "Simple randomized (random) sampling" is used. The psychometric properties of the Turkish version of Perception of Organizational Politics Scale showed that the scale has a satisfactory level of reliability and validity for the Turkish employee sample.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Özet:</strong> Bu araştırmada Örgütsel Politika Algısı Ölçeğinin (Kacmar ve Ferris, 1991) Türkçeye çevrilmesi ve geçerlik-güvenirlik çalışmalarının yapılması amaçlanmıştır. Çeviri aşamasında Brislin, Lonner ve Thorndike (1973’den Akt. Basım, vd., 2006) tarafından geliştirilen model temel alınmıştır. Ardından Ölçeğin geçerliği için önce yüzey ve içerik geçerliği sınanmış, ardından elde edilen verilere açımlayıcı faktör analizi (AFA) ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizi (DFA) yapılarak ölçeğin yapı geçerliği için kanıtlar aranmıştır. Ölçeğin güvenirliğinin belirlenmesinde ise madde-toplam puan korelasyonları ve Cronbach alfa iç tutarlılık katsayısı değeri kullanılmıştır. Bu doğrultuda, basit seçkisiz örnekleme yöntemi ile Devlet Üniversitelerinin eğitim fakültelerinde görev yapan 277 öğretim elemanından veri toplanmıştır. </p><p>AFA sonucunda ölçeğin “Yükselmek İçin Gerekeni Yapmak”, “Genel Politik Davranış” ve “Dürüstlük/İş Ahlakı” olarak adlandırıl üç faktörden oluştuğu belirlenmiştir. Ölçeğin yapısal geçerliğini doğrulamak için doğrulayıcı faktör analizinde üç faktörlü yapıyı temsil eden bir model kurulmuş ve test edilmiştir. Modelin uyum iyiliği değerleri (AGFI. 88, GFI .90, CFI .95 ve RMSEA .050), POPs’un ölçüm modelinin kabul edilebilir bir model olduğunu ortaya koymuştur (Kline, 2005; Tabachnick ve Fidell, 2007). POPs’un güvenirliği için yapılan analizlerde AFA yapılmış form için madde-toplam test korelasyonları .40 ile .78 arasında değişmektedir ve hesaplanan Cronbach alfa iç tutarlılık katsayısı .92’dir. DFA yapılmış form için madde-toplam test korelasyonları .41 ile .78 arasında değişmektedir ve hesaplanan Cronbach alfa iç tutarlılık katsayısı .94’tür.<br />Bu çalışma sonucunda, Türkçeye uyarlanan Örgütsel Politika Algısı Ölçeği’nin Devlet üniversitelerinde çalışan öğretim elemanlarının fakültelerine yönelik politik algılarını belirlemede kullanılabilecek geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı olduğu belirlenmiştir.</p>

<p><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial">As getting ready to join the Europe Comminity with the experience that the Austria &ndash; Hungarian centeralist Government our local view must be observed with the sample of the European government&rsquo;s criterion. The structure which is needed in this study must be brought up. And also it has been try to show the way to the legal and pratical applications in Austria by handling the historical, legal and pratical dimensions of the concept &ldquo;Ombudsman&rdquo; which was mentioned in our country for a long time. The value and the responsibility given to this consept &ldquo;Ombudsman&rdquo; (Which was first seen in Austria) by Austria can be understood clearly.</span></p>

Aim: The initial therapy for superficial bladder carcinoma is the transurethral resection of the tumor. In spite of successful resections, there are 60-79% recurrence and 15% progression rates. Additional therapies are suggested for the treatment of superficial bladder carcinoma. We compared the efficacy of interferon alfa-2b monotherapy with interferon alfa-2b plus Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) combination therapy with urine interleukin (IL) 2, 6 and 10 levels of patients with superficial bladder carcinoma. Material and Method: The patients who underwent TUR-BT for superficial bladder tumor (pathological staging Ta-T1) between 2004 and 2007 at our hospital included in this prospective study. Intravesical immunotherapy was administered once a week for 6 weeks and there after a month for 6 months, starting 4 weeks after TUR-BT. IL levels were measured. Results: IL-2, IL-6 and IL- 10 levels in urine samples were taken at 2nd and 4th hours of intravesical therapy. A statistically significant difference was observed between mean urine IL-2 levels of patients treated with IFN%u03B1-2b monotherapy and IFN%u03B1- 2b plus BCG combination both at 2nd and 4th hours. (p=0.05) In IFN%u03B1-2b plus BCG combination group, there was a statistical significant difference between stages regarding IL-2 and IL-6 levels (p=0.05). Among patients with G3 tumors, IL-2 levels were higher at 2 and 4 hours (p=0.05) but there was no significant difference in IL-6 and IL-10 levels in this group of patients regardless of intravesical therapy received (p=0.05). Discussion: IFN%u03B1-2b and BCG combination therapy is a reliable and effective therapy in the management of superficial bladder tumors.

The purpose of this study was to analyze retrospectively 196 patients whose facial fractures were treated in our clinic and to investigate the relationships between the severity score and fracture type and the etiology.Materials and methods: Totally 196 patients (155 males, 42 females, avarage age of 33,96 ) , who applied to the plastic surgery clinic of Haydarpaşa Numune Research and Training State Hospital during four years (2004-2007) period and were found at least one facial fracture in their maxillofacial bones after the radiological examination, have been evaluated in this study. One-way ANOVA test and Chi-square test were used for statistical analysis.Results: As a result of performed one-way ANOVA test, It is found that mechanism of trauma is important for estimation in severity score of facial injury (p<0.001) but when the Chi-square test was applied for statistical analysisno significant relationship between the mechanism of trauma and patterns of fracture was found (p>0.05).Conclusion: Trauma mechanism was found as effective on fracture severity, however no relationship was found between etiology of trauma and fracture type.

Splenic abscess is a rare clinical entity with an incidenceof 0.2 to 0.7% in autopsy series. The mortality of the diseasereaches to 100% without treatment. Splenic abscessis a diagnostic challenge in emergency surgery due to itsprognostic nature. The diagnosis is difficult because of itsrarity and often subtle clinical manifestations of splenicabscess, a high index of suspicion is necessary to makeaccurate diagnosis. Herein, we reported two cases ofsplenic abscess managed by surgical intervention. Surgeons,emergency doctors or whoever consults patientsin emergency department must be aware of this condition,in order to make a proper management approachand reduce mortality and morbidity.

<p>Etkileşimli kitap okuma, yetişkinin çocuğa<strong> </strong>yetişkinin çocuğa aynı kitabı birkaç defa okuduktan sonra her defasında farklı biçimlerde, kitapta geçen karakter ve durumlarla ilgili derinlemesine sorular sorma, incelemeler yapma ve sohbet etme sürecini içermektedir. Anne ve babanın çocuklarına etkileşimli biçimde kitap okuması çocukların birçok yönden gelişmelerini sağlar. Bu araştırma, okul öncesi çocuklarının öyküde geçen ana fikri ve karakterlerin sosyal özelliklerini anlamalarını ve arkadaşlık, yardımlaşma ve paylaşma gibi becerilerini desteklemek amacıyla anne-baba ve çocuğun etkileşimli kitap okumasına odaklanmaktadır. Araştırmada 20 çocuk deney, 20 çocuk da kontrol grubunu oluşturmuştur. Araştırmanın sonucunda anne ve/veya babaları ile etkileşimli kitap okuma sürecinden geçen çocukların kontrol grubundaki çocuklara oranla sosyal durumları anlama, sosyal sorunlara ilişkin olumlu çözüm önerme ve sosyal durumlara yönelik öyküleri olumlu biçimde sonlandırma alanlarında anlamlı düzeyde farklılık ortaya koydukları bulunmuştur. Bu sonuçlar, anne ve babaların çocuklarına destek olmaları açısından etkileşimli kitap okuma sürecinin önemini ortaya koymaktadır.</p>

Bilim ve Teknoloji’de hızla gelişen dünyamız da internetle yakından bağlantılı olması gereken sadece işletmeler ve bunların çalışanları değil. Artık iletişim yaşamımıza girmiş olan internet, bizi ister istemez içine çekiyor ve zaman gösteriyor ki kullan��cı olarak kalanlar bile potansiyel müşteri kitlesinin içine giriyorlar. İşletmelerin bulundukları sektörlerde ya da ek alanlarda internet üzerinden faaliyet göstermeleri o şirketin müşterilerini ve hedef kitlelerini zaten internet müşterileri haline getirmektedir. Buna ek olarak internetin getirdiği kolaylık ve bu ortamda alış-verişin pratik ve zamandan kazandıran özelliği şirketlerle doğrudan müşteri vesatıcı ilişkisi olmayan ama belli talepleri olan grupları internet üzerinden araştırma yapmaya, karşılastırma, seçim ve alım yapmaya teşvik ediyor.

Elequent and chaste discourse in our classical poetry providing they are talent-centered could be regarded as the final goal a poet wants to reach when the degree of ellipsis is considered. Within this context, I dwell upon the chasteness of word, the first step of chasteness which is the pre-condition of rhetoric. Next, I discuss specified samples from Fasîh Divan taking into consideration chaste defects such as cacophony, strange word and opposition to reconized grammatical form.

Mersin EFD Yayın Kurulu

In this study, the nexus between trading volume stock prices has been examined using panel causality test developed by Dumitrescu-Hurlin (2012) in OECD countries. As a result of a study which 12 countries are tested and monthly data of total 100 terms, it has stated that the causality from stock market index to trading volume. While this study shows that the positive or negative changes in the stock prices create trading volume on stock markets, it is clearly seen that trading volume doesn’t affect the stock prices. In this situation, it can be said that positive feedback hypothesis is valid for markets in this analysis. According to these findings efficient market hypothesis is valid for these stock markets.

The 9/11 attacks are apparently a milestone for the United States (US) and the world alike. Right after the 9/11 attacks, the US started a war-on-terrorism policy against al Qaida and its affiliations. The US had to change its priority because of the attacks and embarked on taking vigorous action to eradicate global terror networks. Thus, in its first year this war involved a maintained campaign against the al-Qaeda network and the termination of the Taliban regime in Afghanistan. This paper assesses the war on terror policy of the US against al-Qaeda and Taliban in Afghanistan and what went wrong there after the intervention. It also points out the miscalculations and policy deficiencies in promoting stability after the invasion.

The aim of this study was to investigate functional relationship between value of health service suppliers and level of social utility from health suppliers to population in Turkey from 1995 to 2004. In the study, the Atkinson indices were used to calculate from 1995 to 2004. Secondly, we used basic regression analysis for test of inter-regional harmonization process of health service. The data were depended on Turkish Statistical Institute. After analyzed we found that there was equalized inter-regional distribution of public health suppliers owing to rising value of the suppliers in Turkey from 1995 to 2004.

Peritoneal dialysis (PD) has been a successful modality for chronic renal replacement therapy for more than 30 years. Icodextrin has been a major addition to the management of ultrafiltration in peritoneal dialysis (PD). Currently, it is widely used in PD because of several long-term complications of solutions containing high glucose. Although the efficacy and safety of Icodextrin is well known, it may cause allergic reactions and aseptic peritonitis. We report an interesting PD patient with findings that do not correspond to the complications previously reported due to Icodextrin.

Background: Unintended pregnancy is a major public health problem that affects not only the individuals directly involved but also society. Most couples who want to avoid pregnancy practice contraception. Objective: The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of discontinuation of the different methods of contraception and describe the most common reasons of discontinuation of contraception usage. Method: The 2005 Egypt Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) is a nationally representative household survey of 19 474 married women aged 15&#150;49 years. The study sample was selected using a multistage sampling technique. A face-to-face structured interview was conducted with the selected women. The response rate was 99.5% for completing the questionnaires. The 2005 EDHS provides a wealth of information on fertility, family planning, maternal and child health and nutrition, and violence against women. Results: The results of this study showed that 46.4% of women discontinued the use of contraception. Side effects of the method were the most frequent reason of discontinuation. Conclusion: Nearly half of Egyptian women discontinued the use of contraception due to side effects and wanted more children. [TAF Prev Med Bull 2013; 12(1.000): 15-26]

Bu çalışma ilköğretim 8. sınıf öğrencilerinin sözel problemler ve matematiğin temel kavramlarından biri olan değişken kavramı arasındaki ilişki kurabilme becerilerini belirlemeyi hedeflemektedir. Araştırmanın örneklemini 158 İlköğretim 8. sınıf öğrencisi oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmanın örnekleminin seçiminde, olasılık temelli örnekleme yöntemi içinde yer alan küme örnekleme yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Bu çalışmada nitel bir metot (durum çalışması) kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada veri toplama aracı olarak öğrencilere bir kağıt- kalem testi uygulanmıştır. Çalışmadaki veriler, öğrencilerin teste vermiş oldukları cevaplar ve öğrencilerle yapılan mülakatlar sonucu elde edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda, öğrencilerin büyük bir kısmının matematiksel bir ifadeyi, ya da bir denklemi, ya da matematiksel bir değişkeni bir problem cümlesine dönüştürmede oldukça zorlandıkları görülmüştür. Öğrenciler matematiksel dili anadillerine dönüştürmekte sıkıntı yaşamaktadırlar.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 35.4pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">In this study, National Turkish weightlifter female team who joined preparation camp before 2008 Beijing Olympiads nutrition habits, food intake, using of nutritional ergogenic aids, anthropometric measures and biochemical findings have been evaluated. Nine athletes who have been taken the camp participated to this study. The information were collected about their anthropometric (height, body weight, waist-hip circumference, waist / height ratio, body fat values) and biochemical measures, nutritional habits of the athletes. Total energy were evaluated by taking three days food consumption records of macro and micro-nutrient consumption and and analyzed with nutrition information program (BEBIS). All the parameters have been analysized as statistics, mean and standart deviations have been calculated. It has been determined that athletes haven&rsquo;t intake sufficient energy, needs of macro and micro nutrition nutrients (especially, they have been consuming protein, carbohydrate, calcium, potassium, iron, folic acid and B₁vitamin insufficently), and their intake of fluid and fibre are insufficent. It has been found that athletes are using supplements (aminoacid, whey protein, multivitamin/mineral, tribulus terrestris, glucozamine chondroitin sulfate, gincgo bloba ve creatine) and they aren&rsquo;t conscious enough using these products. Inspite of aminoacid and protein supports, it has been understood that intake doesn&rsquo;t cover necessity. It has been found as average of athletes age is 19.7 &plusmn; 3.7 years, average of height is 156.7 &plusmn; 5.9 cm, average of body weight is 57.5 &plusmn; 10.4 kg, average of body mass index (BMI) is 23.2 &plusmn; 2.7 kg/m², average of body fat percentage is %21.8 &plusmn; 5.9, average of body fat mass 13.0 &plusmn; 5.9 kg. It has been found that there were five athletes who are more heavier than body weight (3.2&plusmn; 1.0 kg) by competition weight, and there is one athletes who has lower weight (4 kg) by competition weight. It has been concluded that athletes have needed more information about nutrition and using ergogenic aids.</span></p>

While the neoclassical school advocates that private investment is dampened by an increase in fiscal spending, an increase in the government spending stimulates private investment in the Keynesian model. The Ricardian Equivalence theorem argues that increases in deficit financed by fiscal spending leave private spending unchanged (Bahmani-Oskooee, 1999: 634). This study analyses the effectiveness of fiscal policy in the context of crowding out hypothesis for Turkey. Johansen cointegration test results verify both the Keynesian and neoclassical views for Turkey. While increases in government spending are found to crowd in private investment, government deficits are found to crowd it out.

The search of bearing geometry and performance which satisfies at best design objective along with design criteria is not so easy task. Design optimization of hydrodynamic bearings is very complex in nature. The complexity and time consuming nature of the design process of hydrodynamic bearings warranted the development of a new methodology. The purpose of this study is to use of the genetic algorithm in the optimal design of a three-lobe preloaded fluid film bearing in essence developing the bearing configurations that optimize power loss along with other design criteria namely fluid film thickness, stability parameter, film temperature, and film pressure. The results obtained and presented in this study are compared to results from numerical optimization methods such as gradient-based method, and show the potential of the genetic algorithm in optimization of three-lobe preloaded hydrodynamic bearings. This robust method has been designed to search for most feasible solutions to problems and has gained recognition in many fields.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Carbon monoxide (CO) is a toxic gas produced by the incomplete combustion of carbon-containing compounds. Exposure to high concentrations of CO can be letha and is the most common cause of death from poisoning worldwide. Cardiac manifestations after exposure to CO, including myocardial ischemia, heart failure, and arrhythmias, have been reported. A 28-year-old a patient was admitted to our emergency department with altered consciousness as a consequence of acute domestic exposure to CO from a stove. His carboxyhemoglobin level was 39%. The oxygen treatment was started promptly, and therapeutic red cell exchange was performed. An electrocardiogram revealed supraventricular tachycardia (SVT), and an echocardiographic examination demonstrated normal cardiac functions. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the second to report a case of SVT attack due to acute CO intoxication. This paper discusses the management of this complication in patients poisoned with CO.

Hantavirus is rodent-borne, enveloped RNA virus and belonging to Bunyaviridae. It had been isolated from near Hantaan River in South Korea. Hantavirus is a zoonosis that affects thousands of individuals each year throughout the world. It is associated with two main clinical disorders in man: Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome (HFRS) and Hantavirus Pulmoner Syndrome (HPS). HFRS is occur in Asia and Europe, HPS is occur in the American continent. The type and severity of diseases are closely related with virus type. Although hantavirus infection in human have been reported in a wide geopraphical are including some of the neighbours of Turkey in Europe for years any hantavirus-related infection in human has not been reported from Turkey until 2009. The diagnosis of hantavirus-related infections is based upon clinical and epidemiological information and serological tests. It is particularly important to avoid to contact with rodents because of hantavirus-related infections result in high mortality rate and in view of the present situation of missing effective antiviral drugs. Even if there are available some vaccines that used in China and South Korea any of them approved by World Health Organization. This manuscript is prepared to notice the Hantavirus-related infection which is expected to increase in the near future in Turkey and review the control and prevention measures. [TAF Prev Med Bull 2011; 10(1.000): 77-86]

It is not possible to understand the structure of the Turkish language, its’function and characteristics by only investigating it through recognised official written and standardised language. Therefore studying and searching the local language of the Turkish language brings light to questions not understandable. Additionally dialect studies not only being source of a direct reference for the Turkish language but also has an indirect input for the sciences such as ethnology, etymology, sociology, history and folklore. When considering the history and the strategic position of Elbistan and since being the capital of the Dulkadiroglu Princapality, it is worth studying this region. Because Elbistan is a centre where the ethnologic mixture is intensely populated. In order to study the Turkish tribes who settled here need to identify the region’s dialect efficently. As a result of the data that will be gathered through the Elbistan dialect analysis, will enable to question the correctness of the information of the history. With this announcement we will be showing the results of our study on Elbistan dialectDuring the study in Elbistan central and reached the whole villages where the data gathered. Method of narrow field selected, the entries have been considered in as much detail as possible. In our study we selected 10 essays as our main referenceto be used for the purposeIn our study, particular attention will be given to Elbistan dialect’s phonologic results. Also these phonological results will be compared with the surrounding dialects and the Turkish of Turkiye; in phonologic context other dialects and Elbistan dialect’s smilarity and differences variations will be demonstrated <br> <br> Türk dilinin yapısını, işleyişini ve özelliklerini anlamak, sadece standartlaşan ve yazı dili özelliğini kazanan resmi dili incelemekle mümkün değildir. Dolayısıyla Türk dilinin yerel ağızlarının araştırılması ve incelenmesi birçok anlaşılamayan noktaya ışık tutmaktadır. Ayrıca ağız çalışmaları doğrudan Türk dili için kaynak niteliği taşıyan veriler olmakla birlikte, bunun yanında etnoloji, etimoloji, sosyoloji, tarih, folklor gibi birçok bilime de dolaylı katkı sağlamaktadır. Elbistan’ın tarihî ve stratejik konumu göz önünde bulundurulduğunda Dulkadiroğlu Beyliğine başkentlik yapmış olması, bu bölgeyi incelemeye değer kılmaktadır. Çünkü Elbistan etnolojik karışımın yoğun olduğu tarihi bir merkezdir. Buraya yerleşen Türk unsurlarının incelenebilmesi için bölgenin ağız özelliklerinin iyi tespit edilmesi gerekmektedir. Elbistan ağzının incelenmesi ile ortaya çıkacak veriler, tarihî bilgilerin gerçekliğinin sorgulanmasını sağlayacaktır.Bu makalede Elbistan ağzı üzerine yapılan çalışmanın sonuçları ortaya konulmuştur. Çalışma kapsamında Elbistan merkez ve köylerinin tamamına ulaşılıp derlemeler yapılmıştır. Metot olarak dar saha yöntemi benimsenmiş olup, kayıtların elden geldiğince ayrıntılı bir şekilde yapılmasına özen gösterilmiştir. Çalışmada ise kaynak metin olarak kullanılmak üzere 10 metin seçilmiştir. Makalede, Elbistan ağzının özellikle fonolojik verileri üzerinde durulmuştur. Ayrıca bu fonolojik verilerin çevre ağızlar ve Türkiye Türkçesi ağızları ile karşılaştırılması yapılıp; fonolojik anlamda diğer ağızlarla Elbistan ağzının birleşen yönleri ve farklılaşan varyasyonları ortaya konulmuştur.

<p>Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, Chemical Abstracts Service , EBSCO Discovery Service, Google Scholar, WorldCat ve Zentralblatt MATH indekslerinde taranmaktadır.</p><p><br />Süleyman Demirel University Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences is indexed in Chemical Abstracts Service, EBSCO Discovery Service, Google Scholar, WorldCat and Zentralblatt MATH.</p>

The importance of the Internet as a tool for mass communication and public relations is emphasized and the use of Internet for such purposes in librarianship and information studies is explained. Bu makalede Internet'in yeni bir kitle iletişim ve halkla ilişkiler aracı olarak önemine değinilmekte ve kütüphanecilikte Internet'in bu amaçla nasıl kullanılabileceği anlatılmaktadır.

With this case, it is aimed to present a patient who was followed up with a diagnosis of schizophrenia nearly 30 years, had personality and behaviour changes added to clinical course for the last 4-5 years, had diagnostic confusion and was finally diagnosed with frontotemporal dementia superimposed on schizophrenia.Neurodegenerative diseases should be considered as either differential diagnosis or coexistence in case of symptoms such as cognitive decline or personality and behavior changes occurred in the clinical course of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders.

Mankind preferred naming, using and defining plants because of living together with nature. Plants which were the closest living creature to the human after their species had been renamed in different ways throughout history. While these namings were being done, names of the organs, animal names, character names, numbers, names of various diseases had been used. Benefiting from plants grown/brought geography or ethnic factors is another useful way in naming of plants. The method being followed about consisting terms of plant give information about the place where the plant was grown in and give some hints about language structure of the region.<BR>Using grown/brought geography of plants or benefiting of ethnic factors in naming discovered the usage in generation of the terms such as continental names Africa, America, Asia, Europe; country names like Germany, Angola, Arabia, Brazil, Algeria, China, India, Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, Cyprus, Manchuria, Mexico, Egypt, Syria, Turkey, Yemen, New Zeland; city names like Adana, Adıyaman, Amasya, Ankara, Antep, Azov, Bursa, Çanakkale, Diyarbakır, Crete, Halep, Isparta, İstanbul, İzmir, Karaman, Maraş, Medine, Mekke, Trabzon, Van, Yalova.<BR>Variety of notion clutter in the plant terminology is a continuous process starting from the first Turkish monuments to present. In this process, some of the plant names created with Grown/Brought Geography or ethnic naming draws attention.

Türkiye'de yetistirilen Akkaraman, Daglıç, Karayaka, Sakız, Anadolu Merinosu, Kıvırcık, Tahirova, Sönmez, Türkgeldi, Karakas ve Norduz koyun ırklarından elde edilen yünler kökboya ile mordansız ve mordanlı olarak boyanmıstır. Toplam 48 boyama sonucunda her ırkın verdigi renkler subjektif ve objektif olarak degerlendirilmistir. Her koyun ırkı farklılık göstererek, subjektif degerlendirmede pembe, gül kurusu, bordo, kızıl kahve vb. gibi renkler verdigi, objektif degerlendirmede ise dE degerinin 31,01 ile 69,25 arasında degistigi belirlenmistir.

The study area is important strait of our country and Lesvos Island between on the where the Biga Peninsula and Lesvos Island approach. Greenpeace, Southeast ANSE (Asociacion de Naturalistas del Sureste), WWF (World Wildlife Fund). As a result of these attempts, on April 15-19, 2002 ICCAT (International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tuna) and GFCM (Genaral Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean) gathered in Malta and studied on fish stocks and statistic values. At last, on April 29, 2002 they published a moratorium aimed at European Community Ministries in Cartagena. The objective of this work is to tourism process affecting life and safety aquatic biosphere, which the intensive interactions take places and discusses optimization proposals for Thunnus thynnus farmers.

This research focused on the awareness level of Sports of Physical Education (BESYO) teaching department last year students towards the effects of sports in mentally insufficient individuals. In the research, “Individual Information Form” which is developed by researchers and “The Awareness Level Towards The Effects Of Sports In Mentally Insufficient Individuals Scale (ZEBSEYFÖ) ” which is developed by İlhan and Esentürk (2015) as data collection tools are used. Awareness level of the participants are compared by the perspectives of gender, availability of mental insufficiency in family, availability of having education towards disability, availability of mentally insufficient individuals of being witness to sports education and state of the participants by doing sports. While the universe of the research include the candidates of BESYO teaching department which are assumed to be graduated in 2014-2015 academic year, the universe of sampling include 615 teacher candidates consist of physical education and sports 248 women and 367 men students which are studying their last year in selected universities by coincidencal sampling. SPSS 17.0 statistics packaged software is used to evaluate datas and to determine calculated norms. Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal Wallis H from nonparametric tests and percenrage distribution, arithmetic average and standard deviation from descriptive statistics are used for abnormal divisioning datas according to testing of normality . According to evidences revived; there is no significant evaluations statistically by the perspectives of gender, availability of individuals that have mental insufficiency in family, availability of mentally insufficient individuals of being witness to sports education (p>0.05). Nonetheless; there is significant evaluations by the perspectives of availability of having education towards disability and state of the participants by doing sports. This significance turns out to be on behalf of doing active sports and having education towards disability for the participants. Consequently, it is discovered that the awareness level of the teacher candidates which are doing sports as an active way and having physical education and sports education towards the effects of sports in mentally insufficient individuals is high by evidence provided by (ZEBSEYFÖ) scale that recently joined into the national literature. However, different and supportive works are needed to provide generalisation about the subject.

The sacred book of Zoroastrians, The Avesta can not be still stateddefinitely where and when it was collected. The silence of avestan textstowards historical events,the large geographical spread of the Aryansand being too late to handwrite Avesta complicate the determination ofplace and time which avestan texts created. Therefore,it is applied tothe comparison of the social construction into texts with archeologicaland historical data,to the lexicology of avestan texts,the grammaticalstructure,in order to indicate historical geography of Avesta.Being examined the grammar of Avesta, the lexicology and thesocial view at this study, it is managed to determine the date and theplace of this work’s creation.It is definite that after years of researchesthat have been made over The Avesta related to its grammaticalbackground , it is lucid that that language made use of The Avestademonstrates a great deal of similarities with the Sanskrit .Furthermore; in the old chapters of the Avesta called Gathas showthat these similarities much more identical and visible in comparisonwith known chapters. This situation leads researchers to think thatboth the oldest parts of the Avesta and the Vedas were written in themean time at the same era . Moreover; it is thought that the Avesta wascompiled in the environment of today’s present time India . It isreckoned that chapters like the Vendidad, Yashts, Visperad have beenintroduced after the Gathas, additionally, it is explained thatimmigration of Aryans for some degree influenced resemblence of thelanguages, such as; The Sanskrit and the language made use of theAvesta. In addition to this, direction of the migrations was from Northwest India into Iran.At first sight , theory tried to be explained by ethimologicalperspective, now; after over the yaears is also supported by concrete,nonabstract branches of science , namely, Archeology . In the text ofthe Avesta, researchers also found out that sociological life segmentstook part in the Avesta. For instance, the most sacred animal figurestated in the Avesta was Horse and the other animal figure givenimportance to was Dogs that all were excavated and found out in gravesbeing near to Iran and Hazar surroundings . Additionally , hand craftedtools made by Iron were also found out in spelchers . Iron as an elementand mine , it was stated as sacred in the Avesta texts so; that situationdemonstrates that the Avesta was written and compiled by people whotook part in the Avesta ;for instance , Iron mine taken advantage of toolmaking in that area is also initiated with the Aryans so, it gives us aclue that cultural integration also influenced texts of the Avesta. In the late texts of the Avesta, so called; Vendidad reflects stages of being government and political organization of the Iran and the groups which affected the stages of the political developments of Iran, for example; Median, Persian, Parthian.All in all, in this essay grammar structure of the Avesta, its language and its ethimological background and social life patterns were tried to be explained and illuminated with the help of grammatical and archeological concrete evidences in order to target the origin of the Avesta and the time when it was collected. <br> Zerdüştîlerin kutsal kitabı olan Avesta’nın nerede ve ne zaman derlendiği hâlâ kesin olarak belirlenememiştir. Avesta metinlerinin tarihsel olaylar karşısındaki suskunluğu, Aryanların geniş bir coğrafyaya dağılmış olması ve Avesta’nın oldukça geç tarihlerde yazıya geçirilmesi, Avestik metinlerin oluştuğu yer ve zamanın belirlenmesini güçleştirmektedir. Bu nedenle Avesta’nın tarihi coğrafyasını belirlemek için Avesta metinlerin söz varlığına, gramer yapısına ve metinlerde bahsedilen toplumsal yapının arkeolojik-tarihsel verilerle mukayesesi yoluna başvurulmaktadır. Avesta üzerinde yapılan gramer incelemeler Avesta dili Sanskrit dili arasında büyük benzerlikler olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Avesta’nın Gāthālar adı verilen en eski bölümlerde bu benzerlik daha belirgindir. Bu durum dilbilimcilerin Avesta’nın en eski bölümlerinin Vedalarla çağdaş olduğunu ve Avesta’nın Hindistan’a yakın bir coğrafyada derlenmeye başlandığını düşünmelerine yol açmıştır. Gāthālar’dan sonra yazıldığı düşünülen Vendidad, Yaştlar, Visperad gibi bölümlerde ise Sanskrit dili ile ortaklığın bir ölçüde azalması Aryanların göçler yoluyla birbirlerinden ayrılmasıyla açıklanmaktadır. Bu yayılımın ana hattının kabaca Hindistan’ın Kuzey-Batısından İran içlerine doğru olduğu düşünülmektedir.Başlangıçta sadece dilbilimsel kanıtlarla ispatlanmaya çalışılan bu teori zaman içersinde arkeolojik kanıtların da devreye girmesiyle maddi kalıntılarla da desteklenmeye çalışılmıştır. Avesta metinlerinde manzarası çizilen toplumsal hayatın arkeolojik izleri aranmış ve tutarlı baı sonuçlara da ulaşılmıştır. Örneğin Avesta’da en önem verilen hayvanlar olan atların ve köpeklerin insanlarla birlikte gömüldüğü mezarlar ele geçmiştir. Avesta’nın içerik olarak eski bölümleri olan Yaştlar ile İran ve Hazar çevresinin arkeolojik buluntularının örtüştüğü görülmüştür. İran coğrafyasında MÖ XIV. Asırdan itibaren görülmeye başlanan demir aletler de Avesta’da kutsanan demir madeninin bir yansıması olarak yorumlanmış ve Aryan göçleriyle ilişkilendirilmiştir. Avesta’nın görece geç derlenen bölümlerinden Vendidad ise devletleşme aşamasını yansıtmaktadır ve daha ziyade İran’ın siyasal örgütlenme konusunda daha ön plana çıkan eski Med ve Pers veya Parth coğrafyasıyla bağlantılı olduğu tahmin edilmiştir. Özet olarak Bu çalışmada özellikle Avesta’nın gramer yapısı, söz varlığı ve toplumsal manzarası dilbilimsel ve arkeolojik kanıtlar yoluyla incelenerek bu eserin oluşum tarihi ve yeri saptanmaya çalışılmıştır.

Objective: This study aims to evaluate, the level of knowledge about the disease of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and its relationship with the disease activity. Methods: A total of 50 patients with RA, diagnosed according to 2010 ACR/EULAR Rheumatoid Arthritis classification criteria, included in this study. Demographic features of patients were recorded. Turkish version of Patient Knowledge Questionnaire (PKQ) used to evaluate the level of knowledge about the disease of patients with RA. Daily activity score (DAS-28), Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) and visual analog scale (VAS) were used to evaluate the activity of the disease. Results: The mean age of patients was 57.2±12.2 (36 females and 14 males). The mean of disease duration was 6.2±5.8 years. The mean was 3.2 (maximum value 9) for etiology, symptom and laboratory components, the mean of medication component: 2.9 (maximum value 7), the mean of exercise component: 2.4 (maximum value 7), the mean of protection of joints and energy component: 2.4 (maximum value 7) of PKQ. The total mean point was 10.9 (maximum value 30). There was no correlation between PKQ points and HAQ, DAS-28 and VAS parameters but there was a positive correlation between disease duration and PKQ points. Conclusion: The results of the study show no relationship between level of knowledge about the disease and disease activity and also functional status. On the other hand the level of knowledge about disease of patients with RA is very low. The results show the need for education programs and informative activities about RA. J Clin Exp Invest 2014; 5 (3): 429-434

Semantic change, may be described as one word becoming to havea expression of a different concept in time, or its making its meaningrange narrower or wider. Not be separated from context and meaning ofthe word. First phase of work to create a text menu, including any kind ofinvestigation requires such an approach. As a result, primarily of wordswith multiple meanings, and even suffixes of verbs, but arises in differentfunctions. In this study, this approach has been reviewed and 17 thcentury a star-science text book that called “Kitâb-ı Usûlü’l-Melâhame”which I have suffered a change of meaning of some words in the text. <br> <br> Anlam değişmesi, bir kelimenin zamanla farklı bir kavramı anlatırduruma gelmesi ya da önceki anlam alanını daraltması veya genişletmesiolarak tanımlanabilir. Kelimenin –hatta ekin fonksiyonu- anlamıbağlamdan ayrı düşünülemez. Metin çalışmalarında öncelikle sözlükoluşturma aşamasında olmak üzere, her türlü inceleme bu tür biryaklaşımı gerektirir. Bu bakış açısıyla ele alınan metinlerde, önceliklefiiller olmakla birlikte kelimelerin birden çok anlamı ve hatta eklerinfarklı fonksiyonları olduğu görülür. Çalışma, bu yaklaşımla ele alınmış ve17. yüzyıl bir yıldız bilimi metni olan “Kitâb-ı Usûlü’l-Melâhame” adlımetinde anlam değişmesine uğramış bazı kelimeler değerlendirilmiştir.

Epithelial downgrowth is a rare, sight-threatening complication which can develop following anterior segment surgeries with corneal incisions. However, due to translucent nature of epithelial membrane and diversity of clinical signs, epithelial downgrowth usually goes undiagnosed until its late stages. Use of anterior segment imaging techniques may be utilized to ease the diagnosis of cases with clinical suspicion of epithelial downgrowth. An 83-year-old male patient with a history of cataract surgery three years ago was clinically diagnosed as epithelial downgrowth, and argon laser photocoagulation was applied on the iris to confirm clinical suspect, but no bleaching was seen on the iris. Later on, anterior segment optical coherence tomography was performed to visualize the epithelial membrane and its relationship with anterior segment structures. Anterior segment optical coherence tomography was found to be useful for supporting the clinical suspicion in this case which could not be confirmed by argon laser application. (Turk J Ophthalmol 2013; 43: 474-6)

Uniform description of developmental stages in crops improve communication among producers, researchers and others. A standardized, accurate, and easy system is needed to describe bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) plant development. The objective of this study was to develop and describe stages of bean plant development in a manner which is simple but accurate. The biological cycle of the bean plant is divided into two successive phases: the vegetative stage (V) and the reproductive stage (R). Vegetative stages are determined by counting the number of trifoliolate leaves (V1 to VN) on the main stem beginning above the unifoliate leaf. Reproductive stages R1 and R2 are based on flowering, R3 and R4 on pod development, R5 and R6 on seed development, and R7, R8 and R9 on maturation.

Values of labor and capital in production with Cobb &ndash; Douglas production function and values of factor productivity can be determined. With econometric analysis based on data of Ottomans Industry Census in 1913 and 1915; being a production structure of increasing productivity in Ottomans Industry, high level of production as concentrated - technology compared to that periods, and wage that one of the most important discussion subject in relation between labors and employers were drawn conclusions.<br />

<p align="justify">When we think of it as a whole, literature represents life. The effects of the cultural and social life that the writer leads can be seen in his novels. We can also discover many things about the writer and his view on life through his novels. Therefore it is not possible to separate social and cultural elements from literary analysis. Social and cultural elements can also be seen in Russian literature as they are in world literature.<br />Ayn Rand was a child during the October 1917 Revolution in Russia and reflects these years of youth in her novel. This can especially be seen in her novel “I Want To Live”. Rand never accepted dictatorship. She portrays his views through the use of fictitious characters.<br />In our work, we will attempt to put forwards how she portrays his views of the Soviet System and that time period.</p>

Abstract: Generally known as a coin, sikke has different meanings such as style, law, attitude and decency in Mevlevi order, Morever it is also called a kind of hat worn by Mawlawis. Known as ‘Külah-ı Mevlevî’, sikke took different shapes from the beginning of Mawlawi order until the 19th century. Shapes and forms of sikke were various according the ones who wears them. Wearing sikke completely shows worthiness and privilege. It is a kind of symbol of people making great strides in Mewlewiyeh with patience. Beacuse of its value, dressing it is carried out by the sheikh who accompanies the ceremony. During the reign of Sultan Mahmut II, Esat Pasha, the governor of Konya and previously the governor of Adana, witnessed a lot of people wearing sikke. This study examines the precautions taken by Esat Pasha, the behind reasons of interesting in wearing sikke, and the ban on wearing sikke by those people who were not Mawlawi, together with the ways to put under control those who produced sikke. Özet Genel olarak madeni para anlamındaki kullanımıyla bilinen sikke, tarz, kanun, siret ve namus gibi anlamlara da sahip olmakla birlikte Mevlevîlikte Mevlevîlerin başlarına giydikleri başlığa verilen isimdir. Külah-ı Mevlevî’de denilen sikkeler, Mevlevîliğin ilk dönemlerinden 19. yüzyıla gelinceye kadar farklı biçimlere bürünmüştür. Sikkelerin biçimi ve şekilleri giydirilen kişilerin konumlarına göre değişiklik göstermekteydi. Sikke giymek, başlı başına bir liyakat, hak ve mazhariyet idi. Sikke, belli aşamalardan sabırla ve başarıyla geçenlerin nâil olabildikleri bir mevkiinin sembolüdür. Bu anlam ve değerinden dolayı, giydirilmesi de, şeyhin eliyle ve düzenlenen özel törenle gerçekleşirdi. Sultan II. Mahmut döneminde Adana Valisi iken Konya Valiliğine atanan Esat Paşa Konya’ya geldikten bir kaç gün sonra tebdilen yaptığı çarşı pazar gezilerinde Konya sokaklarında başına Mevlevî sikkesi giymiş bir sürü insanla karşılaşmıştır. Esat Paşa’nın karşılaşmış olduğu bu durum karşısında ne tür tedbirlere başvurduğu, Konya’da Mevlevî sikkesine gösterilmiş olan bu rağbetin sebepleri, Mevlevî olmayanların sikke giymelerinin yasaklanması ve sikke imal eden ustaların denetim altına alınmasına isteğine kadar giden sürecin detayları bu çalışmanın konusunu oluşturmaktadır. Le port du sikke par les personnes non-mawlawîs et les mesures prises par l’Etat ottoman en face de cette situation Résumé Généralement connu comme une pièce de monnaie, le sikke a différentes significations telles que le style, le droit, l’attitude et la décence. Il signifie aussi le chapeau que les mawlawîs portent sur leurs têtes. Le sikke appelé aussi ‘kulâh-i mawlawî’, a pris des formes différentes depuis du début de la Mawlawiyya jusqu’au 19. siècle. Les styles et les formes du sikke étaient différents selon ceux qui le portaient. Le port du sikke était surtout une affaire de mérite et de droit car il est un symbole du niveau spirituel des individus qui ont franchi les étapes soufies avec patience et succès. Du fait de cette valeur significative, on le portait en ayant une cérémonie en présence du maitre. Pendant le règne du sultan Mahmut II, lorsque Esat Pacha a été nommé gouverneur de Konya, après avoir été le gouverneur d’Adana, il a rencontré, dans ses contrôles dans les rues, beaucoup de gens qui portaient le sikke. Notre étude va se pencher sur les mesures prises par Esad Pacha au sujet du problème, les causes du port du sikke par plusieurs personnes, son interdiction pour les gens non-mawlawîs et le contrôle de ses producteurs.

Sağlık hizmeti sunumunda ülkeler açısından ortak ve olması gereken hedef, kişilere en uygun şartlarda, kaliteli, etkin, eşit, kolay erişilebilir ve teknolojinin getirdiği yeniliklere uygun koşulların sağlanmasıdır. Ancak söz konusu durumda, sağlık harcamaları önlenemez şekilde artmaktadır. Gönüllü özel sağlık sigortası türlerinden birisi olan tamamlayıcı sağlık sigortası, dünya genelinde birçok ülkenin risk ve maliyet paylaşımı yoluyla sağlık alanında kamu üzerinde oluşan mali baskıyı dengeleyerek sosyal güvenlik sistemlerini rahatlatma ve finansal sürdürebilirliği sağlamak amacıyla kullanıldığı bir araç ve alternatif bir model niteliği taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmada öncelikle Tamamlayıcı Sağlık Sigortasının tanım, kapsam, başlıca uygulanma nedenleri ve faydaları açısından genel görünümü ortaya konmuştur. Daha sonra bu görünümü destelemek amacıyla Fransa, Almanya ve Hollanda örneklerinden bahsedilmiş, Türkiye’de tamamlayıcı sağlık sigortası uygulamasının gelişim süreci ve gelinen son durum değerlendirilmiştir.

During pregnancy, appendectomy is the most common non-obstetrical surgery. But diagnosis of appendicitis is difficult in term pregnancy due to low sensitivity of ultrasound and nonspecific symptoms that interferes with pregnancy itself. Due to the delay in diagnosis, perforation of appendicitis is high in pregnant patients which is associated with adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. In this report, we present a term pregnant patient who had appendicitis with ruptured phlegmon during labour. [Cukurova Med J 2015; 40(2.000): 336-339]

This study was to compare and research the effects of alendronate and calcitonin treatments with 2 years duration in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis. One hundred and ten women with postmenopausal osteoporosis (calcitonin group: 55 subjects, alendronate group:55 subjects) were enrolled in this study. Patients were divided into two groups randomly. While alendronate at one dose of 70 mgr weekly was administered to one group, calcitonin at one dose of 200IU daily was gived to another group. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured at the proximal femur and lumbar spine three times as before treatment, first and second year. Significant improvement was found at the end of treatment in groups itself by lumbar spine and femur BMD. A significant more improvement was determined at the alendronate group than calcitonin group (p=0.001) in the lumbar spine. Statistically a difference was not found in other comparisons among these groups. In the conclusion, alendronate and calcitonin in the treatment of post menopausal osteoporosis by 2 years produced increasing in BMD of the lumbar spine and femur. However, alendronate treatment was found more effective than calcitonin treatment in the lumbar spine. (Osteoporoz Dünyasından 2006; 12 (1): 5-8)

In this study, values that were obtained from the blood samples results of Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) patients and healthy subjects in the laboratory conditions and the measurements of the sympathetic skin response (SSR) were recorded in Suleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Medicine. Calculated SSR parameters by using Matlab software and the laboratory tests were analyzed separately by artificial neural networks (ANN) and the percentage of accuracy in the diagnosis of FMS was extracted. Later, these two data groups were analyzed together by ANN and the effect of SSR parameters was investigated in the diagnosis of FMS.

This is an exploratory study designed to investigate the extant and nature of corporate social responsibility disclosure (CSRD) in corporate annual reports (CAR) of listed companies in Bangladesh. Specifically, the report examines the relationship between corporate attributes and firm-specific factors and corporate social responsibility disclosures. Data are taken from annual reports of 2007 of the listed companies of Dhaka Stock Exchanges. The study uses ordinary least squares regression model to examine the relationship between explanatory variables and corporate social responsibility disclosure and un-weighted relative disclosure index to measure voluntary disclosure. The extent of CSRD level is measured using 39 items of information. The result shows a positive association between proportion of Independent Directors (INDs) and Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure (CSRD). But, size of the firm does not affect the level of corporate social responsibility disclosure. Control variables suggest that Board Leadership Structure (BLS), Board Audit Committee (BAC) and Percentage Return on Equity (PROE) are positively associated with company’s corporate social responsibility disclosure (CSRD). The result shows that a higher proportion of independent non-executive directors on a board is positively related to the level of corporate social responsibility disclosure but the extent of corporate social responsibility disclosure is negatively related for firm’s size.

Nature is one of the main topics of Diwan Poetry and it is also accepted as the inspiration sources of poets. The explanations of poets related to nature are mainly seen in cases of symbolist and sometimes impressionistic perceptions depending on the existing circumstances. Poems which have been written on the various pecularities of nature have also been created by many wealthy and colourful imaginations and as a consequence of that perceptions they have been appeared. The most valuable and noticeable factors of nature such as rose, tulip, hyacinth and cypress (flowers and plants) are tackled as the beauty impressionists towards lovers. As it is pointed through the passage, Erguvan (Judas Tree) is one of the mentioned flowers upwards is pinky nearly to reddish colour and it is the main topic of this study. Erguvan (Judas Tree) has been the inspiration source of Diwan Poetry and it is mainly mentioned about lovers’ lips, cheeks and face and also many other various and colourful connotations. It has taken its mystical value from the colourful world of Diwan Poetry because of those charateristics. Throughout this work, firstly the name, meaning, colour and beliefs of Erguvan will be shortly determined and evaluated and then it will be tried to show in what imaginations and connotations poets have written their poems through the selected poems of Diwan will be clear. <br> <br> Divan şiirinin belli başlı konularından ve aynı zamanda şairlerinin ilham kaynaklarından biri de tabiattır. Divan şairlerinin tabiatı yorumlamaları daha çok sembolist, yer yer empresyonist sayılabilecek bir algılamanın ürünü olarak karşımıza çıkar. Tabiatın çeşitli unsurları üzerine kurulmuş çok zengin ve renkli tasavvurlardan meydana gelmiş olan şiirler, işte bu algılamanın ürünü olarak ortaya çıkmışlardır. Tabiata ait unsurların en dikkate değer olanlarından gül, lâle, sümbül, nergis, servî gibi çiçek veya ağaçların büyük çoğunluğu sevgiliye ait güzellik unsurlarının mazmunu olarak kullanılmıştır. Söz konusu çiçeklerden biri olan erguvân, kırmızıya yakın pembemsi rengi ile aynı zamanda bu yazının ana konusu durumundadır. Erguvân çiçeği sevgiliye ait dudak, yanak, yüz gibi güzellik unsurları başta olmak üzere birbirinden değişik ve zengin çağrışımlar bağlamında Divan şairine ilham kaynağı olmuş, Divan şiirinin kendisine has renkli dünyasının renkli bir unsuru olarak edebiyattaki yerini almıştır.Bu yazıda önce erguvân kelimesinin adı, anlamı, rengi ve hangi inanışlara konu edildiği hususunda kısa tespit ve değerlendirmelerde bulunulacak, sonra da Divan şiirinden seçilen örnek beyitlerle şairlerin ne tür hayâl ve çağrışımlarla şiirlerini kaleme aldıkları ortaya konulacaktır.

&nbsp;Though the surgical technique of medialization laryngoplasty (ML) has been standardized today, the ideal implant has not been well-defined yet. Various non-absorbable materials such as autogenous cartilage, silicone, hydroxylapatite, Gore-tex, and titanium have been used for ML. Titanium implant ML is a new technique and any complication has not been reported so far. Gore-tex and silicone implants have been used more longer and both of them are accepted safe and easy to handle materials. Extrusion of Gore-tex or silicone material after ML has been rarely reported. We present a case of a 38-year-old man with history of silicone and then Gore-tex implant extrusion after ML. Titanium implant was performed on the patient. Although rare, the possibility of silicone and Gore-tex extrusion after ML operation must not be ignored. Titanium implant may be a good alternative in such cases.

The purpose of this study is to reveal the perceptions of prospective elemantary Social Science, Science and Classroom Teachers who will educate the students at elemantary school, by the help of metaphors about geography. Total of 357 senior students from Ahi Evran University College of Education, Social ScienceTeachers‟ Department (Men – 62/Women –69) Science Teachers‟ Department ( Men – 62, Women- 53 ) and Clarsroom Teachers‟ Department (Men – 57 , Women – 54 ) , joined this study. Datas of the research are based on that students completed the sentence: “Geography is as.................because ....................”. Datas which are gained , are commented in terms of content analysis technique . The results of this research show that 33% (per cent) of students thougt the concept of “geography” as source of life, 23,2% of students thought it as the area of life , 8.1% of students thought it as leading and to find directions and 7.5% of students thought that geography shelters the different branches in. So it is found that 56% of the prospective teachers relate geography with life.

Appendix

It is seen that two etymologically different words might affect each other in terms of phoneme and semantics; eventually get intermixed. In this study, such words defined in Turkish are mentioned. This phenomenon is described using the terms like “transmission” or “contamination” in Turkish. We suggest using the term “assimilated word”. The topic is dealt giving sufficient examples. <br> <br> Kökenleri farklı iki kelimenin zamanla ses ve anlam bakımından birbirini etkileyerek, birbirine karıştığı görülmektedir. Bu yazıda Türkçede tespit edilen bu tür kelimeler üzerinde durulmaktadır. Bu olay için Türkçede bulaşma ve contamination (kontaminasyon) terimleri kullanılmaktadır. Bu tür kelimeler için aynılaşmış kelime terimi önerilmektedir. Yeterli sayıda örnekle konu ele alınmaya çalışılmaktadır.

Mikrodalga devrelerde faz kontrolü birçok uygulama için önemli bir işlemdir. Özellikle faz kontrollü anten dizilerinin temel çalışma prensibidir. Anten dizilerinde her bir dizi elemanı tek bir mikrodalga osilatör ile beslenir. Bu osilatörlerin fazları kontrol edilerek tüm antenin ışıma şekli ve yayılan güç istenildiği gibi ayarlanabilir. Bu ve benzeri uygulamalarda, faz kaydırıcılar sıkça kullanılmaktadır. Bununla birlikte, faz kaydırıcıların yüksek maliyeti, verimlilik ve tasarım güçlükleri önemli kayıplarıdır. Bir başka yeni uygulama ise, “Enjekte kilitlemesi” adında bir tekniktir. Burada tek bir referans sinyalinin (enjekte sinyal) her bir mikrodalga osilatörün giriş empedansına paralel bağlanması (enjekte edilmesi) öngörülmektedir. Belirli şartlar altında osilatörlerin faz kontrolü sinyallerin genliğine, osilatörlerin serbest çalışma frekanslarına ve kalite faktörlerine (Q) bağlı olarak değiştirilebilir. Böylece mikrodalga faz kaydırıcılara göre çok daha az maliyetli ve hassas faz kontrolü sağlanabilir. Bu makalede, bu yeni faz kontrol tekniğinin teorisi ve 1-GHz bir osilatör sistemi için özgün bir uygulaması incelenmiştir.

The study examines profit efficiency and its determinants in broiler production in the context of profit maximization as an incentive for optimum production. The study uses the stochastic frontier approach with the application of the Cobb – Douglas profit function. A cross sectional data was obtained from one hundred poultry producers in Greater Accra Region using a multistage sampling method. The results of the study indicated that price of labor significantly reduced profit but the price of day old chick increased profit. The result further revealed that broiler producers were able to realize 54% of their frontier profit on the average. Number of years of experience in broiler production was found to reduce inefficiency whilst farms owned by sole proprietors were less economically efficient. The study recommends that the inputs should be made available to farmers at competitive prices and the quantity of labor use should be declined because the current level is uncompetitive. Training should also be provided to less experienced farmers to enable them adopt the best poultry farming practices.

<p align="center"><strong> </strong></p><p align="center"><strong>Özet</strong></p><p>            Bir mizah sanatı olan karikatürün, eğlendirmenin yanı sıra düşündürmek, öğretmek ve ikna etmek gibi özellikleri karikatürü reklamcılar için cazip hale getirmiştir. Anlatmak istediğini sade bir dille çarpıcı bir biçimde anlatan karikatür, sıralanan tüm bu özellikleriyle tüketicide davranış değişikliği yaratmaktadır. Karikatürlü reklamların hedefleri arasında olan ürün satmanın dışında bilinirlik arttırmak da vardır.  Karikatürlü reklamlar da tüm reklamlar gibi bunu kimi zaman bir sloganla kimi zamanda zihinlerde markaya özgü bir konum yaratıp, markaya bir karakter ve kimlik kazandırarak yapmaktadır. Türkiye’de 1960’lı yıllarda karikatür, başta banka ve makarna reklamlarında olmak üzere sektördeki birçok markanın reklamlarında etkin olarak kullanılmıştır.</p><p>Bu çalışmada örnek olarak karikatürün, bir pazarlama yöntemi olan reklamla ilişkisi, “Türkiye’yi makarna ile tanıştıran marka” olarak bilinen Piyale Makarnaları’nın 1960’lı yıllardaki on karikatürlü reklamı esas alınarak incelenmiştir. Araştırmada kullanılan örneklem olarak Piyale Makarnaları reklamlarının seçilmesi Özer’in (1985) araştırma sonuçlarında yer aldığı üzere Piyale markasının 1960 yılında karikatürlü reklam kullanan markaların başında gelmesi ve markanın sadece karikatürlü reklamlardan oluşan kampanyalar düzenlemiş olmasıdır.</p><p>Karikatürün resme dayalı mesajlarla örülü olması nedeniyle yöntem olarak post-yapısalcı semiyotik analiz kullanılmıştır.  Bu yöntemin gereği olarak karikatürün metin evreni olduğu kadar sembolik evreni de tarihsel dönem aralığının göstergeleri anlamlandırmadaki önemi dikkate alınarak incelenmiştir.  Bu doğrultuda karikatürlü reklamların yayınlandığı yıllarda karikatürlere konu olması dolayısıyla Türkiye’de kadın, aile, sağlık, güven gibi temalar dönemsellik gözetilerek gösterge bilimsel olarak değerlendirilmiştir.</p><p><strong><em>Anahtar Sözcükler: Karikatür, Reklam, Piyale</em></strong><strong>                                          <em></em></strong></p><p><strong>Use of Cartoons in Advertising: The Case of Piyale</strong></p><p align="center"><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>            As a satirical art form with a mission to make the audience think, to teach something and to persuade, cartoons have become attractive visuals for advertisers. Cartoons express an idea in a simple yet effective manner which is the reason for being the choice of brands for their of advertisements that aim to create a behavioral change in the consumer and sell their products as well as increasing brand awareness. Advertisements using cartoons achieve this as all other advertisements do, sometimes through a slogan and other times through creating a position, a character and an identity for the brand. Cartoons have been used in advertisements for major brands in the 1960’s in Turkey, primarily for the banking industry and spaghetti.</p><p>            In this study the advertisements for Piyale Spaghetti, known as “the brand that introduced spaghetti to Turkey” that use cartoons as visuals in the 1960’s were investigated. The relationship of cartoons as a form of communication and advertisements as a form of marketing was evaluated using semiotic analysis.</p><p>As cartoons are woven with messages based on drawings and visuals, post-structuralist semiotic analysis was chosen as the methodology. As it is necessary for this methodology, cartoons’ symbolic universe as well as the textual universe was investigated for the importance historical period has over meaning making of signs. In this direction, in the years advertisements including cartoons, themes such as women, family, health, trust have been semiotically evaluated with periodicity in mind.</p><p><strong><em>Keywords: Caricature, Cartoon, Advertising,</em></strong><strong><em> Piyale</em></strong></p><p><strong><em> </em></strong></p>

FANNY ROBIN : A TRAGIC FIGURE

Shear deflection of wood beams generally is exluded in plannning calculations. Ignoring shear deflection could cause significant errors, expecially for short and thick beams. In this study, two deflection functions due to flexure and shear of simply supported composite beam subjected to single force are obtained analytically. Wood being high shear modulus according to other material is selected for sample problem. The deflections the mid point of the beam are calculated to see the effect of shear by using the obtained functions for 0, 15, 30, 45, 60 and 90 orientation angles. Also, bending stresses at the mid point of the short beam are given for 0, 15, 30, 45, 60 and 90 orientation angles. It is shown that the magnitude of shear deflection depends on force, length and height of the beam. The shear effect is the smallest for 45 orientation angle and the biggest for 0 orientation angle.

In this essay we would like to emphasis on Nasreddin Hodja figure in Turk-ish World and his anecdotes manipulated for ideological purposes especially in communist Russia. First of all we would like to focus on characteristic of folklore productions and secondly we will try to classify concept of anecdote, type of an-ecdote and figure of Nasreddin Hodja in Turkic World.

Gelecekteki bilişsel ve sosyal beceriler ve okul başarısının temellerinin atıldığı gebelik ve yaşamın ilk iki yılı esnasında yeterli beslenme normal beyin gelişimi için gereklidir. Besin ögesi yetersizlikleri nörogelişimsel süreçleri doğrudan etkiler. Yetersiz beslenme çocuğun davranış ve tecrübelerini etkiler bu da beyin gelişimini etkiler. Şiddetli akut malnutrisyon, kronik malnutrisyon, demir yetersizliği anemisi ve iyot yetersizliğinin beyin gelişimini etkilediğine dair güçlü deliller vardır bu nedenle öncelik bu durumların önlenmesi olmalıdır. Yetersiz beslenmenin beyin gelişimi üzerindeki etkisini önlemek için gebelik ve bebeklik döneminde demirinde yer aldığı çoklu besin ögesi ve esansiyel yağ asidi takviyesi yapılmalı, yaşamın ilk altı ayında sadece anne sütü ile beslenilmesi teşvik edilmeli ve ailelere beslenme eğitimi verilmelidir.

<p>Tevki Arap edebiyatında bir nesir türüdür. Terim olarak tevki; halife, emir, vezir, vali ve benzeri idareci kesimin kendilerine iletilen talep (dilekçe) ve şikâyetlerin altlarına kendilerinin ya da izin verdikleri kişilerin yazdıkları kısa ve etkili ibarelerdir. Genellikle birer cümleden oluşur ve cümleler daha çok ayet, hadis, atasözü ve şiir metinlerinden iktibas edilir. Bu durum, tevkiin daha etkin olmasını sağlar. Tevki aynı zamanda yazan kişinin, kendisine iletilen meseleye bakış açısını da yansıtır.</p><p>   Tevkiin ilk defa Sâsânî İmparatorlarının yazılarında görüldüğü, İslamiyette ise ilk önce dört büyük halife ile başladığı, Emevî ve Abbâsi dönemlerinde artarak sürdüğü belirtilmiştir. Tevki cümleleri aslında ibarelerde kolaylık, kelimelerde şıklık ve zerafet, dizinde mükemmellik gibi özelliklere de sahiptir. Verilmek istenen mesajın kısa ve en etkili (beliğ) ibarelerle verilmesi Araplarda oldukça yaygın olan bir adettir. Bazıları şöyle demiştir: Edebiyatçıların gönlünde icaz ve ihtisar öteden beri hep var olup gelmiştir; tevki, atasözleri ve vecizeler bunun tipik birer örneğidir. Tevkie, kişinin kendisine yapılan haksızlıkları ve zulümleri dile getirdiği için kıssa, şikâyet ve istekler kumaş veya deri parçaları üzerine yazıldığı için rakâ adları da verilmiştir. Tevki ile amaçlanan şey, yaptığı yanlışlıklar karşısında muhatabı uyarmak, söz konusu yanlışlardan dönmesini sağlamak ve daha da önemlisi kendisinden üstte hesap vereceği bir makamın bulunduğunu ona hatırlatmaktır. Özellikle halife ve vezirlerin yazdıkları tevkilerin gereği büyük ölçüde tamamen yerine getirilmiştir. Öte yandan tevki, üst makamlardaki kişilerin sözlerinin alt makamlardakilere etkili bir şekilde ulaşmasını sağlayan bir araçtır. Tevki metinleri aynı zamanda karşıdakilerin ibret almasına ve onlardan ders çıkarmasına katkıda bulunan ibarelerdir. Tevki daha sonraları menşur, pervane, ferman, berat, tuğra, mühür gibi anlamlarda da kullanılmış olup devlet ricali arasında resmi yazışma niteliği taşımaktadır. </p>

It’s widely known about the Ottoman State that, rather thanapplying a well-organized population policy; until the final periods of thestate, it was preferred to collect statistical data of population andproperties particularly to provide military needs and tax for the state.The organization, responsible to coordinate the population affairs, wasfirstly established during the modernization phase of the OttomanState, which began with Tanzimat Reform. The causes drifting the stateinto the collapse in the following era proved to be more crucial than theapplication of a sound population policy.The new Republican state, established after the War ofIndependence, inherited absolutely unfavorable conditions of populationaffairs from the prior civil organization. The long warfare, theimpossibilities emerging as a result of wars, the internal and externalpopulation movements, the deaths, the births and the negativereactions of the people on population affairs had posed an obstacle forcollecting reliable data for the civil registries in a long course of time.The situation was that thousands of new-born babies weren’t registered;other thousands of dead people were indicated as alive on civilregistries. Furthermore, whereas many thousands of married peopleseemed still single, other some thousands were married according to theregistry. Under those circumstances, the principal matter on whichTurkish Republic emphasized on was the population policy. There weretwo essential pillars of the population policy, attempted to be applied bythe state. One of them was in general to prevent the decrease in thepopulation and to take the steps to increase the population; anotherwas to register the population in terms of quality and quantity.Within the scope of this study, the efforts of the Republicangovernment to register the concealed population as an essential part ofthe policy of population registration will be pointed out. Especially,having encountered the fact that great portion of the populationremained concealed following the census of 1927, the governmentsought to make various amnesty regulations related to the civil registry.After the law was enacted, the people rushed to civil register offices andwith the great demand of the public, the government sought for asolution. The final solution was to assign all public officers that were infield service and available to take in charge, to civil registrationprocedures. Through the ordinance, made for this aim in March 1934, arapid success was attained and then through the Law related toRegistration of Concealed Population, which was made in July 1934,the legal basis of the mechanism was founded. Within the scope of thisstudy, the mechanism mentioned will be sought to be analyzed. Thefundamental reference for our study will be the civil registry books. <br> Osmanlı Devleti’nin son dönemlerine kadar düzenli bir nüfus siyaseti yerine, daha çok vergi ve askeri ihtiyaçlarını karşılamaya yönelik nüfus ve arazi istatistikleri tuttuğu bilinmektedir. Nüfus işlerini düzenlemekle görevli teşkilat Osmanlı devletinin Tanzimat’la başlayan modernleşme döneminde oluşturulmaya başlanmıştır. Sonraki dönemde devleti çöküşe götüren nedenler, sağlıklı bir nüfus siyaseti yürütülmesinin önüne geçmişti.Bağımsızlık Savaşı vererek kurulan yeni Cumhuriyet idaresi, nüfus işleri bakımından eski idareden son derece kötü bir miras devralmıştı. Uzun süren savaşlar, savaşlarla birlikte ortaya çıkan imkânsızlıklar, ülke içine ve dışına yönelik nüfus hareketleri, ölümler, doğumlar ve halkın nüfus işlerine yönelik olumsuz tavrı, nüfus kütüklerinin uzun yıllar doğru bir şekilde tutulması önünden engel teşkil etmişti. Binlerce doğum kayıt altına alınmamışken, binlerce ölü sicillerde sağ görünmekte; binlerce evliler defterlerde bekâr, binlerce boşanmış kütüklerde evli görünüyordu. Bu şartlar altında Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin önemle üzerinde durduğu konuların başında, Nüfus siyaseti geliyordu. Devletin uygulamaya çalıştığı nüfus siyasetinin iki önemli ayağı bulunuyordu. Bunlardan biri genel olarak nüfusun azalmasını önlemek ve artmasına yönelik tedbirler almak, diğer ayağı ise nüfusun nitelik ve nicelik olarak kayıt altına alınmasıydı.Bu çalışmada Cumhuriyet idaresinin nüfusu kayıt altına almaya yönelik siyasetin önemli bir parçası olan gizli nüfusların yazımına yönelik çabalarına değineceğiz. Özellikle 1927 nüfus sayımı sonrası pek çok nüfusun saklı kaldığı gerçeği karşısında devlet, nüfus kayıtlarına yönelik çeşitli af düzenlemelerine gidecekti. 1933 yılında çıkarılan Af Kanunu içinde, nüfus kayıtlarının affına dair hükümler bulunuyordu. Kanun sonrası halk, nüfus dairelerine koşarken, devlet karşı karşıya kaldığı yoğun talep karşısında çıkış çareleri arayacaktı. Bulunan çıkış yolu, nüfus kayıt işlemlerinde, taşrada görev yapan, durumu görev almaya müsait olan tüm devlet memurlarının kullanılmasıydı.1934 yılının Mart ayında bu yönde çıkarılan talimatname ile kısa sürede başarı yakalanmış ve ardından 1934 yılının Temmuz ayında çıkarılan Gizli Nüfusların Yazımına ilişkin kanunla, işleyişin yasal dayanakları oluşturulmuştu. Buradaki çalışmamızda, sözü edilen işleyişi tahlil etmeye çalışacağız. Çalışmamıza nüfus kayıt defterleri temel kaynak teşkil edecektir.

1997 Haziran ayında ortaya çıkan Asya krizi, 1 Temmuz 1997 yılında Tayland'ın para birimini devalüa etmesini(değerini düşürmesi) takiben, Asya'nın diğer genç kaplanları olarak tanımlanan Malezya, Endonezya ve Filipinler rekabeti korumak için devalüasyon yapmışlardır. Sonuçta bu krizden bütün bölge ülkeleri etkilendiği gibi Türkiye ve dünya ekonomisi de etkilenmiştir. Bu doğrultuda konuyu dramatize ederek bir çalışma yapmıştım. Günümüzde gündemde olan dünya ekonomik krizi ve Türkiye'nin bu krizden olası etkilenmesini değerlendirmek bu makalenin konusudur. Bu değerlendirmede Asya'da 1997- 1998 de ortaya çıkan güven krizinin nedenleri ve makro ekonomik göstergeleri, Türkiye'de mevcut şartlar ve makro ekonomik göstergelerin birbirine çok benzediği ve dolayısı ile Türkiye'de bir kriz beklentisinin olup olmayacağı tartışılacaktır.

AIM: The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the relationship between psychosocial factors and work accidents among waste collector workers in Izmir Konak Municipality Cleaning Services Section. The study consisted 92 (%68) out of 135 workers of those accepted to participation. METHOD: face-to-face questionnaire were administered for data collection. Dependent variable was the work-related accident for previous six months. Independent variables were sociodemographic features, working conditions, mental health status, daytime sleepiness, workload and social support. The chi-square test and the logistic regression models used for data analysis. RESULTS: Work accident prevalence was 32.6% for the last 6 months. Age and workload were significantly affected work-related accidents (p=0.03; p=0.01 respectively). Social support, mental health status and daytime sleepiness status did not effect work-related accident prevalence (p=0.48; p=0.21; p=0.30 respectively). CONCLUSION: Results of the study indicated that work-related accident prevalence is high among workers in Izmir Konak Municipality. Workload was found important risk factor for the work accident among waste collector workers. [TAF Prev Med Bull 2010; 9(6.000): 623-632]

In today’s world, cities and local governments transform rapidly. The pace and quality of this transformation make it harder to research, scrutinize and record it through looking into different contexts and cases. Problems are faced in collecting local governments’ unique experiences with data coming from the field. These problems not only make it harder for developing new theories, but also hinder the proposal of solutions for practitioners. In this respect, monographic type of studies are needed, important examples of which can be seen in the past and which means in-depth investigation of a person, institution or an event with various dimensions within a certain period. In this study, first of all, emanating from this need, a monographic method is developed for local governments, taking today’s circumstances into consideration. While developing this method, the main issues are determined that should be comprehended for a holistic understanding of local governments in today’s circumstances. With this method, a study was conducted in 2010, using qualitative and quantitative research methods, on the Çankaya Municipality. With this study, the Çankaya Municipality’s monograph for the year 2010 is put forward in the areas of external environment, service provision, decision-making process, use of technology, and communication channels.

<p>Bu araştırmanın amacı, farklı eğitim düzeylerinde kitsch olgusunun öğrencilerin estetik tercihleri üzerindeki etkisini belirlemek ve elde edilen sonuçları sanat ve estetik eğitiminin niteliği açısından tartışmaktır. Araştırma nitel ve nicel veri toplama teknikleri kullanılarak yürütülmüştür. Araştırmanın örneklemi farklı eğitim seviyelerinden (ilköğretim, ortaöğretim ve yüksek öğretim) 180 öğrencinin katılımıyla oluşturulmuştur. Araştırma verileri araştırmacı tarafından geliştirilen 20 soruluk bir anket yoluyla elde edilmiştir. Araştırma verileri ankete katılan birey sayısına ve eserlere verilen tepkilere göre hem kendi içinde hem de gruplar arasında yüzde ve frekans hesapları ile analiz edilmiştir. Ayrıca anketten elde edilen açık uçlu cevapların betimsel analizi yapılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, ilköğretimden yükseköğretime kadar tüm öğrenci grupları kitsch olgusunun etkisi altındır. Ancak özellikle üniversite düzeyinde sanatla uğraşan öğrencilerin kitsch resimlere daha az yöneldiği tespit edilmiştir. Öğrenci gruplarının almış olduğu sanat dersleri bağlamında nitelikli sanat eserleri ile olabildiğince çok karşılaşmasının kitsch’e eğilimi azalttığı görülmüştür.</p>

Brunner gland adenomas (BGA) are benign and rare tumors of small intestine. They are seen at a rate of %10.6 of all benign duodenal tumors. Symptoms can be variable and abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, hematemesis and melena can be seen in some cases. Diagnosis is difficult with mucosal biopsies, becasue of the location in submucosa and generally made by endoscopic resection material. It should be distinguished from lipoma, leiyomyoma, neurogenic and carcinoid tumors through endoscopic and radiologic methods. Endosonography (EUS) is helpful for diagnosis due to detection of&nbsp; originate from which layer of duodenum wall, echogenity and tissue homogeneity of lesion. In this article, we reported a BGA located with EUS and resected with endoscopic polypectomy. BGA was reported before as generally heterogeneus-hypoechoic and characterised with cystic areas, however, in our case, BGA was detected as a different echo pattern on EUS.

Turkey, has a &quot; teaching history &quot; tradition . This tradition dates back to the late Ottoman period . However, this new tradition is emerging new products . This article , wherein said translation product and the introduction of one of the most significant consists of Ihsan Sungu , the school was designed to be used in class examples . These examples , often these pictures and images of important historical events in the history of the course consists of a booklet that explains how to use . The article examined sample table , Nazmi Ziya Bey was commissioned painter . Ihsan Sungu , the picture has explained the key points made during the painter . This study was sent to the school in 1917 . Followed by Ihsan Sungu , during use in said history class of images to be utilized is a manual prepared . This guide book, &quot; The timing of Mekatib about the official explanation Tetevvüc Sheets and Terbiyevi to Tarihiyye &quot; name was printed and sent to school .

Capitatum fractures contributes 1% of all carpal bone fractures. Isolated fracture of capitatum is a rare entity which is seen in the literature as case reports. Any delay in diagnosis can cause complications such as nonunion, avascular necrosis, malunion and secondary arthrosis. We present in this paper the early result of the conservative treatment of an isolated nondisplaced capitatum fracture which was diagnosed late and emphasize the importance of the diagnosis and treatment of capitatum fracture. J Clin Exp Invest 2015; 6 (3): 306-308

When a task or work is done continuously, there will be an experience so following times needs of required resources (manpower, materials, etc.) will be reduced. This learning curve described first by Wright. Wright determined how workmanship costs decreased while proceed plain increasing. This investigations correctness found consistent by plain producers. Learning effect is an effect that, works can be done in shorter time in the rate of repeat of work with repeating same or similar works in production process. Nowadays classical production systems adapted more acceptable systems with new approaches. Just in time production system (JIT) philosophy is one of the most important production system philosophies. JIT which is known production without stock stands on using all product resources optimum. Minimization problem of Earliness/Tardiness finishing penalty, which we can describe Just in time scheduling, appeared by inspired from JIT philosophy. In this study, there is literature survey which directed to earliness/tardiness performance criteria and learning effect processing in scheduling and as a result of this it is obtained some establishing for literature.

AIM: This study is carried out descriptively with the aim of determining occupational risks the nurses working in dialysis units and nephrology services. METHOD: 47 nurses working in dialysis and nephrology units of the hospitals in Erzurum were included in the study content. In the collection of the data, questionnaire form prepared in the light of literature and including the preventions taken by nurses themselves or their organizations against the professional risks they faced, or personal problems the nurses experienced, professional risk or professional-personal features was used. RESULTS: In the result of the study, it was detected that 48.9% of the nurses was at 28-32 age group, and that 38.3% of the nurses graduated from nursing higher school, and that 72.3% of the nurses worked in dialysis unit. It was found out that while practicing their professions, the nurses expressed that infection risk (97.9%), stress (83%), verbal abuse (80.9%), psychiatric trauma (66%), allergic substance (63.8%), the noise (36.2%), and physical abuse (23.4%) were the risk factors they raced in working medium .In the health problem seen in the nurses, in the first row is lumbago. CONCLUSION: In the result of the study, it was found out that while practicing their professions, the nurses expressed that infection risk was the highest rate among the risk factors they raced in working medium and, in the health problem seen in the nurses, in the first row is lumbago and that the nurses and organizations&#8217; attempts which will reduce the risks were not sufficient. [TAF Prev Med Bull 2009; 8(4.000): 339-344]

The aim of this study is to investigate Turkish as ForeignLanguage learners’ learning histories and their Turkish learning casesby associating with many variables such as age, and nationality. Thisinquiry, then, figured out the existing Turkish learning cases in India.The languages acquired by Indians students learning Turkish as aForeign Language (TFL) are shown the proportion. In this scale, the caseof learning Turkish was shown. The portion of gender, race and agefactors of TFL learners were taken into consideration.In this study, non-relational descriptive research technique wasused. The sampling of this research consists of 110 Turkish as foreignlanguage learners in India. As a data collection tool, a questionnairewas used developed by researchers by inspiring from the study of Buran(2008) for the acquisition and learning processes in Kyrgyzstan.The data were analyzed by SPSS 16.0 software. As a result of theexisting findings, it was seen that Turkish language was learnt as aforeign language after English as a second language. It was also seenwith the reference of learning histories of the participants that at leasttwo foreign languages were learnt besides Hindu and English. There aremany factors orienting the foreign language learning process. Weunderline from these factors the biological conditions, cognitive andsentimental notions, teaching methods and social and environmentalfacts. In light of these facts, it was seen that the language teaching inIndia was influenced by all of them in a positive way. This case showsus the advance level of strategically developing India about secondlanguage acquisition. <br> Bu çalışmada Hindistan’da yabancı dil olarak Türkçe öğrenen genç-yetişkin öğrencilerin dil öğrenme geçmişlerinin yaş ve ulus gibi bazı değişkenlerin temel alınarak araştırılması amaçlanmaktadır. Böylece Hindistan���da Türkçenin yabancı dil olarak öğrenilmesi ile ilgili durum ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Öğrencilerin bildikleri dillerin dağılımı gösterilmiştir. Yabancı dil olarak Türkçe öğrenen Hindistan’daki öğrencilerin bildikleri yabancı diller sıralamasında Türkçenin durumuna yer verilmiştir.Çalışma betimsel araştırma yöntemlerinden tekil tarama tekniği (ilişkisiz) kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın evrenini Hindistan’da Türkçe öğrenen yabancı uyruklu 110 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmadaki veriler, Buran’ın (2008) “Kırgızistan’daki Dillerin Edinilme ve Öğrenilme Süreçleri” konusunda yapmış olduğu çalışmadaki verilerden esinlenerek araştırmacılar tarafından oluşturulan anket yoluyla toplanmıştır.Araştırmada elde edilen veriler SPSS 16.0 veri analizi programında çözümlenmiştir. Çalışmadan elde edilen bulgulara göre Hindistan’da Türkçenin İngilizceden sonra en çok öğrenilmek istenen yabancı dil olduğu görülmüştür. Ayrıca öğrencilerin dil geçmişleri incelendiğinde Hintçe ve İngilizce dışında en az iki yabancı dil daha bildikleri ortaya çıkmaktadır. Yabancı dil öğrenme sürecini yönlendiren etmenler vardır. Bu etmenler arasında biyolojik koşulları, bilişsel ve duygusal etkenleri, öğretim metodu, sosyal ve çevresel etkenleri sayabiliriz. Bu etkenler ışığında bakıldığında Hindistan’da dil öğretiminin bu etkenlerden olumlu olarak etkilendiği sonucu çıkmaktadır. Bu durum aslında stratejik olarak gelişen Hindistan’ın dil öğrenme konusunda ne kadar ileride olduğunun göstergesidir.

Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) is an autosomal recessive disease that clinically characterized by periodic abdominal pain, fever and arthralgia. Wide variety of mutations have been described in MEFV gene which is known to be responsible from FMF. In present study, 12 MEFV mutations [E148Q, P369S, F479L, M680I (G/C), M680I (G/A), I692del, M694V, M694I, K695R, V726A, A744S, R761H] have been screened. DNA samples were obtained from a total of 332 children, who were clinically suspected as FMF. Mutation analyses of MEFV gene were carried out with reverse hybridization method. In 113 children (mean age 11.5 years), mutations have been detected. In 60 children E148Q (4 homozygous), in 19 M694V (4 homozygous), in 16 P369S (none), and in 13 children V726A (none homozygous) mutations were detected. Among Familial Mediterranean Fever -suspected 332 children 104 fulfilled diagnostic criteria for FMF and detected MEFV gene mutations with decreasing frequency were; E148Q (30.8%), M694V (18.3%), P369S (10.6%), V726A (8.6%), A744S (2.9%), R761H (2.9%), M694I (1.9%), K695R (1.9%) and I692del (1.0%), respectively. No mutation was detected in 15 (14.4%) FMF children while, two different MEFV mutations were detected together in 13 (12.5%) patients and these patients were accepted as a compound heterozygous. In conclusion, in our patients E148Q mutation was found higher than M694V mutation that has been detected commonly in patients with FMF. The difference may result from demographic features or used methods.

After meeting Islam, Turks had built their culture and art with İslamic essentials. Islam effected literature as well and it caused many kinds of letters which related with religion. One of those kinds is hilyewhich containing Hz. Muhammed’s appearance and personality.At first, hilye was reporting about only Hz. Muhammed’s humanspecialities. Then it became a type of literature that including fourkhalifs, great people of Islam and leaders of observances. In Ottomanliterature, poetic styles of hilye genre that deals with Hz. Mohammed’sphysical and spiritual portrait has emerged at the 16th century andmany example works were created in this period. Besides hilyesfocusing on Hz. Mohammed, creation of works that focus on otherprophets, four caliphs and important religious figures have started atthe 17th century. Hilye, a literary genre that was very significant inOttoman Empire period, firstly dealt only with Hz. Mohammed’sfeatures; but then the content was broadened and the genre continuedto be used until 20th century with its content including prophets,caliphs and important religious figures.Firstly, there will be basic information about poetical examples ofthis kind in Turkish literation. In the next level, the story “Hilye-i HâceBahâüddin Şâh-ı Nakşibend” will be introduced which was written byNeccârzade Rıza for Şâh-ı Nakşibend. <br> beslenen bir kültür ve sanat inşa etme yoluna gitmişlerdir. İslamiyetin, hayatın pek çok alanında hâkim olan etkisi, edebî hayatın şekillenmesinde de kendini göstermiş ve dinî konuların ele alındığı çok çeşitli edebî türün ortaya çıkmasına zemin hazırlamıştır. Bu edebî türlerden biri de Hz. Muhammed’in sûret ve sîretini konu edinen hilye türüdür. Başlangıçta Hz. Muhammed’in beşerî özelliklerini anlatan edebî türün adı olan hilye, daha sonra dört halife, İslam büyükleri ve tarîkat önderleri için de yazılan bir tür hüviyetini kazanmıştır. Osmanlı edebiyatında, Hz. Muhammed’in fiziki ve ruhî portresini ele alan hilye türünün manzum şekilleri on altıncı yüzyılda görülmeye başlanmış ve pek çok örnek ortaya konmuştur. Hz. Muhammed’i konu alan hilyeler yanında diğer peygamberler, dört halife ile din ve tarikat büyüklerinin hilyeleri ise on yedinci yüzyıldan itibaren yazılmaya başlanmıştır. Osmanlı sahasında rağbet gören bir edebî tür olan hilye, başlangıçta Hz. Muhammed’in özelliklerini konu almasıyla sınırlı olan muhtevasını genişleterek peygamberler, halifeler, din ve tarikat büyüklerini de içine alan bir türün adı olup varlığını yirminci yüzyıla kadar devam ettirmiştir. Bu çalışmanın ilk aşamasında sözü edilen türün Türk edebiyatındaki manzum örnekleri hakkında öz bilgi verilmeye çalışılacaktır. Sonraki aşamada ise, 18. Yüzyıl şâirlerinden Neccarzâde Rıza’nın, Nakşî tarîkatı kurucusu Şâh-ı Nakşibend için yazdığı Hilye-i Hâce Bahâüddin Şâh-ı Nakşibend adlı hilyesi tanıtılacaktır.

<p>Özet:</p><p>Bu çalışmada hasta-hekim ilişkisinde önemli bir faktör<br />olan hasta hekim iletişimi ve hastaların hekimlerin kendileri<br />ile kurdukları iletişimden memnuniyet düzeyleri<br />incelenmektedir. Bu kapsamda ilgili yazında yer alan<br />“hekimlerin iletişim biçiminden memnuniyet” anketleri<br />dikkate alınarak özgün 30 ifadelik bir soru formu tasarlanmış<br />(α : 0,93) ve İstanbul ile Bursa da faaliyet gösteren 4 özel 6<br />kamu hastanesinde ayakta tedavi gören 600 hasta üzerinde<br />uygulanmıştır. Yürütülen analizler hastaların doktorların<br />kurdukları iletişimden genel memnuniyet düzeyinin düşük<br />olduğunu ve bölgeler açısından istatistiki olarak anlamlı<br />farklılığın olduğunu göstermektedir. Bulgular ayrıca özel<br />hastanede tedavi gören hastaların, devlet hastanelerinde tedavi<br />gören hastalara göre hekimlerin iletişiminden daha memnun<br />olduklarına ve deneklerin cinsiyetlerinin de memnuniyet<br />düzeyleri üzerinde etkili olduğuna işaret etmektedir.</p><p>Abstract:</p><p>This study investigates patient’s satisfaction with<br />their physicians’ communication style with them. In this<br />framework based on related literature authors drawled a 30<br />item original survey for measuring physicians’<br />communication- satisfaction questionnaire. The data collected<br />for this study is provided 600 outpatient’s from 4 pay and 6<br />public hospitals which were located in İstanbul and Bursa.<br />The results showed that patient’s satisfaction with their<br />physicians’ communication style was low and regions results<br />were statistically differentiate with each other. Findings also<br />indicated that pay hospital patient were more satisfied than<br />public hospital’s patient where gender of patient was<br />important factor that effected communication satisfaction.</p>

Cultivation of Pleurotus spp. reached to the second largest in amount after Agaricus bisporus (Lange sing). in the world. There recently has also been growing interest to cultivate them on wastes of forest and agricultural plants in Turkey. In the scope of study Pleurotus florida was produced on beech wood sawmill waste and rice brain. Beech wood sawmill waste (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) were used as main substrate and supplemented with rice brain as co-substrate by 10 % W/W, 0 % W/W, 40 % W/W mixing ratios based on dry weights. To produce P. florida substrates were ground, air dried, moistured up to 70-80 % by tap water, supplemented, pasteurized with live steam and spawned. Highest yields (440 gr/kg) of P. florida were obtained by supplementing wood waste and rice brain (% 80 + % 20). Furthermore, the best mycelia development were obtained by % 90 + % 10.

Extracorporeal photochemotherapy or photopheresis is an extracorporeal ultraviolet and a photosensitizer (8-MOP) exposure of plasma. It is reported to be effective for several dermatoses such as cutaneous T cell lymphoma, autoimmune diseases and graft versus host disease. Photodynamic therapy involves the use of a photosensitizer in combination with visible light which is the correct wavelight for the photosensitizer. It has become an alternative treatment method for dermatooncologic conditions like actinic keratosis and basal cell carcinoma. In addition to these dermatoses, it is used for many non-neoplastic dermatoses such as acne, localized scleroderma and in some aesthetic indications.

Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the radioprotective efficacy of intrarectal administration of amifostine in radiation-induced proctitis compared to intraperitoneal administration.Materials and Methods: Thirty-two Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: Control (CONT), irradiation alone (RT), intraperitoneal amifostine plus irradiation (IPAMI), and intrarectal amifostine plus irradiation (IRAMI). The rats in the RT, IPAMI and IRAMI groups were irradiated individually with a single dose of 17.5 Gy to the pelvis. Amifostine was administered by the intraperitoneal (200 mg/kg) or intrarectal (2000 mg/kg) route before irradiation. Histopathologic analysis of the rectum was performed 14 days after irradiation. Results: Significant radiation damage appeared in all histopathologic parameters and was reduced by amifostine. Pretreatment with IPAMI significantly reduced the inflammatory infiltrate in the lamina propria (p=0.021), cryptitis (p=0.002) and crypt abscess (p=0.015). However, the protective effect of IRAMI was significant for all parameters with equal or higher significance than IPAMI, including the eosinophil leucocytes count (p=0.02), and distortion of the crypts (p=0.008), and was also significant for regenerative/reparative atypia (p=0.013). Conclusion: Intrarectal high dose topical administration of amifostine is more effective in the prevention of radiation-induced proctitis compared to its intraperitoneal systemic administration.

Acute tibial tubercle (AFTT) avulsion fracture is a rare condition and generally occurs in the adolescents during sporting activities before the closure of the proximal tibial physis. We report a rare case of avulsion fracture of the tibial tuberosity associated with patellar tendon avulsion of an adolescent amateur wrestler. The patient was treated successfully by patellar tendon reattachment with open reduction and internal fixation. At the last time follow up he had a full range of motion and full recovery. He could turn back to the sportive activities after 6 months from the surgery.

The purpose of this study was to identify reliability and validity of The Measurement of Social Capital scales’ developed by Onxy and Bullen (2000) for Turkish population. The sample of current study was composed 410 volunteer participants who live in Antalya. In the statistical analysis, scale exploratory factor analysis was conducted to identify the sub-factors of the 34 items but six items excluded. The 28 items were taken in to consideration and after statistical analysis 28 of 34 items were grouped under nine sub-factors. Whether the data was suitable to this analysis, Kaiser Mayer Olkin (0.687) and Bartlett Spheritiy test (p<0.05) results were taken into consideration. Cronbach’s Alpha internal consistency test (0.711) was applied to the identified sub-factors and overall scale. The variance explained by these subscales was %56.604. Finally, results revealed that The Measurement of Social Capital was a reliable and valid scale in the estimation of the social capital of the Turkish population.

&nbsp;A society&rsquo;s common cultural identity is the mainstay of a society&rsquo;s definition. Socialization is the joining of the individual to the group activities, realizing the norms and to act in accordance with the exceptional behaviours. The most important factor to individual&rsquo;s socializing is the structure of the society itself. The society, aspires, the individual who with the traditional behaviour go into to the socialization process into its ongoing social norms. Thus, the individual enters a learning process in which he/she acquires the essential knowledge. In a media based society the most common value judgement component is again media itself.&nbsp; The mass culture which is improving under the control of media is begun to produce as artificial, mono character and serial by the cultural industry which is also the producer and the protector of culture. Mass culture bombardment under the control of the cultural media separates, demolishes and alienates the public to their traditional culture. Social dissolution is shown itself by distorting or by eviscerating the common values, such as; traditions, customs and practices which make the society itself.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

Many of the plant names using in Turkish are coming from Turkish language origin though, a few ones come from foraigne languages. There are totally 533 borrowing plant names in Turkish. Some of them are used very largely, but some of them are used uncommonly. These plant names are borrowed from 19 foraigne languages into Turkish, especially from Arabic and Persian. <br> <br> Dilimizde kullanılan bitki adlarının birçoğu Türkçe kökenli olsa da bazıları yabancı dillerden Türkçeye girmiştir. Türkçede toplam 533 adet alıntı bitki adı bulunmaktadır. Bunlardan bazıları çok yaygın olarak kullanılırken, bazılarının kullanım alanı çok dardır. Alıntı bitki adları, çoğunluğunu Arapça ve Farsçanın oluşturduğu toplam 19 dilden Türkçeye geçmiştir.

The aim of this study was to investigate level of social utility from teacher and class to the students in pre-primary education in Turkey. Using data from TUIK and applying method is based on Atkinson regional inequality index. Levels of social utility from teachers were 47.6% (for the 1997) to 83.2% (for the 2005). In addition, levels of social utility from class were 5.3% (for the 1997) to 99.4 % (for the 2005). It is shown that there has been improvement of the level of social utility for students at pre-primary education although there has been still a social utility loss in pre-primary education in Turkey.

Peduncular hallucinosis is a rare syndrome characterized with visual hallucinations, sleep disorders and behavioural abnormalities. Generally it occurs when thalamus and midbrain is affected by vascular lesions. In this report we aim to discuss on a case of tuberothalamic artery infarction presenting with peduncular hallusinosis with the previously reported cases in literatüre.

&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #333333; mso-ansi-language: DE;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"&gt;Maksiller santral keser dişin estetik rehabilitasyonu zorlu olabilir. Güvenilir ve başarılı bir sonuç elde etmede, uygun cerrahi model ve sistematik protetik yaklaşım kritiktir. Günümüzde, dental materyal teknolojisindeki hızlı gelişmeler, zirkonyum-oksit abutmentlar ve tam seramik sistemlerin tanıtımına da olanak sağladı. Bu vaka sunumunda, flepsiz cerrahi teknik ile sert ve yumuşak doku yapısının korunması, bununla birlikte, geçici ve daimi restorasyonlar ile estetik, marjinal ve biyolojik olarak uyumlu, hasta için uzun dönemli protetik tedavinin elde edilmesi anlatılmaktadır. 57 yaşında bayan hasta, maksiler sol 1. keser dişin tedavisi için kliniğimize başvurdu. Konvansiyonel yöntemlerle tedavi edilemeyen diş çekilerek, bu bölgeye, flepsiz cerrahi ile hedef servikal marjinin 2 mm. altında olacak şekilde, 4.1 mm. çapında kemik seviyesi implant yerleştirildi. İyileşmeyi takiben, doğal ve estetik gingiva konturların elde edilmesi için geçici vidalı abutment ve akrilik restorasyon uygulandı. Daimi restorasyon için ise zirkonyum abutment ve lityum-disilikat tam seramik porselen hazırlandı. Flepsiz cerrahi teknik ile beraber, yumuşak dokuların şekillenmesi amacıyla kullanılan geçici restorasyon, zirkonyum-oksit abutment ve tam seramik porselen ile multidisipliner tedavi yaklaşımı, estetiğin önemli olduğu bölgelerde mükemmel sonuçlar elde edilmesinde yararlı olabilir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Dear Colleagues,&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;As a result of globalization, the English language has inevitably had an active part for journals for increasing impact factors. Thus, become a widely distributed journal worldwide, I invite all authors to submit their papers in English to CDJ.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;I’m happy to announce that Dr. Sauro has accepted the role of associate editor in CDJ. I’m grateful to him for sparing his time for CDJ. Furthermore, I would like to thank Dr. Foschi and Dr. Kantarci for joining our family.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Our journal has become a member of CrossRef. Thus, articles have been published with doi numbers in January 2012 issue. Moreover, accepted articles will be published with doi numbers in online first section.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;I would also like to once again express my personal gratitude to all authors and editorial board members for their valuable contributions.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Hope to meet in the next issue.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Prof. Dr. Ali Kemal Ozdemir&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Editor-in-Chief&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Cumhuriyet Dental Journal&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;

In this study, the aim is to develop an attitude scale in order to identify the students’ attitudes toward the usage of history of mathematics (ASUHM). In order to conduct the validity and reliability studies, the scale was administered to 113 students as 69 eight grade students and 44 ninth grade students in Trabzon city in Turkey. For the overall validity of the scale, its content and construct were examined. The reliability analysis was performed by computing the item-total correlation, Cronbach’s Alpha (internal consistency coefficient). Furthermore, for reliability, two groups including the lower 27% and upper 27% were created using their total scores, and the difference between the item-mean scores of these groups was examined using the independent samples t-test. Following all validity and reliability studies, the researchers obtained a scale consisting of 16 items and single factor. Cronbach’s Alpha reliability coefficient of the scale was 0.95 and explains 60.6% of the total variance. These results indicate that the scale is reliable and valid and it can be used to determine students’ attitude toward the usage of history of mathematics.

Objective: Congenital anomaly of kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) includes functional and structural anomalies that can cause end-stage renal disease in children. Clinical and demographic characteristics of patients with CAKUT are evaluated in this study. Methods: The files of patients who were followed up with the diagnosis of CAKUT between November 2008 and June 2011 in Diyarbakır Children’s Hospital were reviewed retrospectively. Patient characteristics including age, gender, family history of CAKUT, consangineous marriage, and radiological imaging results were recorded. Results: The study was consisted of 232 patients 129 (55.6%) boys, and 103 (44.4%) girls. The mean age was 4.4 years. A family history of CAKUT was found in 15.2% of patients and 50.9% of parents had consanguineous marriage. Anomalies that were observed in the study included, ureteropelvic junction obstruction in 66 (28.5%), renal agenesis in 49 (21.1%), ectopic kidney in 25 (10.8%), horseshoe kidney in 25 (10.8%), multicystic dysplastic kidney in 20 (8.6%), vesicoureteral reflux in 20 (8.6%), polycystic kidney in 12 (5.2%), posterior urethral valve in 7 (3%), ureterovesical obstruction in 4 (1.7%), renal hypoplasia in 2 (0.9%), and fusion of kidneys in 2 (%0.9) patients. Renal scarring and chronic kidney disease was present in 32 (13.8%) and 7 (3%) patients, respectively. Conclusions: Childhood CAKUT can cause serious morbidities. Cases should be followed up carefully even from the antenatal period. Early intervention of cases requiring treatment will minimize the risk of permanent renal damage.

Purpose: Rectus sheath block have been used for postoperative pain control in adult patients undergoing abdominal surgery. To investigate the effect of the ultrasound guided rectus sheath block (RSB) with levobupivacaine on both intraoperative sevoflurane consumption and postoperative analgesia after laparotomy with transverse incision in children. Material and Methods: Forty patients with ASA I-II physical status, aged 3-7 years and undergoing laparotomy with transverse incision were randomly allocated into two groups. Patients were administered general anesthesia and before the beginning of surgery ultrasound guided RSB with 0.2 mL/kg, 0.25% of levobupivacaine and thirty minutes before the surgery the loading dose of morphine of 0.1 mg/kg intravenously were received in group RSB and group M, respectively. Analgesic drug pump with 0.01 mg/kg bolus doses of morphine and 30 minutes lockout interval was set up postoperatively in both groups. Concentrations (%) and consumed amounts (mL/h) of sevoflurane during the surgery and systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, and peripheral oxygen saturation values were recorded both intraoperative and postoperative period in each groups. Analgesic consumption with postoperative analgesic drug pump, FLACC pain scores, sedation level, nausea, vomiting, supplemental analgesic requirement and side effects were also recorded. Results: Demographic data and hemodynamic parameters were similar in both groups excepting that systolic arterial pressure values were reduced in group RSB than in group M. Inhaled concentration and consumed amounts of sevoflurane were decreased in group RSB compared with group M. Averages of consumptions of sevoflurane were 18.7+/-2.1 mL/h and 21.5 +/-2.9 mL/h in group RSB and group M, respectively (p<0.001). Postoperative FLACC scores, sedation scores, and morphine consumption for 24 hours were lower in group RSB than in group M (p<0.001). Three patients had nausea in group M, however no nausea and vomiting was observed in group RSB and any patients did not need supplemental analgesia postoperatively. Conclusions: Ultrasound guided RSB is superior to intravenous morphine according to intraoperative anesthetic gas consumption and postoperative pain control in children undergoing abdominal surgery using transverse incision. [Cukurova Med J 2015; 40(3.000): 534-541]

Hemodynamic monitorization is the basic component of the medical care of the burn patients. It provides valuable information of the cardiopulmonary performance which is essential in the rapid diagnosis and treatment in the case of hemodynamic disturbance. The clinical importance of any monitorization parameter, associated risks – benefits, cost effectivity, and also assessment and management skills of the health care providers should be taken into consideration in the selection process of the monitorization method. This paper reviews the methods of the hemodynamic monitorization for the clinical care of the burn patients. (Journal of the Turkish Society Intensive Care 2011; 9 Suppl: 11-20)

Incentives are the financial or non-financial assistance and benefits aim to increase investment, production and employment. Investment incentives are used frequently by governments to ensure the development of industries and especially less developed regions. Incentives have been used for many years in Turkey. The purpose of this study is first to provide a comparative evaluation of the 2004, 2006 and 2009 incentive systems implemented in Turkey and the 2012 Incentive System then to analyze TR22 Level 2 Zone in framework of the 2012 Incentive System. At the conclusion, how the effectiveness of the incentives implemented in Turkey can be increased will be determined.

As SBEB/ASSE (Association for Social Studies Educators) we are glad to meet you in the second issue (May 2011) of Journal of Social Studies Education Research (SBEAD/ JSSER). We are presenting this issue as a journal which is scanned by these two indexes: ASOS and EBSCO. Having met the minimum requirements of being international by getting many members from different countries in our Advisory Board and Scientific Board in our first issue, we have started to reach the point we anticipated at the very beginning by presenting the two articles sent from abroad in this issue. Our biggest ideal is becoming a global platform where the newest knowledge produced on social studies/citizenship education is shared by making this development to continue consistently.

One of historically most attention-gripping conquest actions in the world includes ones realized by Genghis Khan, the Mongol Sultan, in 13th century. State founded by Genghis Khan became a state having biggest territorial boundary in the world in a very short time. In this respect, Genghis Khan was one of most attention-gripping historical personalities. Each Turkish historian, who researches history of Genghis Khan’s State may notice presence of any elements of Turkish culture easily there. Reason of that we should conduct this study is the work “The Confidential History of the Mongols.” It is supposed that the work was typed in the Uyghur alphabet, and its complete original text was not found. It is understood that it was typed in Chinese marks. The work “Manghol-un Niuca Tobca’ in Mongolian was translated by Mr. Ahmet Temir into Turkish in 1946. Although this work is anonymous, it is understood that it was typed in 1240 based on the expressions in it. The Confidential History of the Mongols is main source of numerous works typed on the Mongols. This work is the greatest source that describes race, life history, religious belief and domination opinion of Genghis Khan. When any information in this source shall be reviewed carefully, it shall be noted easily that Genghis Khan’ State would rise on heritage of Turkish state and especially of the Gokturks. Our study reveals not Mongol history, but presence of any elements of Turkish culture in Mongol history. We accept Genghis Khan as a Mongol Sultan without discussing his ethnic origin. But, wee may say that the state founded by him is a Turkish state completely by considering its goals. While we try to prove our assertion, we have tried to describe and explain origin and connection of the information and concepts transmitted in “The Confidential History of the Mongols” with the Turks.As known, the Turks and Mongols have lived for hundreds of years in near geographies. The Turks, who were nomad shipmen in early periods of the history, dealt with stockbreeding. In those periods, the Mongol lived as hunters. Then, they were also nomad stockbreeders. We may also suppose that there were Mongol clans in community in Central Asia in Hun era that Mete, the Hun Sultan described and said “I combined all spring-drawing communities. Now they were Huns.” Also in Gokturk and Uyghur periods, the Mongols placed immediately near Turkish culture were under their powerful effect. Most facts of the Genghis Khan period with in the Mongol culture with respect to religious life are encountered in Hun Gokturk and Uyghur states. Beside the God belief, presence of any Shamanist practices and religious concepts such as Ancestor Cult, Ground-Water Cult arte addressed. Critical role played by the Shamans in social life, life and world perception of the community are also reflections of these similarities on social life.Genghis Khan, made advantage of accumulations of Hun, Gokturk and Uyghur states, also quoted the universe domination idea of the said states. We notice most apparent clues of this when Genghis Khan base his own race on Bortecina, the holy ancestor of the Gokturks, that is, Bozkurt. The fact that Genghis Khan saw himself as a ruler of the universe and based his domination on holy sources is a base of Hun and Gokturk states. The fact that the God understanding and belief are represented in Khan and also origin of the idea that this belief is supported cosmic elements are Turkish origins. According to Turkish tradition, Turkish Kahn designated by the God is a agent and shadow of the God in the earth. If there is a God in sky, there is also a Khan in the earth. The fact that the term “Tegri” in Mongol comes from the term “Tengri” in Turkish is an opinion accepted in the scientific world. The Mongols have based the fact that Genghis Khan came into the world on any holly goals. Just like Oguz Khan began to walk and hunt 40 days later than his birth, Genghis Khan was born with a blood clot held by Genghis Khan during his birth.The Mongols took most facts on state management and organization from Turkish culture. Origin of the customs known as Genghis Khan’s laws is also Turkish origin. Also it is asserted by scientists that the concepts related to state management such as law, custom, nation, flag, etc. are transmitted from Turkish language to Mongol language. It is not a fortuity that Genghis Khan chosen Otuken, capital city of the Huns, Gokturks and Uyghurs, that is, holy land of the Turks as a state center. Genghis Khan adopted the advice “The Otuken forests is a place to be adopted as a motherland” bequeathed by Bilge Kahn to Turkish in the Orhon inscriptions. He desired to make advantage of protection and observation power of Otuken as well as political and geopolitical reasons. <br> Dünya tarihi bakımından en dikkat çeken fetih hareketlerinden biri Moğol Hakanı Cengiz Han’ın 13. Yüzyılda gerçekleştirdikleri olmuştur. Çünkü Cengiz Han’ın kurduğu devlet çok kısa bir sürede dünyanın gördüğü en büyük kara sınırına sahip devlet haline gelmişti. Bu yönüyle Cengiz Han tarihin en çok ilgi çeken şahsiyetlerinden biri olmuştur. Cengiz Han Devleti tarihini araştıran her Türk tarihçisi orada Türk kültürüne ait unsurların varlığını kolaylıkla fark edebilir. Bizim bu çalışmayı yapma nedenimiz Moğolların Gizli Tarihi adlı eser olmuştur. Eserin Uygur alfabesiyle yazıldığı düşünülen aslı tam metin halinde bulunamamış ve Çin işaretleriyle yazıldığı anlaşılan Moğolca, “Manghol-un Niuça Tobça’an” 1946 yılında Ahmet Temir tarafından Türkçe’ye çevrilmiştir. Bu eserin yazarı bilinmemekle beraber içindeki ifadelerden 1240 yılında yazıldığı anlaşılmaktadır. “Moğolların Gizli Tarihi”, Moğollar hakkında yazılan pek çok eserin ana kaynağı hükmündedir. Bu eser Cengiz Han’ın kendi soyunu, hayat hikayesini, dini anlayışını ve hakimiyet düşüncesini anlatan en önemli kaynaktır. Bu kaynaktaki bilgiler dikkatle tetkik edildiğinde Cengiz Han devletinin Türk devletlerinin özellikle de Gök-Türklerin kültürel mirası üzerinde yükseldiği kolaylıkla fark edilecektir. Çalışmamızın temeli Moğol tarihi değil, Moğol tarihi içerisindeki Türk kültür unsurlarının varlığını ortaya koymaktır. Biz Cengiz Han’ın ırksal kökeni üzerinde tartışma yapmadan onu bir Moğol Hakanı olarak kabul ediyoruz. Fakat kurduğu devlet ve idealleri tamamıyla bir Türk devletidir diyebiliriz. Bu iddiamızı ispata çalışırken Moğolların Gizli Tarihinde nakledilen bilgiler ve kavramların kökenini ve Türklükle ilgisini anlatmaya ve açıklamaya çalıştık.Bilindiği üzere Türkler ve Moğollar yüzlerce yıl birbirine yakın coğrafyalarda yaşamışlardı. Tarihin erken döneminde göçebe çoban olan Türkler hayvan yetiştiriciliği yaparak göçebe çoban olmuşlardı. Bu dönemlerde Moğollar ise avcı toplayıcı bir hayat sürmekteydiler. Daha sonra onlarda göçebe hayvan yetiştiricisi olmuşlardı. Hun çağında merkezi Asya’da Hun Hakanı Mete’nin “yay geren bütün halkları birleştirdim şimdi onlar Hun oldular” diyerek bahsettiği topluluğun içinde Moğol boylarının da var olduğunu düşünebiliriz. Gök-Türk ve Uygur döneminde de Türk kültürünün hemen yanı başında bulunan Moğollar kuvvetli tesir altında kalmışlardı. Cengiz Han döneminin Moğol kültüründe dini hayata dair pek çok unsur da Hun Gök-Türk ve Uygur devletlerinin bakiyesi hükmündedir. Tanrı inancının yanında, Şamanist uygulamaların varlığı, Atalar Kültü, Yer-Su Kültü gibi dinsel kavramlar da bu meyanda zikredilebilir. Toplumsal hayatta Şamanların oynadığı mühim rol, toplumun hayatı ve dünyayı kavraması da bu benzerliklerin toplumsal hayattaki yansımalarıdır. Hun, Göktürk ve Uygur devletlerinin birikiminden istifade eden Cengiz Han adı geçen devletlerin cihan hakimiyeti fikrini de iktibas etmişti. Bunun en belirgin ipuçları Cengiz Han’ın kendi soyunu Gök-Türk’lerin kutsal atası Borteçina’ya yani Bozkurt’a dayandırmasında görmekteyiz. Cengiz Han’ın kendini evrenin hakimi sayması ve bu hakimiyetinin meşruiyetini ilahi kaynaklara dayandırması Hun ve Gök-Türk devletlerinin özünde bulunan bir esastır. Tanrı anlayışının ve inancının Kağan’da temsil edilmesi, ayrıca bu inanışın kozmik unsurlarla takviye edilmesi düşüncesinin menşei de, Türk kökenlidir. Türk telakkisine göre Tanrı tarafından görevlendirilen Türk kağanı yeryüzünde Tanrının temsilcisi ve gölgesidir. Gökyüzünde nasıl bir Tanrı varsa yeryüzünde de bir Hakan olacaktır. Moğolca Tegri kavramının Türkçe Tengri’den geçtiği bilim dünyasında kabul gören bir düşüncedir. Moğollar Cengiz Han’ın bu dünyaya gelişini ilahi maksatların gerçekleştirilmesi inancına bağlarlar. Tıpkı Oğuz Kağan’ın doğumundan kırk gün sonra yürüyüp, av avlaması konuşması gibi, Cengiz Han’da doğarken elinde tuttuğu kan pıhtısıyla doğmuştur.Moğollar devlet yönetimi ve teşkilatı konusunda da pekçok unsuru Türk kültüründen almışlardır. Cengiz Han’ın yasaları olarak bilinen Töresinin kaynağı da Türk kökenlidir. Yine aynı şekilde devlet yönetimiyle ilgili yasa, töre, ulus, bayrak, yasa gibi kavramların Türkçeden Moğolcaya geçtiği bilim adamlarınca iddia edilmektedir. Cengiz Han’ın devlet merkezi olarak Hun, Gök-Türk ve Uygurların başkenti Ötüken’i yani Türklerin kutlu vatanını seçmesi de bir tesadüf değildir. Bilge Kağan’ın Orhun abidelerinde Türk milletine vasiyet ettiği “Ötüken ormanı memleket tutulacak yer imiş” nasihatini Cengiz Han dinlemiştir. Siyasi ve jeopolitik gerekçelerin yanında Ötükenin koruyucu ve gözetleyici gücünden de yaralanmak istemiştir.

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In 2010 the Common Core State Standards (CCSS) were officially released in America for mathematics and English language arts and soon adopted by 45 of the 50 states. However, within the English langue arts domain there were standards intended for secondary social studies teachers under the title, Common Core State Standards for English Language Arts and Literacy in History/Social Studies, Science, and Technical Subjects. Moreover, the CCSS have been advertised as being able to transform the way teachers teach. That is, social studies teachers are expected to alter their instructional practices as a direct result of the implementation of the CCSS. Therefore, this study examined, using a self-reporting survey, whether the instructional practices of secondary social studies teachers in one Southeastern state had been “transformed” by the CCSS

Objective: Acromegaly is a syndrome characterized by growth hormone (GH) and insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) over secretion. It was aimed to sharing detected metabolic disorders of the patients with acromegaly who have been under follow-up at our clinic. Methods: One hundred five patients, who were diagnosed as acromegaly in our clinic between 2010 and 2015, were enrolled to the study. The age, gender, involvement feature additional systemic and metabolic diseases were recorded and laboratory findings. Results: A total of 105 patients included in the study, 56 women (53.3%) and 49 men (46.7%), respectively. Patient’s’ ages ranged 23-78 (mean 42.1±16.7). 34 patients (32.3%), hypertension in 20 (19.04%), diabetes mellitus, and is 11 (10.4%) had impaired glucose tolerance. Conclusion: Somatic disfigurement (hand and foot enlargement etc.) is the major characteristic of the disease but the prognosis is determined by cardiovascular, respiratory and metabolic complications. In acromegaly, hypertension and diabetes are common, cardiovascular disease is the principal cause of death. We believe that our study will contribute to the determination of our country’s data. J Clin Exp Invest 2015; 6 (4): 382-386

This study aims to present the development and validation process of a scale to explore the learning barriers of high school students in Turkey. For this purpose, a scale was developed and administered to 316 high school students studying in the different counties of Ankara in the spring term of 2014-2015 academic year. Gathering the data, an exploratory factor analysis was run through SPSS Package program to see the structure of the interrelationships among the variables under six tests. Furthermore, a reliability analysis was conducted to the items under each test in the scale. As a result, one factor appeared under each test when the eigenvalues and variance percentages were examined, making six factors in total. The Cronbach’s Alpha Reliability Coefficient was calculated as to be significant for each test, which showed that the tests were reliable. Finally, some items were excluded from the scale.

Increasing interest on intermodal transport both by the shippers and carriers has led logistics service providers and transport operators to develop new intermodal transport services. When the service literature is analyzed, it is found that there are a few studies on the New Service Development (NSD) of specific service industries. However, it is observed that there is a gap in new intermodal service development. That’s why this study aims to explore the stages and determine the common stages in NSD process of intermodal transport. In order to reach this aim, intermodal transport operators and service providers offering intermodal transport services in Turkey are investigated by case study method. This study is the preliminary step for NSD processes in intermodal transport for the current literature. According to the findings, the issues of the human resources have not been paid enough attention during the NSD process. It is concluded that intermodal transport requires more detailed and industry-specific NSD models compared with the other service industries.

The current study aims at determining the relationship between seventh graders’ mathematical and probabilistic reasoning. The study was carried out with 167 seventh-grade students. As data collection tool, “Mathematical Reasoning Test (MRT)” and “Probabilistic Reasoning Test (PRT)” were developed and used. In analysing the data, Pearson&apos;s correlation coefficient (r) between participants’ scores of each test was computed. Some sample responses of the students regarding some questions in the test were also presented directly. Analysis shows that there is a significant correlation between seventh graders’ mathematical reasoning and probabilistic reasoning.

In this study, the contact toxicities of the extracts with hexane, ethanol Leptinotarsa decemlineata. Whole of the plant extracts in all of three solvents were found more effective in third and forth larvae period of Leptinotarsa decemlineata than adult period. Furthermore, the contact toxicity of the extracts of the plants used in the study with ethanol and methanol were found higher compared to the extracts with hexane in potato beetle. In the study, the highest influence was obtained from the extracts of Thymus vulgaris L. plant with methanol. This extract demonstrated 96.45%-influence on the third-period larvae of potato beetle, 85.70%-influence on fourth-period larvae of potato beetle and 53.50%-influence on adult period. The lowest influence in the study was identified as 32.18% in third-period larvae of potato beetle, 24.10% in fourth-period larvae of potato beetle and 10.70% in adult period in chamomile extract with hexane

Transfer of the power and motion, shaft-pulley systems is combined different forms. One of them is press fit. In this study, under the inner pressure occurred at the press-fit condition pulley was investigated by the analytic and finite elements methods. In this investigation, the diameter at the shaft (d) and outer diameter (D) ratio was changed with respect to each other in order to investigate stress distribution change. In addition to d/D ratio, computing occurring of stress at the different tightness, the optimum tightness gap was investigated. The fournode isoparametric finite element is used as the solution method. Found result controlled with analytic solution.Now, from the space and automobile industry to food industry the widespread usage for the pulley that is made from metal matrix composite material (steel-aluminium) 0 and 90 degrees reinforcement condition and various tightness solution was made, the press fit condition at the composite was investigated.

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a transient cliniconeuroradiological condition characterized by headache, visual disturbances, seizures and altered mental status. These clinical manifestations are most commonly associated with arterial hypertension, preeclampsia/eclampsia and immunosuppressive agents. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies typically show edema in the white matter of cerebral posterior regions. A case of an elderly woman with a history of hypertension who demonstrated PRES after a recent cancer surgery is presented. (Journal of the Turkish Society Intensive Care 2011; 9: 103-6)

Idiom teaching has been a remarkable research area due to advancement of cognitive sciences and applied linguistics. The concept which claims that idioms are arbitrary has lost its validity under the light of Conceptual Metaphor Theory manifested by Lakoff and Johnson. According to the theory, linguistic metaphors are connected with the metaphoric thinking codes in human mind. For instance, the metaphors related to the concept of time in these sentences are connected with the conceptual metaphor “TIME IS MONEY”: “You spend your time in vain./Zamanını boşa harcıyorsun. I devote my time which remains after the lessons to my family./Derslerden arta kalan zamanı aileme ayırıyorum. You should realize the value of your time./Zamanını iyi değerlendirmelisin. What else can we do to save the time?/Zaman kazanmak için başka ne yapabiliriz? We shouldn’t vaste our time./Zaman kaybetmeyelim. I don’t want to take your time anymore./Daha fazla zamanınızı almayayım.” This kind of conceptual clusters are available for idioms as well. Following this vein, researchers have obtained encouraging data showing the effectiveness of raising metaphoric awareness in idiom teaching. This kind of research is limited in Turkish applied linguistics literature. This article aims to introduce the Conceptual Metaphor Theory, and make suggestions on teaching idioms using an educational model based on the theory. Therefore, we will draw a framework about somatic idioms since these idioms are used frequently in daily language, and offer some exercises which can be used in classroom activities. <br> <br> Bilişsel bilimler alanında elde edilen kazanımların uygulamalı dilbilime aktarılması sürecinde dikkat çeken çalışma alanlarından biri de deyim öğretimidir. Deyimlerin nedensizlik temelinde şekillendiği, bu nedenle de her birinin kendi başına ve daha çok ezbere dayalı olarak öğrenilmesi gerektiğini savunan anlayış, ilk defa George Lakoff ve Mark Johnson tarafından sistemli biçimde ortaya konan Kavramsal Metafor Teorisi’nin ışığında geçerliliğini yitirmiştir. Kavramsal Metafor Teorisi’ne göre dilsel metaforları doğuran, insan zihnindeki metaforik düşünce kodlarıdır. Söz gelimi “Zamanını boşa harcıyorsun. Derslerden arta kalan zamanı aileme ayırıyorum. Zamanını iyi değerlendirmelisin. Zaman kazanmak için başka ne yapabiliriz? Zaman kaybetmeyelim. Daha fazla zamanınızı almayayım.” gibi dilsel ifadelerin arka planında zaman kavram alanının paraya ilişkin kavram alanı ile anlaşılmasını sağlayan ZAMAN PARADIR kavramsal metaforu vardır. Böyle bir kavramsal öbeklenme, deyimler için de söz konusudur. Bu düşünceden hareketle, özellikle ikinci dil öğretimi alanında ve daha çok üniversite öğrencilerine yönelik olarak yapılan metafor farkındalığı geliştirme çalışmalarından verimli sonuçlar elde edilmiştir. Ancak bu alanda Türkçenin gerek yabancı dil gerekse ana dili olarak öğretimine yönelik araştırma ve uygulamalar sınırlıdır. Bu çalışmada, söz konusu teoriyi tanıtarak bu teori doğrultusunda oluşturulacak bir eğitim modeline ilişkin önerilerde bulunmak hedeflenmektedir. Bu doğrultuda, günlük hayatta sık kullanılan, dolayısıyla Türkçeyi yabancı dil olarak öğrenenler için de önem taşıyan organ adlarıyla ilgili deyimlerin öğretimine yönelik bir çerçeve oluşturularak etkinlik örnekleri sunulacaktır.

Renewed Social Studies course curriculum gives place to a different assessment and evaluation tools. The aim of the study is to develop an attitude scale for the tasks which are used as assessment tools in the recent social studies syllabus depending on constructivism. Through this test, being tried to develop, it is aimed to assess the tasks given in the 6th and 7th grades in terms of students’ views. The test contains four-level Likert items. This test has been given to 249 students studying in the 6th and 7th grades. There are 129 students are female, 124 students are male. To test the construct validity of the test, an exploratory factor analysis is applied. According to the analysis results, the reliability coefficient is (Cronbach Alfa) .93. As a result of the confirmatory factor analysis, the following is determined; (RMSEA) is 0.059; (RMR) is 0.059; goodness of fit index (GFI) is 0.80; the adjusted goodness of fit index (AGFI) is0.78; normed fit index (NFI) is 0.93; comparative fit index (CFI) is 0.97 and non-normed fit index (NNFI) is as 0.96. To conclude, it may be said that the attitude scale which is designed for the tasks given in 6th and 7th grades’ social studies classes can be used to identify students’ positive or negative views. <br> Yenilenen Sosyal Bilgiler dersi öğretim programı farklı ölçme değerlendirme araçlarına yer vermektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, yapılandırmacı öğrenme yaklaşımına dayalı yeni Sosyal Bilgiler dersi öğretim programında ölçme aracı olarak kullanılan performans görevlerine yönelik bir tutum ölçeği geliştirmektir. Geliştirilmeye çalışılan bu ölçek aracılığıyla, ilköğretim 6. ve 7. sınıflarda uygulanan performans görevlerinin öğrenci görüşleri açısından değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Ölçek dört boyutlu Likert tipi bir tutum ölçeğidir. Söz konusu ölçek Ankara ili Yenimahalle ilçesinde bulunan okullarda, ilköğretim 6 ve 7. sınıflarda öğrenim gören iki yüz kırk dokuz öğrenciye uygulanmıştır. Öğrencilerden yüz yirmi dokuzu kız yüz yirmisi erkektir. Bu öğrencilerin yüz yirmi dördü 6. Sınıf, yüz yirmi beşi 7. Sınıf öğrencisidir. Ölçeğin yapı geçerliliğini ortaya koymak amacıyla açımlayıcı faktör analizi yapılmıştır. Analiz sonucunda ölçeğin güvenilirlik katsayısı (Cronbach Alfa) .93 olarak bulunmuştur. Doğrulayıcı faktör analizi sonucunda kök ortalama kare yaklaşım hatası (RMSEA) 0.059; standardize edilmiş kök ortalama kare artık (RMR) 0.059; uyum iyiliği indeksi (GFI) 0.80; düzeltilmiş uyum iyiliği indeksi (AGFI) 0.78; normlanmış uyum indeksi (NFI) 0.93; karşılaştırmalı uyum indeksi (CFI) 0.97; normlanmamış uyum indeksi (NNFI) 0.96 olarak saptanmıştır. Sonuç olarak Sosyal Bilgiler dersine yönelik olarak hazırlanan performans görevi tutum ölçeğinin, ilköğretim 6 ve 7. sınıf öğrencilerinin performans görevlerine yönelik olumlu ve olumsuz tutumlarını belirlemek amacıyla kullanılabileceğini söylemek mümkündür.

From the Editor

Studies about nucleic acids have increased after thepublication of DNA’s three dimensional structure by Watsonand Crick. Nucleic acids are the heritable moleculeswhich contain codes for proteins. Proteins are the mostimportant elements in molecular world because they arethe basic structural and functional components of a livingorganism. Clarifying the celluler events that involve proteinsare important in many areas for example diagnosisand treatment determination of diseases or developmentof new drugs. Proteome that comes from a combinationof the terms protein and genome, is one of the importantfield in these days. The studies in this area have acceleratedand gained a different place especially with afterthe completion of human genome project. In synthesis ofa protein just only genetic information is not enough. Atthe same time the change or changes of a protein afterthe synthesis, the final version and transporting to finallocalization of it also important. Because having defects inmailing cells of breast cancer, the first targets of treatmentmust be proteins. In this way the studies on proteins areimportant to determine prognostic and diagnostic diseasemarkers and also significant for identifying new treatmentstrategies.Key words: Genom, proteom, breast cancer

The aim of this study is to detect the learning strategies adopted by secondary school students for geography courses. A total of 298 students attending to secondary schools in Turgutlu county of Manisa joined the research within 2009-2010 academic year. “Learning Strategies Scale” developed by Toy (2007) is used as data gathering technique in this research in which general scanning model is applied. For data analysis, arithmetic mean, t test, one way variance analysis (ANOVA) and multiple comparison test (LSD) are employed. It is observed that secondary school students most commonly use “grouping strategies” and least commonly use “planning strategies”. Scale for students’ ideas about learning strategies for geography courses has a meaningful difference in terms of “gender” and “class levels” variable <br> <br> Bu araştırma, ortaöğretim öğrencilerinin coğrafya dersinde kullandıkları öğrenme stratejilerini, farklı değişkenler açısından incelemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırmaya, 2009-2010 eğitim-öğretim yılında, Manisa ilinin Turgutlu ilçesindeki liselerde öğrenim gören 298 öğrenci katılmıştır. Genel tarama modelinin kullanıldığı araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak Toy (2007) tarafından geliştirilen “Öğrenme Stratejileri Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde aritmetik ortalama, t testi, tek yönlü varyans analizi (ANOVA) ve çoklu karşılaştırma testi (LSD) kullanılmıştır. Ortaöğretim öğrencilerinin coğrafya derslerinde en çok “örgütleme stratejilerini” en az ise “planlama stratejilerini” kullandıkları görülmüştür. Öğrencilerin coğrafya dersinde kullandıkları öğrenme stratejileri ölçeğine ilişkin görüşleri “cinsiyet” ve “öğrenim gördükleri sınıf düzeyleri” değişkenlerine göre anlamlı farklılık göstermiştir.

Mechanical complications of central venous catheterization (CVC) include artery puncture, vein injuries, catheter malposition (CM), pneumothorax, hemothorax, air embolism, subcutaneous hematoma and arrhythmia. This report was aimed to present the case developing hemothorax due to multilumen catheter (MLC) malposition following venous perforation which is overlooked during CVC. A 21-year old female patient was planned urgent surgery due to a sharp object injury on the right arm. MLC was inserted to left internal jugular vein (IJV) using the seldinger technique in the second attempt. Despite administration of erythrocyte suspension, fluid and noradrenaline infusion through the MLC, patient’s Hct did not increase, hypotension and tachycardia were continued. Catheter was not used and peripheral venous vascular access was used for replacement and infusions. Postoperatively, opacity covering the left hemithorax was detected on the chest radiograph, marked pleural effusion and pneumothorax on the left side was detected on thorax computed tomography. MLC was removed and tube thoracostomy drainage was administered. Hemorrhagic fluid was drained from thorax. Conservative treatment was deemed appropriate since stable vital signs after chest tube application. The complication rate is low and success rate is high in CVC from IJV. Malposition is rare in CVC application from right IJV than in CVC application from left IJV. There is a sharp curve in CVC from the left IJV, which frequently leads to malposition of the MLC. CM should be suspected with no aspiration of blood through catheter or aspiration of another substance such as air, chylous fluid, etc. and non-pulsatile blood flow. If dyspnea, tachycardia, tachypnea, hypotension and desaturation develop after catheter administration we should be alert.

<p><em>Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM), which supports the existence of two routes to persuasion: central and peripheral routes, has been one of the major models on persuasion. As the number of studies in the Turkish literature on ELM is limited, a detailed explanation of the model together with a comprehensive literature review was considered to be contributory for this gap. The findings of the review reveal that the model was mostly used in marketing and advertising researches, that the concept most frequently used in elaboration process was involvement, and that argument quality and endorser credibility were the factors most often employed in measuring their effect on the dependant variables. The review provides valuable insights as it presents a holistic view of the model and the variables used in the model.</em></p>

Bu çalısmada, üç-seviyeli evirici ile asenkron motorun hızı denetlenmistir. Asenkron motorun (ASM) hız denetimi vektör kontrol (alan yönlendirmeli kontrol) yöntemi ile yapılmıstır. Bu kontrol yönteminde, klasik PI (oransal + integral) denetleyici yerine bulanık mantık denetleyicisi asenkron motorun hız kontrol ünitesine uygulanmıstır. Momentteki salınımları azaltmak amacıyla üçseviyeli eviricinin anahtarlamasında uzay vektör darbe genislik modülasyon (DGM) teknigi kullanılmıstır. Bulanık mantık denetleyicisinden elde edilen sonuçlar ile PI denetleyicisinden elde edilen sonuçlar karsılastırılmıstır. Simülasyon sonuçlarına göre bulanık mantık denetleyicisinin PI denetleyiciden daha iyi tepki verdigi görülmüstür

Teaching English to young children at preschool, which is the first grade of the systematic education, is quiteimportant in terms of developing some positive attitudes toward English. It is intended in this study toinvestigate the attitudes and interests of young children for English lessons. For this purpose, first they wereobserved using an observation form. Study was conducted at a nursery school in Bor, which serves thirty fivechildren, thirteen of whom aged 4, eleven aged 5, and eleven aged 6. The study was restricted to choosing anEnglish object related to the subjects and measuring their ability to say the English meaning of given objects.Considering that all the children had not known any English, a test wasn’t carried out beforehand. After theeducation, the data was analyzed using frequency distribution and percentage values. Consequently, based onevaluation of every child in an appropriate environment, following statistics results were obtained: 1. Saying:66.6% for the age of 4, 86.1% for the age of 5, 78.72% for the age of 6, 2. Choosing: 74.1% for the age of 4,93.5% for the age of 5, 84.4% for the age of 6.

Work-related burns are responsible for a large proportion of work-related accidents, and also constitute an important group in occupational dermatoses. Occupational burns may occur in many lines of work. It has been demonstrated that employees who are most affected by molten metal burns are foundry workers. In some countries, work-related burn injury prevention programs are being developed. A significant decrease can be achieved in the frequency of work-related burns by increasing protective measures and informing workers. In this case report, to draw attention to this occupational problem and to review current literature about work-related burns, we presented three foundry workers with burns.

Die Begriffe Tempus und Modus werden in der türkischen Linguistik sehr oft im Rahmen der traditionellen Grammatik diskutiert. Obwohl sie bespielsweise in der Germanistik oder Anglistik strik voneinander getrennt werden, werden sie in der Turkologie sehr oft verwechselt. Viele Turkologen verwenden Begriffe wie "Modus des Tempus", was wissenschaftlich unhaltbar ist. Das Tempus bezeichnet den zeitlichen Abstand einer Tätigkeit, eines Vorgangs oder eines Zustandes hinsichtlich der Lokalisation in der Vergangenheit, in der Gegenwart oder in der Zukunft, wobei der Modus eine subjektive Stellungnahme des Sprachbenutzers zu diesen grammatischen Entitäten ermöglicht. Durch den Modus wird gezeigt, ob die Prädikation des Sachverhaltes infolge eines Wollens, eines Sollens, eines Müssens, eines Dürfens oder eines Mögens stattfindet. Durch Hinzufügung eines Modalverbs gewinnt die Prädikation eine bestimmte Richtung, die an und für sich als objektiv gilt. Die Klassifikation türkischer und deutscher Modi ist in mehreren Hinsichten unterschiedlich. Während in der türkischen Sprache zwei Modi unterschieden werden (bildirme kipleri, tasarlama kipleri), die wiederum in verschiedene Gruppen unterteilt werden, betrachtet man in der deutschen Grammatik den Imperativ neben dem Konjunktiv I (vergleichbar mit dem türkischen Evidentialis) und dem Konjunktiv II als einen eigenstängigen Modus, ganz zu schweigen von Modalverben, die als Hilfsverbnen die Aussage-Möglichkeiten enorm erweitern. Hierbei müssen wir auch hervorheben, dass die Begriffe Modus und Modalität voneinander zu trennen sind. Während der Begriff Modus auf die allgemeine objektive Prädikation hinweist, die vor allem durch verbale lexikalische Mittel realisiert wird, dient die Modalität zur subjektiven Aussage und entsteht durch die verschedensten sprachlichen Mittel.

Objective: The aim of our study, is to determine the nephrotoxicity rates and risk factors for the development of nephrotoxicity by retrospective evaluation of patients who were given colistin therapy oncology hospital intensive care unit. Material and Method: Total of 33 adult patients were included in the study. Renal function tests and hemodialysis requirements were recorded. In addition, patients age, gender, concurrently used drugs with colistin therapy, duration of colistin therapy and total colistin doses were noted. RIFLE criteria (risk, injury, failure, loss, end-stage kidney disease) were used for evaluation of nephrotoxicity. Results: Nephrotoxicity was observed in 69,7% of patients (23 patients). According to RIFLE criteria nephrotoxicity rates were; risk 36,36%, injury 15,15% and failure 18,18%. In patients who developed nephrotoxicity, creatinine and blood urea nitrogen values were observed to rise significantly on the 5th day of colistin treatment (p≤0,05). In patients with malignancy, nephrotoxicity rate was 5.4 times higher than those without the diagnosis of malignancy. Concurrent use of diuretic, aminoglycoside, vancomycin and carbapenem did not increase the risk of nephrotoxicity. Conclusion: In our study, the rate of nephrotoxicity was higher than those in the literature. We found that underlying malignant tumor diagnosis increases the rate of nephrotoxicity.

..

OBJECTIVE: Primary glomerular diseases or some systemic disorders such as diabetes (DM) may cause proteinuria. Irisin (IRI) is a hormone secreted as a response to physical exercise by the skeleton muscle and thought to be protective against many metabolic disorders such as DM, obesity. Decreased levels of irisin were observed in chronic kidney disease (CKD), type 2 DM and obesity. The aim of this study was to determine IRI levels in blood and saliva of proteinuric patients with and without diabetes. MATERIAL and METHODS: Sampling was from 15 diabetic, 15 non-diabetic proteinuria and 13 healthy control subjects. IRI concentrations were measured by using commercial ELISA kits. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 12. Groups were compared by the Kruskal-Wallis test and then Mann–Whitney post hoc test was performed. RESULTS: Plasma and saliva IRI levels of non- diabetic group were higher than the diabetic group. There was a significant positive correlation between plasma IRI concentrations and HDL, albumin levels but a negative correlation between plasma IRI and LDL levels. CONCLUSION: IRI levels were low both in plasma and saliva in diabetic subjects. IRI may be an important marker and/or therapeutic agent for disorders associated with energy expenditure and kidney diseases in the future.

Objective: In this study, we aimed to investigate the difference of uric acid levels between metabolically healthy and unhealthy obese individuals. Methods: Patients of internal medicine and endocrinology outpatient clinics who admitted with the complaint of overweight were separated into two groups, by diagnostic criteria for metabolic syndrome, as metabolically healthy obese and metabolically unhealthy obese individuals. Total of 193 women aged between 18 to 70 years were enrolled into study. Results: Statistically significant differences were determined regarding waist circumference (p=0.038), HOMA-IR (p<0.001) and uric acid levels (p=0.001) between metabolically healthy obese and metabolically unhealthy obese patients while high-sensitive CRP levels (p>0.05) were not differ between these groups. When patients were separated into two groups according to uric acid median, the rate of metabolic syndrome found to be increased in high uric acid group (p=0.021). A correlation analysis showed that uric acid was significantly associated with number of metabolic syndrome parameters (r=0.270, p<0.001) beyond presence of metabolic syndrome. Conclusion: In the fact of determined relation of uric acid with the insulin resistance and significant difference of uric acid levels between metabolically healthy and non-healthy obese groups, uric acid can be considered as a cheap, accessible and sensitive parameter for metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk factor in obese individuals.

Objective: Eccrine porocarcinoma is a rare malignant tumor of eccrine sweat glands. It may arise de novo, but it usually develops in pre-existing eccrine poroma. Here we report a case of eccrine porocarcinoma in the grafted area on the scalp of a male patient who had recurrent basal cell carcinoma of the scalp, with clinical, histopathological and, immunohistochemical features.Case: We report a case of eccrine porocarcinoma in 78-year-old male patient who had recurrent basal cell carcinoma of the scalp. The tumor was polypoid, granular and heterogenous colored. Microscopic examination revealed a tumor composed of basaloid-poroid neoplastic cells in the dermis which showed solid and cystic areas. Focal clear cell change, and atypical and frequent mitoses were also observed. Neoplastic cells were diffusely positive with pankeratin. There was focal positivity with EMA and CEA.Conclusion: Eccrine porocarcinoma is a rare tumor. There are no large series that evaluate the diagnosis, monitoring and treatment of these tumors. In addition, this entity has to be kept in mind in the differential diagnosis of epidermal and skin appendix tumors.

Objective: This paper aims to present preoperative prediction of responses of locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) patients to neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy (NRC) treatments using their gene expression profiles. Materials and Methods: Expression profiles of 24,026 genes were generated on 43 LARC samples using microarray technology. The 43 samples contained two histopathologic response groups of 14 responders and 29 non-responders to NRC treatment. Using a novel k sequential feature selection and classification (k-SS) method, a subset of gene signatures whose expression levels are correlated with the two response groups was selected for pre-therapeutic prediction of the LARC patients. Results: Five informative gene chips whose expression profiles are strongly correlated with the two histopathologic response groups of the LARC samples were selected. Some of these are protein encoding genes like SF3A1 that functions in the nucleus and helps to convert pre-messenger RNA to mRNA. The average bootstrap.632+ prediction accuracy based on these genes is about 98%. Results from cluster analysis and PCA showed good discrimination of the two clinical response groups. Although, all the five out-of-bag samples were correctly classified, the classification of the entire 43 LARC samples in a 10-fold cross-validation yielded 86% and 93% correct classifications of responders and non-responders respectively. Conclusion: Results from this study equally showed that preoperative prediction of responses of LARC patients to NRC treatment using gene expression profiles is possible. This shall immensely help in clinical diagnosis and treatment of locally advanced rectal carcinomas. Nevertheless, validation studies with larger patient groups might be desirable in future.

The purpose of that qualitative study is to put forward its opportunity and threats of PAU Education Faculty by taking the inner and outer participants&rsquo; perception. The model search is &ldquo;the case study&rdquo;. As in many qualitative studies &ldquo;the case study will be relatively on a &ldquo;small-scale&rdquo; The data gained were collected randomly and, through &ldquo;the case study&rdquo;, chosen by group modeling method in 2005-2006 academic year. The study includes 223 participants chosen among outer and participants&rsquo;. The perceptions of inner and outer participants of The Education Faculty of PAU were obtained by &ldquo;Open Ended Inquiry&rdquo;. The inquiry was studied on the volunteers, all of whom had already been evaluated for modeling beforehand. The data, which had been obtained about The Education Faculty of PAU through inner and outer participants, were matched with &ldquo;thematic content analyzing Process&rdquo;. As a result of the study, according to inner and outer participants&rsquo; perceptions, the first leading three opportunities, which are provided by powers and tendencies for the Education Faculty and which occur out of PAU Education Faculty&rsquo;s control, are as following: (1) Industrial and trade institutions&rsquo; (private ones) providing financial support to certain projects, (2) The wealthy people&rsquo;s in Denizli supporting the Faculty financially, (3) Those people&rsquo;s providing scholarship to students. And the most leading three threats are, in order, as following: (1) Politicians&rsquo; and political parties&rsquo; polarization to science and harming the scientific freedom, (2) Differences in political mind (right left wings) causing polarization and fighting, (3) Political tendency&rsquo;s being critical in recruiting new staff and a discrimination, in the end.

Awareness for and knowledge of students’ ways of thinking is an important component of teachers’ competence that should be gained before starting their career. The purpose of this study was to investigate pre-service secondary mathematics teachers’ views regarding the role of examining students’ work in understanding students’ ways of thinking within the context of an undergraduate mathematical modeling course for pre-service mathematics teachers. The participants were twenty-five pre-service mathematics teachers enrolled in the course. Lasting eight weeks the data were collected through the pre-service teachers’ reflection papers, individual interviews, and a self-evaluation questionnaire. The analyses of data revealed that the pre-service mathematics teachers thought that examining students’ solution papers and video episodes helped them to be aware of, predict, understand, and interpret students’ ways of thinking. The findings of the study suggested that mathematics teacher educators might consider using students’ work from real classroom settings in order to both develop and support the development of pre-service mathematics teachers’ pedagogical content knowledge. [Öğretmenin sahip olması beklenen önemli yeterliliklerden birisi öğrenci düşünme şekilleri bilgisidir. Pedagojik alan bilgisinin bir alt boyutu olan bu bilginin öğretmenlere mesleğe başlamadan önce kazandırılması önemlidir. Bu çalışmanın amacı matematiksel modelleme etkinliklerinin sınıf içi uygulamalarından elde edilen öğrenci çözüm kâğıtları ve videoları incelemenin öğrenci düşünme şekillerini anlamaya olan katkısı konusunda matematik öğretmen adaylarının düşüncelerini incelemektir. Çalışmanın katılımcıları öğretmen adaylarına dönük bir matematiksel modelleme dersine kayıtlı yirmi beş matematik öğretmen adayıdır. Sekiz hafta süren çalışmanın verileri bireysel düşünce raporları, birebir görüşmeler ve bir öz-değerlendirme anketi yoluyla toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizleri, öğretmen adaylarının öğrenci çözüm kâğıtları ve video kesitlerini incelemenin öğrencilerin matematiksel düşünme süreçlerinin farkına varma, tahmin edebilme, anlama ve yorumlamalarına yardım ettiğini düşündüklerini ortaya çıkarmıştır. Bu çalışmanın sonuçları öğretmen eğitimcilerine, öğretmen adaylarının pedagojik alan bilgilerinin gelişimine destek sağlaması açısından gerçek sınıf ortamlarından alınmış öğrenci çalışma ürünlerinin kullanılmasını önermektedir.]